Ukufakwa Uhlaka wophahla ophahleni gable: design, zokwakha kanye namathuluzi

Ukuvikela isikhala yangaphakathi yendlu ingasetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi uphahla ezahlukene. ukubukeka enhle kakhulu, isibonelo, hipped, hipped, mnogoschiptsovye. Nokho, abanikazi iningi izindlu zangasese yayivame eyakhelwe ophahleni gable. Le ndlela ophahleni kuyinto ethandwayo ngokuyinhloko ngenxa kalula kwenhlangano, ngenxa nokwethenjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kophahla le zilwane isikhala esanele kudivayisi ye Loft ezinkulu noma ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.

umklamo Izici

Ukufakwa Uhlaka wophahla ophahleni gable, njenganoma iyiphi enye, wenziwa ku mauerlat. Futhi ekwakhiweni kophahla enjalo ingafaka:

• semishayweni;

• adala, purlins, belele;

• ihhashi;

• lathing.

Ukuze ukuvikelwa umswakama truss uhlelo esetshenziswa hydro- futhi paroizolyatory. Zivame phezu heater. Lokhu kwaziswa kuyadingeka yini avikele elisophahleni lwendlu noma Loft emakhazeni. Yiqiniso, esigabeni sokugcina uzimele endlini Unamekwe ukufulela impahla.

Mauerlat ngoba uphahla gable: Izici ukufakwa

Lo msuka isakhi Uhlaka ophahleni uya ngokuvamile bar obukhulu kakhulu (150-200 mm kwesigaba). Phela, wayehawukela kuwumgogodla ophahleni. Mauerlat embondelene phezu ezindongeni zendlu. Uma kuwukuzikhohlisa kuqoqwa igesi noma evundile zikasimende, indawo pre-ukuhlela kwagcizelela ukhonkolo. Ukuze ukulungisa mauerlat ukutheleka amabhawudo ihange. Ngaphansi kophahla gable mauerlat ngokuvamile ukulingana kuphela kwezingange zombili - parallel eside. On the cobbled, izingodo izindlu nezihlangu lesi sici alisetshenziswa. Kulokhu ukukhonza njengephayona mauerlat umqhele engenhla noma okuxhumanisa.

ophahleni umshayo

Lona omunye izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu uphahla. Ukuqoqa uhlelo truss ezimweni eziningi usebenzisa izinto ezifana ugodo 100 * 100 * 150 mm noma 150 mm. Futhi bagibele 100 * 150 mm singasetshenziswa kuso. Ngaphambi ukwakha truss uhlelo impahla bafa ukuze phezulu imilenze eduze komunye nomunye noma ugema Ubuningi bamahora aminyene (anqunywe engela ezithile). Ngezinye izikhathi ngokukhetha kokwehla Slots ezansi izinyawo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukwakha uphahla ivikeleke nakakhulu.

Ngu mauerlat, umqhele engenhla noma imishayo ngombala lokhuni kungenziwa aboshelwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi basuke kulungisiwe "node" ku izinzipho amathathu wire obukhulu. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke imilenze enamathiselwe lashukumisa emakhoneni steel nhlangothi zombili. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu umhlangano. Phezulu semishayweni anamekwe nomunye esebenzisa metal amabhuloho noma ugema nasemakhoneni.

On imishayo izakhiwo sokhuni oqoshiwe (100 * 100 mm, 150 mm noma 150 * 100 * 150 mm) unamathele esebenzisa ekhethekile izakhi ezengeziwe - ". Slide" Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhamba semishayweni. Qondanisa ukusetshenziswa iziqobosho ezinjalo kwasekuqaleni ukuze ku desiccation we izindonga zezindlu bayakwazi ukuba uhlale phansi. Ngakho-ke isandla abethela truss uhlelo (izinzipho noma emakhoneni) kuleli cala akunakwenzeka. Uma kungenjalo, it may nje izindaba.

Semishayweni ophahleni gable: zinhlobo

Ngezinye izikhathi ezitshekile ophahleni Uhlaka imishayo kungenziwa bufakwe kuphela phansi - ukuze mauerlat nangaphezulu - komunye nomunye noma isigxobo yokhalo. Trusses maKristu abizwa sawo. Kodwa ngokuvamile isetshenziswa olunye uhlobo lwesitsha skeleton. Kulokhu, yizinyawo usekelo olungeziwe ifakiwe (ubude lonke) phakathi kumpambuko. Ngenxa yalokho, uphahla etholwe "ephukile". ophahleni okunjalo gable libizwa mansard nemishayo yokhuni zabo - naslonnymi. Yilolu hlobo esiwusizo kakhulu kophahla endlini yezwe. Ibanga phakathi imishayo - kokubili naslonnymi futhi sawo - kwanqunywa kusukela ukushuba ugongolo akhethiwe, ubude skates, njll Ngokuvamile sinyathelo 60-80 cm ...

