Ukuhlolwa kwama-rack: inqubo

Ukubhekelwa kwendawo yokugcina isakhiwo sokugcina impahla, esetshenziselwa ukugcina izinto ezihlukahlukene, izimpahla nemishini. Ukuphepha kwabo kuxhomeke ekuphepheni kwabasebenzi babo. Lapho ukwakhiwa kwehle, ukulahlekelwa kungase kube yizinkulungwane, izigidi zamaruble. Ukuze kuvimbele imiphumela emibi yokuphazanyiswa kobuqotho bezingcingo nezakhi zesistimu, ukuhlolwa kwe-racking kuqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezimpawu ezithile zenqubo enjalo. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene. Indlela inqubo yokuhlolwa kwamandla ehlelekile ehlelwe ngayo futhi iyokwenziwa iyoxoxwa kamuva.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa

Ukuhlolwa kwama-racks (GOST 55525-13) kwenziwa ngezinombolo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, uma udala umklamo omusha, kungase kube namaphutha athile ekubunjweni kwezakhi zalo. Kulesi simo, isakhiwo asikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ehlosiwe.

Ukuze ugweme ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo, umkhiqizi uhlola izinto ozenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulungisa amaqiniso e-miscalculation ngenkathi umjikelezo wezobuchwepheshe. Amaphutha emidwebo aqedwa.

Futhi, umkhiqizi kumele amise ukuxhumana kwezinkomba zangempela ze-rack ezichasweni ezichazwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuvimbela ingozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwalesi sikhungo. Kulesi simo, unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okubonakala kokulimala komnotho kuphela, kodwa nokulimala noma ngisho nokufa kwabasebenzi bokugcina impahla. Lokhu kungenye yezinyathelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kwezemvelo.

Bahlola ngaki isikhathi?

Imfundo yokuhlola amashalofu ahlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwamacala amane amakhulu. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwenziwa ekukhiqizeni. Uma umklamo omusha udalwa ngokusho kwemidwebo emisha, indawo yokuhlola yenziwa. Kuhlolwe ukuhlola ukuthola amaphutha okuklama. Uma zonke izidingo zihlangene, umkhiqizo uya ekukhiqizeni okuningi.

Emva kokukhiqiza i-batch yezinhlelo ezifanayo, ama-test units amaningana akhethiwe kuwo. Uma izici zendawo yokugcina impahla zihambisana nezindinganiso, yonke imikhiqizo eyenziwe iyatholakala emakethe.

Ngaphambi kokufaka amashalofu, izimo zokugcina zihloliwe. Ngemuva kokufakwa, amandla abo bonke ukuxhumana kwehalafu ngalinye kanye nokwesekwa nakho kuhlolwe. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, umkhiqizo uphinde uhlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Imvamisa cishe yonke iminyaka emibili. Le nqubo yenziwa kuze kube yilapho isikhungo sibhalwa ibhalansi yenkampani.

Yini okumele uyiqaphele

Kukhona uhlu oluthile lwezimpikiswano abacwaningi bamabhuku abazilalela. Imiphumela iqoshiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isenzo sokuhlola ama-racks senziwe, isampula esinikezwa ngezansi.

Ukuphambuka kusuka ezingeni elilinganiselwe, eliqondile lama-racks nemisipha kuphenywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici zokugcina indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele zicatshangelwe.

Iphutha ekuphambukeni kwesigaba esinqunyiwe sezinto ezithwala umthwalo kuthathwa. Ukuphambukiswa okunjalo kudala imithwalo ephakeme kakhulu. Futhi, abacwaningi kufanele bahlole ukubonakala kwamapulangwe, ama-racks, amashalofu, ama- pallets.

Kubalulekile ukuba unake ubuqotho bezingcingo ezishiywe ngemuva kokudonsa, noma izingxube ezifakiwe (usebenzisa ama-bolts). Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-pitch yokuthwala okusekelwayo kanye neziphambano kuhlolwa. Ekupheleni kwesheke, isibonakaliso sokuthi umthamo wezinto ezithintekayo sichazwe ukuhlangabezana nezici ezishiwo epasipoti.

Ukuhlola kwangaphandle

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa komenzi nomsebenzisi, umbiko wokuhlola wama-rack uphoqelekile. Kubonisa idatha yezifundo ezenziwe. Leli dokhumenti elisemthethweni, ukubhaliswa okulawulwa yizindinganiso ezifanele.

Ukuqonda inqubo yonke yokuqinisekisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokuningiliziwe izigaba zokuziphatha kwayo. Okokuqala, ukuhlola okubukwayo kwenziwa. Umhloli uhlola izinga lempahla. Kumele ahlole ukubonakala kwazo zonke izakhi zeziphambeko. Isendlalelo esivikelayo, esivimbela izinto ezivela ekubhujisweni, kufanele sihlale singanyene. Akufanele kukhishwe noma kukhishwe.

