Uyini umbadlana khompyutha?

Ukuya esitolo we ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, kunzima hhayi ukuziqhakambisa ebhokisini elikhulu elingunxande, ngemuva ingilazi amafasitela. Njengomthetho, ngokuvamile abhalwe ngamagama amakhulu igama umenzi (Asus, Gigabyte, Intel), isikhundla kwangaphakathi, futhi izici eziningi asekelwe ethulwa ngendlela yokukhangisa. Kulawo mabhokisi kukhona motherboards (mainboards). Zisetshenziswa tangcondvomshini, kusukela esikhathini amakhompyutha kuqala.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, abantu bavame umbuzo "uyini umbadlana." Ungakwazi Yiqiniso, nje ukunikeza incazelo, kodwa ukuphila kufakazela njalo ngomzuzu ukuthi iyiphi imfundo abangenakuqonda kuyize. Ngakho-ke, masenze konke esingakwenza ichaze ukuthi umbadlana okungukuthi, ukuba umcabango experiment kancane.

Njengoba wazi, ingxenye iyiphi ikhompyutha yesimanje kuhlanganisa okungenani CPU, isiqophi ikhadi, inkumbulo. Ukuze siphumelele, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi amandla supply bese uxhuma zonke izintambo. Yiqiniso, lena lolumalula kakhulu, kodwa isisekelo ke lokhu. Isixazululo sale nkinga, ngokunembile umthwalo phezu mainboard.

Ukuze ukubone computer, ukhipha ikhava izindlu unit uhlelo bese ubheka ngaphakathi. Kasibili zonke izingxenye axhunyiwe ibhodi elikhulu ngobukhulu kuthatha cishe wonke umzimba. Manje abanikazi ikhompyutha abanesithakazelo lokho umbadlana futhi kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzokwazi lihlukaniswe nezinye izakhi. Lokhu akulutho eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ungabona, uma ukwazi izimfanelo.

Ngakho, i-motherboard - ke iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ikhompyutha umbadlana kulo zonke ezinye izingxenye kuhlanganisiwe. Ngaphandle-ke kungabe ababebuthene ikhompyutha. Ungasebenza ngaphandle kwe-adaptha alalelwayo, chip inethiwekhi, drive kanzima, futhi ngisho ngaphandle ikhibhodi, kodwa ungalokothi - ngaphandle mainboard. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo iyizwi IsiZulu elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ebhodini main". Okuningi ngokunembile ndawo.

Qonda kudivayisi umbadlana kuba lula kakhulu uma ukufunda izisekelo ukukhiqizwa. Okokuqala uzilungiselele izingxenye esizayo - kungaba nezixhumi ngoba okuphathelene nomngcele, chip ngekhodekhi chipsets okudingekayo futhi abahambisana izakhi esibophezelayo (transistors, capacitors, amandla ukushintsha).

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kule amabhodi nalutho zidalwe ku elihambayo nge-computer. Ngenxa yale njongo, lo PCB esithathwayo ishidi (impahla Kwe-dielectric Heating) ngokuhambisana ibalazwe ukuthunyelwa ikusasa emgodini yamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nhlangothi zombili indlela electrochemical isicelo wirings. I preform okuholela is camera lacquer (ngaphandle kwalapho solder). Yakha uhlu kwesibili, njll Nakuba izimbobo kuzo ziyafana, amathrekhi ngokufanako. Isinyathelo sokugcina zonke amashidi ethe njo ndawonye endaweni eyodwa, ukuthola isakhiwo multilayer. Ngemva kwalokho, izindawo soldered enikeziwe izakhi ezidingekayo (nezixhumi, izifunda okuhlangene).

Izimali yehlukile kwenye uhlobo izilimi asekelwe futhi inani imisebenzi awenziwanga. Yiqiniso, idayagramu isakhiwo models futhi ehlukile. Ukuze uthole okungcono, udinga ukuqonda kahle lokho umbadlana nalokho imisebenzi singathanda ukukubona.

Kwezinye amadivayisi athile Computing kungenzeka kancane noma ngokuphelele nezixhumi ngingekho for izingxenye yangaphandle (CPU, inkumbulo, isiqophi). Kulokhu, basuke soldered ebhodini at the stage of production, njengoba chips ezivamile.

Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho ngenhla, umuntu kalula ukucabanga ukuthi ingozi ukuze umbadlana lihlelo ngalendoda ufakwa nezixhumi isiqophi adaptha yememori amamojuli force anjalo ukuthi flex mainboard. Uma ubona lokhu, ikhompyutha Kuphela akufanele izandisele ngendlela ukuqoqa, ngoba ngenxa isakhiwo multilayer yanoma yimuphi umonakalo kungenzeka ongabonakali hhayi ngokushesha avele.