Podstropilnaya Uhlaka uhlelo

On izindlu kungenzeka endaweni enkulu ngaphandle mauerlat ezitshekile ophahleni imishayo lisekelwa imishayo, zezinsika belele. Okokuqala efakwe nendawo, owesibili - thwi. It ngokuthi ugodo uma belele babeka joists. Kuye, futhi ziboshelwe pitch ezithile kanye ubude yonke we yokubeka ophahleni. Eceleni kwabo Kumiswa yokhalo isigxobo. Ngenxa yalesi isici evame ukusetshenziswa ugodo 100x 150 mm.

ridge run

Ukufakwa Uhlaka wophahla gable ophahleni nokusetshenziswa kwalesi sakhi yenziwa kaningi. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ophahleni kuleli cala, kuvela ezibizayo. Iqiniso lokuthi uzimele ophahleni nge run of eziqine kakhudlwana futhi bakwazi kangcono ukumelana zonke izinhlobo imithwalo.

Setha lesi sici kumele ihambisane wonke amalungiselelo ubuchwepheshe. On kanjani ngokunembile kuyothiwa yehhashi egibele, ukunemba incike geometry ophahla. Lapho lapha isigxobo ophahleni yokhalo iqale kushintshwe amakholomu kakhulu (gables ku). Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwabo ukudonsa intambo-non-nokunwebeka ziyakuhlushwa liqinisekisiwe ezingeni lakhe. Khona-ke, eqondiswa kuye, setha zonke zezitsha Lesisemkhatsini. Kulokhu, abethela kubo ngendlela okwalandela yokhalo isigxobo uzobe elise nendawo ngokuphelele.

lathing

Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho intfo lebaluleke kakhulu ekuklanyweni iyiphi ophahleni. Batten ibhodi ikhethwa ngokuvamile ngempela obukhulu. Kuye impahla ukufulela singasebenza samuntu 2.5-5 cm. Wesitimela Wide noma yayincane kakhulu ukuba lathing ingathathwa. Esimweni sokuqala, ibhodi esingasonta lesibili - aqhephukile. Ububanzi elikhulu kokwaziswa lathing - 20 cm.

Isinyathelo phakathi amabhodi, ukushuba yabo incike uhlobo isikhumba ekhethiwe. likhreyithi okunjalo kwaphela wanelisa kuphela ngaphansi ishidi eqinile. Ngaphansi impahla ukufulela kanye metal mncane kakhulu okuqhubekayo ukukhweza. Ukuze uthole Batten enjalo ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa ebhodi kanye amashidi obukhulu plywood noma OSB.

Ukushisa-nangokuvikela ungqimba kanye ungangenisi amanzi

gable ophahleni design kangangokuthi ukuze kuvikeleke isikhala layo langaphakathi ngenxa yamakhaza, ungasebenzisa ngokuphelele noma iyiphi impahla yesimanje. Ngokuvamile, i-ukwahlukanisa of elisophahleni lwendlu noma elisophahleni isetshenziswa amaminerali uvolo. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa futhi lanwetshwa polystyrene. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, uphahla ahlukaniswe sishaye polyurethane foam.

Njengoba usekelo polystyrene nokumbiwa uvolo ovela elisophahleni silingo wire. AmaSpredishithi noma amapuleti ngokwabo zixhunywe ngqo phakathi imishayo. Mineral uvolo igibele nje vraspor. I izimbotshana phakathi ugongolo kanye amaphepha enwetshiwe polystyrene esishunyekiwe ekhethekile Foam obandayo futhi ethe njo livaleke. Steam ungangenisi amanzi iqinile nge nokunensa okuncane (2 cm) esimweni enezingqimba esigabeni sokugcina inhlangano yabantwana truss uhlelo.

ukufulela

Ophahleni ulwelwesi ingasetshenziswa metal, azikhohlwe ngokuphelele izono zethu, ondulin, ishidi okwenyanga. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlomisa ophahleni ukufulela impahla. Uphahla lwezindlu izindlu ezibizayo ezinkulu zivame camera nophahla ubumba tile. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezintweni zokwakha uphahla kukhona omningi. Zensimbi ezilula awashintsheki ngezikulufo emithambekeni. Zophahla wawungathi is babenamathela purlin okuqhubekayo usebenzisa i-mastic bituminous. Wabuye promazyvayut futhi ezivuzayo. Clay amathayili awashintsheki ophahleni nezikulufi self-evunyelwe ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ekhona kuwo.