Emva kwalokho, i-geometry yezinsika nezinsika zokusekela zihlolwa. Inani labo kufanele lihlangabezane namazinga. Uma kunezinselele zokuphendula okwenziwe nge-oxidative phezu kwensimbi, i-degree yabo isungulwe. Siyakhumbula ukutholakala kwama-burrs, ukudluliswa kwamanye amazwe nezinye izinkinga.

I-seelded seams

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwama-racks, amalunga azo zonke izici zesistimu ahlolwe. Angalungiswa komunye nomunye ngezikulubo noma eziphethwe yi-welded. Kulezi zindawo, njengomthetho, isakhiwo sinomthelela omkhulu emthonjeni omubi womthwalo. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yezinsimu eziphehliwe inqunywa izindlela ezikhethekile.

Lokhu kungaba yindlela e-ultrasonic, i-acoustic, i-luminescent noma yamakhemikhali. Ngamanye amasu akhethiwe akuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo samalungu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutholakala kwama-sags, ukungena kwe-slag noma ukungena okuphelele akukhishwe emigodini. Akufanele kube khona ukuchotshozwa noma ukusika kumalunga.

Futhi, uhlolo lubeka ukuhlanzeka kwezingcingo. Akufanele zilandwe noma zingcolile. Uma kungenjalo, uhlelo luzosheshe luhlakazeke.

Uma ukuxhumeka kunikwa uhlobo lwe-screw, i-screed yabo ihlolwe. Izinto ezibambisene (nut kanye ne-bolt) kumele ziqiniseke ngokuqinile.

Inqubo yokuhlola

Ekusebenzeni ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye namandla okubhebhetheka, ngaphezu kokuhlola okubukwayo nokuhlolwa kwezingqinamba zamalungu, ezinye izindlela zisetshenziswa. Ziqondiswa kuphela ngemva kwesimo esingaphandle esakhiweni sokwethenjelwa. Kulokhu, i-rack ihlolwe ukulayisha.

Lesi sheke senziwa ezinkomba ezimbili. Esikhathini sokuqala, izakhi ezihlanganisiwe zingaphansi komthwalo oqondile, futhi okwesibili - kumthwalo olinganiselwe. Lezi zindlela eziphumelelayo ezivumela ukuhlola okuhloswe komgomo wamashalofu.

Umthwalo oqondile uphelelwa emigodini. Idlula u-25% umkhawulo wesisindo ovumelekile ongavumelekile ukuthi into engakwazi ukumelana nayo. Idatha ithathwe epasipoti yesakhiwo. Ngenqubo yesifundo, imingcele yokuphambana iyalinganiswa. Akumele kudlule umngcele we-1/200 webude bebhokisi.

Umthwalo olinganiselwe wamashalofufrifu ngu-50% wezinga eliphezulu. Ukuphambana okuphambene nakho kufanele kube okuncane.

Ukuqedwa kocwaningo

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwama-racks, i-deformation yokususwa isilinganiswa. Futhi, ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwento kwenziwa. Ama-welds noma izixhumi zokuxhuma zibuye zihlolwe kabusha.

Lapho sekuqedile ukuhlolwa, kwenziwa isenzo. Iqukethe yonke imingcele yokulinganisa. Futhi, locwaningo lubeka izinga lokubeka ingozi. I-European system of standards isetshenziswa kaningi ekuhloleni. Kuthatha amazinga amathathu engozini.

Uma imishini inikezwa indawo eluhlaza, inomonakalo omncane, ongathinti amandla esakhiwo sakhiwo. Indawo ye-amber ihlanganisa ama-racks angenalo umonakalo omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo kuvunyelwe. Uma leyo nto isendaweni ebomvu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyingozi futhi kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile.

Izinzuzo zokuqinisekisa

Namuhla, ukuhlolwa kwe-racking kwenziwa nakanjani yizo zonke izinhlangano zokugcina izinto futhi zenza izinto ezifanayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo sesifundo, futhi cishe ubale isikhathi sokusebenza kwayo.

Emigodini yensimbi, izingqamuzana nezinsika, ukucindezeleka kuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kulesi simo, ukufakwa kwendawo kukhonjelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu akuthuthukisi isimo samashalofu. Uma ungaqapheli amaphutha ngesikhathi, awukwazi ukugwema ukuwa kwesakhiwo. Luhlolo olwenza kube lula ukunquma ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza isakhiwo ngaphambi kokulimala.

Esikhathini sokuqinisekisa, izici zokusebenza, ukugcinwa kwesilondolozi ngabasebenzi bokugcina impahla nazo zicatshangelwa. Isibonelo, izitolo zokuqashisa eziqashiwe kudingeka zihlolwe kaningi, ngoba ngokuvamile aziqhutshwa ngendlela enomusa.

Ngemva kokuhlola inqubo yokwenza ukuhlolwa kwezigubhu, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlolisise isimo sakhiwo. Lokhu kuzovikela into ekubhujisweni, ukuhlukunyezwa nokufa kwabantu.