Ukukhetha Imithetho amapulangwe

Ukufakwa Uhlaka wophahla gable ophahleni kumele kwenziwe usebenzisa kuphela esezingeni izingodo. Lapho uthenga nabo kumele zithobele imihlahlandlela ethile. Timber senzelwe inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-Uhlaka ophahleni kumele kube yomile. Ngendlela Ayamukelayo iphesenti yayo umswakama engu-18%. Ngokuvamile Woodworking ezitolo ezithengisa impahla, le mfuneko akulungile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi ukuhlangana ophahleni, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuze ome ukhuni ngaphansi ikhava izinyanga okungenani eziyisithupha.

Sokwakha ophahleni ngokushesha emva ukuthengwa imithi amabhodi ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma kwenziwa kusukela "ebusika" yehlathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi nenkathi ebandayo e iziqu zezihlahla eyeka ubisi ukugeleza. Ngenxa yalokho, abenziwe enjalo ugodo izingodo ekuqaleni zinamanzi kakhulu.

Uma ukhetha amapulangwe kanye izingodo, ngaphezu umswakama wawo, kufanele, yebo, unake izinga yabo. I umncane ifindo e izingodo - ngcono. Ngokuqondene ukhuni, it is avame ukusetshenziswa ukwakha uphahla zikaphayini.

Enye ipharamitha kubhekwe lapho uthenga imithi amabhodi - kuba geometry yabo. Izinto okufanele kuqonde kahle. Asetshenziselwa ukwakha uphahla amabhodi "ezisontekile" noma imishayo akuvunyelwe. Futhi indaba akufanele kube imifantu eminingi kakhulu.

uhlelo Ukuvikelwa ophahleni

Ukwakhiwa kophahla gable - inqubo ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganise zonke izinhlobo izinto eyenzelwe ukuvimbela umswakama imithi ingress amanzi esikhaleni ophahleni. Ngenxa nokuvikela ubunjiniyela plastic ifilimu ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa. Ngezinye izikhathi futhi wasebenzisa ulwelwesi ekhethekile. Kukhona izinto ezinjalo ingaphezulu kakhulu eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma polyethylene, kodwa isikhathi eside. I amafilimu kwalesi silwane kungaba isicupho umswakama okuvela ngaphandle ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuba adabule ngokwayo ubhanqe kuyoshaya ngaphakathi endlini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi yisivikelo ezishisayo lezigodo ngaphakathi ophahleni "pie" ahlale omile njalo. Lokho Yiqiniso, kakhulu isikhathi eside ekuphileni nophahla.

Ngu encasing impahla ngaphakathi elisophahleni lwendlu noma Loft ukukhwezwa ifilimu okhethekile, okuthiwa - isithiyo ububi ngentukuthelo. Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni njengesikhethekile ucwecwe amashidi lingasetshenziswa. Ziyakwazi ifilimu ezibizayo, kodwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, basize ukuba alondoloze Loft noma ukushisa elisophahleni, ngokudala "thermos umphumela".

Ngemva ukufakwa wophahla uhlelo ophahleni gable sekuphelile, uqhubekele isikhumba sakhe. Khetha izinto ukufulela kufanele kube ngokucophelela kakhulu. Phela, izinga layo kuthinta ngqo ukuthembeka ophahleni. Ngakho-ke, uma uthenga kwasekuqaleni kufanele sinake idumela njengoba nje inkampani nabaphakeli.

Ukubalwa ophahleni: enyakazayo engela

Yiqiniso, ophahleni Kwatholakala ukuqina ngokuphelele ziyalingana futhi esiphezulu, qiniseka ukudala umklamo enemininingwane ngaphambi inhlangano. Lo mbhalo kumele enze imidwebo ophahleni ngaphambili futhi projection yephrofayela, uhlelo (buka phezulu).

Gable ophahleni ifomu ubuye omuhle futhi yini kwenze kube lula impela ukubala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka sithole engela ukuthambekela semishayweni, cross-ingxenye impahla kanye nobungako yayo. Umngcele we-lokuqala kunqunywa kulokho impahla ukufulela ukuze usetshenziselwe Plating. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ubuncane ingxenye metal kuyinto 12 c. Zophahla impahla ingasetshenziswa uphahla nge pitch ophahleni ukuthambekela kufika ku-15 t. Kulokhu, izingqimba zalo ezine ngaphezulu. Lapho ukunamathisela ophahleni 40 degrees ipulangwe ungqimba 3, futhi phezu 45 c. - amabili. Tile Ceramic ingasetshenziswa uphahla nge emthambekeni ramps kusukela degrees 22 kuya 45.

Uma uphahla ayijulile kakhulu, kungaba bend noma igoqe ngaphansi isisindo iqhwa. emithambekeni emaweni kakhulu bavezwa umoya imithwalo. Ngakho-ke, lapho sikhetha engela ukuthambekela okufanele acabangele izici zezulu of endaweni ethile. Lokho esiphezulu umoya neqhwa imithwalo esifundeni.

Yikuphi ukukhetha engela ukwakha indlu enophahla gable endaweni ethile yezwe zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa ulwazi kusukela kumathebula ekhethekile. Kodwa ezindaweni eziningi Russia kubhekwa Inkomba best of 35-45 amagremu. Dormer ophahleni gable ukuhlomisa ngendlela yokuthi engela ukuthambekela we Trusses engenhla isihlobo emkhathizwe 30 c.

ekubalweni izinto

Ngakho, ukuze sithole elikhulu ukuthambekela engela imisebe lula. Uma lokhu okukhethiwe, ungakwazi uqhubekele ukubala ifreyimu ophahleni. Isinyathelo sokuqala sinquma ubude semishayweni. Ukwazi engela ubude izindonga esifushane endlini, ukwenza lo msebenzi kulula, usebenzisa elihambisana umsebenzi Trigonometric. Ukuze lesi sibalo kumele kwengezwe 20-40 cm eziphephile kulo uphahla.

Ukwazi ubude kanye nebanga phakathi imishayo (kanye nenombolo yabo), kulula ukunquma ukuthi ugodo kakhulu athenge. Ukubala amabhodi lathing isidingo sokwazi isinyathelo esisodwa nje phakathi kwabo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kulo uphahla futhi ngesikhathi yokhalo izinhlu ezimbili zamahalananda impahla eyayigcwele sploshnyakom. Ukuze abale isibalo amashidi ukushisa ukwahlukanisa, ifilimu kanye ishidi isikhumba, kufanele kube lula ukucacisa ingqikithi yendawo ye ramps. Ukuze lesi sibalo kumele ingezwe ku-10% ukulahlekelwa.

Kungakanani ngeke ophahleni

Ngaphezu imidwebo, iphrojekthi kumele ngempela kuhambisane izilinganiso izindleko impahla. Ngu ekubaleni eliningi yabo edingekayo ingabalwa kanye izindleko isamba ophahleni. Ngo-2016 izindleko elilinganisiwe zokwakha uphahla kuyinto:

• uvumelanise Pine 150h100 mm (i semishayweni) - 612-700 deda / pc .. (6 m);

• zikaphayini ibhodi 25h200h6000 mm (i lathing) - mayelana 500-550 deda / pc;..

• ugodo 200x200 mm (mauerlat ngoba uphahla gable) - komyalelo wokungabi ruble 1,200-1,500 / ucezu .. (6 m);

• Technical polyethylene ifilimu (80 micrometer) - ruble 990-1 000. roll (3x10 m) ngayinye;

• umusi - 400-500 deda. roll ngayinye;

• amaminerali uvolo "Ursa" - ruble 1500. (Impahla 2h9000 1200h50 x).

Kusukela ezintweni zokwakha uphahla iyona eshibhe inketho ukufulela impahla. A roll kubiza ruble mayelana 350-400. Kodwa ngokuvamile abanikazi izindlu zasemaphandleni embozwe ukufulela lensimbi. Izindleko zalesi okokusebenza ruble mayelana 300. eshidini elilodwa.

Yimaphi amathuluzi ezidingekayo

Ukuze ukufakwa wophahla uhlelo bazodinga hacksaw (noma babona kagesi), ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela futhi isando. Ukuze esehlanganise ophahleni zensimbi amashidi, phakathi kwabanye, uzodinga ukulungiselela ebukhali metal sikelo. Ukuphuca impahla grinder camera akunakwenzeka, ke kungenjalo angase kabana elingenhla zokuzivikela ungqimba amashidi. Ngenxa yalokho, ulwelwesi ophahleni uzoqala ngokushesha okukhulu nokugqwala.

Uma wanquma ukumboza ophahleni nge ukufulela impahla, kubalulekile ukulungiselela emgqonyeni ukuze ancibilike itiyela futhi unamathele ngendwangu obukhulu laqina wakhe. Futhi uzodinga a amabhakede ambalwa.

Yiqiniso, ukufakwa ophahleni uzodinga iladi okuthembekile, futhi mhlawumbe kusukela ababeke amabhuloho amabhodi. Ukuze ukufakwa metal, kuyinto efiselekayo ukulungiselela futhi izicathulo ne ethambile, kodwa hhayi ematheni oshelelayo.