Izinto zokugqoka: izinhlobo nezindawo. Izinto zokwakheka kwezinto eziphezulu

Uphahla luvikela indlu ngephutha, iqhwa nezinye izinto ezimbi ezingokwemvelo. Namuhla kuyisiko ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokwakha. Kungaba nzima, okulula, amaphrofayli, amapulazi, ama-roll kanye nezixazululo. Abanye babo bangakhetha ukukhetha izindlu zezwe nezindlu zezwe, ezinye ezakhiweni zasemadolobheni, kanti ezinye zifaneleke kakhulu izakhiwo zomnotho. Ukuze ukhethe, kuzomele uzijwayele ukwaziswa okuphahleni ngalunye ngokwehlukana.

I-tile yensimbi

Uma ucubungula izinto zokuphahla, ungakhetha insimbi, eyenziwe ngensimbi efakwe ebandayo ene-0.4 kuya ku-0.5 millimeters. Phezulu, ishidi ligcwele i-zinc, evikelwe yi-polymers. Umcengezi wokuvikela ungqimba oluphezulu. Umkhiqizo ophelile unesisindo kakhulu, ngakho-ke imitha eyodwa yesikwele ingaba nesisindo esingaba ngu-3 kuya ku-5 kilogram. Ukufakwa kusebenza kuhambisana nokuhambisana nomgwaqo ophansi ovunyelwe ophahleni, okuyizinombolo ezingu-15. Njengoba kunezintambo ezincane ezingadluli ama-degrees angu-20, kubalulekile ukufaka ngokucophelela amalunga phakathi kwe-webs. Izinto zokubopha ezinjalo zibekwa ngokuhlanganisa phakathi, okumele kube ngamamitha ayizi-45 kuya kwangu-150.

Izici ezinhle zensimbi

Amakhasimende akhetha lokhu okuhlanganisiwe ngenxa yokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside: umkhiqizi ugcizelela ukuthi ungasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-30-50. Ukuthola lolu hlobo kungabhekwa njengenzuzo enkulu, ngoba imitha yesigcawu umthengi kuzodingeka akhokhe kusuka kuma-dollar angu-7 ukuya ku-15. Umsebenzi wokufaka ulula ngokwanele, ubuso ngemuva kokulungisa ngokucophelela ukubhekana nemithwalo nemithwalo. Uma ukuthutha akudingeki ukuba nesimo sengqondo esicabangela ngokucophelela, okuyinto enenzuzo engenakuphika.

Izici ze-Onduline

Uma ucabanga ngezinto zokuphahla esitolo, ungakhetha i-ondulin, eheha izindleko ezincane kanye nobungane bomhlaba. Iqukethe amafayili e-cellulose awanele, afakwe izithasiselo ze-bitumen ne-polymer ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa. Igama lesibili yi-euro-sphere, futhi i-aqualaine. Ezimweni zezitshalo, umdwebo udwetshwe ngopende lokushisa lokushisa, oluzosetshenziselwa okukodwa noma ezimbili izendlalelo. Ishidi ngalinye lilinganisa u-6.5 kilogram, futhi linamagagasi okuphakama kwe-3.6 cm. Uma uhlela inani lempahla edingekayo yomsebenzi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ubude bewebhu eyodwa ngamamitha amabili nobubanzi buka-0.96 cm. Izinto zokugqoka zolu hlobo, kufanele uqaphele ubuchwepheshe bokufaka. I- angle encane yomthamo ophahleni wokusetshenziswa kwe-ondulin yizi-6 degrees. Uma umthamo ungadluli amadigri ayi-10, i-crate yenziwa eqinile, inama-longitudinal angu-30 engama-longitudinal. Uma usebenza nge-slope yama-10 kuya kwezingu-15, kubalulekile ukuhlomisa i-crate ngokusebenzisa ibha phakathi kwezinto ezizoba ibanga lika-45 cm. , Okungaphezu kwama-degree angu-15, khona-ke kuyoba khona ibanga elanele phakathi kwezakhi ze-crate lika-60 cm. Ukuze ulungise, kufanele ubeke izipikili ezikhethekile.

Izici ezinhle ze-ondulin

Uma ukhetha izinto zokuphahla, izinhlobo nezindawo zayo kufanele waziwa kuwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuphila kwe-ondulin iminyaka engu-40. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza upende lungase lulahlekelwe ukukhanya kwawo kwangempela. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhokhe ishidi elilodwa lokuqasha ukukhokha ama-dollar angu-5. Mhlawumbe unquma ukukhetha i-ondulin njengempahla yokuphahla ngemuva kokuthi ufunde ukuthi unamanzi amelana nokumelana nokuhlanzeka, ukuhlanzeka, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokukwazi ukuthwala imithwalo yakhe ayikwelezi 960 kg ngomitha wendawo. Isisindo esincane somshini kwenza kube lula ukuthutha nokubeka, futhi emsebenzini wokusebenza ngeke kube khona ubunzima bokusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-hacksaw elula eyenzelwe ukusebenza ngezinkuni. I-Ondulin ihlukaniswa nokungazi lutho kwayo, okubalulekile ezindlini zangasese.

Izici ezimbi ze-ondulin

Ngaphambi kokukhetha indaba engenhla, kufanelekile ukunaka ezinye izici ezingalungile, njengoba okuyinhloko yazo kungabonakaliswa ukuvutha. Umkhawulo wokushisa ungama-degrees angu-110. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3 yokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuba ulungele ukuthi ama-mosses azokwakha ezindaweni ezingekho kahle. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, ungahle uhlele umsebenzi wokulungisa wengubo ye-onduline, njengoba ilula futhi iphuma iphunga le-bitumine.

Izinto zokwakheka kwezinto eziphezulu

Ukuqhekeza izinto zokuphahla kusaziwa nangokuthi i-glass insulation, noma ukungena kwamanzi. Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza amagama abo, kodwa okuqukethwe akuguquki okuningi. Enqubo yokukhiqiza, i-fiberglass, i-fiberglass noma i-polyester isetshenziswa. Izinhlobonhlobo zokugcina ziyimfanelo, kodwa inezindleko eziphezulu. I-fiberglass nayo inezici ezinhle kakhulu, kanti i-fibre yeglasi ayikwazi ukuhluka kwekhwalithi eliphezulu kakhulu. I-base isetshenziselwa i-bitumen ene-oxidized, lapho i-modifier ingeziwe khona ukuze ihlale iqina futhi ifinyeleleke. Lokhu okugcina kungaba styrene-butadiene-styrene noma i-atactic polypropylene. Emva kwalokho, i-polymer ihlanganisiwe, futhi phezulu kubeka isanti, i-mica noma i-shale.

Izici zokubeka

Izinto zokugcoba eziphefumulayo zibekwe nomthambeko, okungafanele ube ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-11. Uma ufuna ukusebenza ngesisekelo esiqinile esenziwe ngekhonkrithi, izinkuni, i- slate flat noma insimbi, khona-ke ukugxila kubeka, futhi phezulu kuhlanganiswe ukungena kwamanzi. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kusetshenziswe i-primer noma i-petroli, ehlakazwa ku-bitumen. I-carpet yokuphahla isetshenziswa ngokushisa kwegesi, kubalulekile ukuqala umsebenzi ovela phansi. I-overlap ekugcineni neyokuphela kumele ibe nobubanzi buka-10 cm.

Izinzuzo zezinto ezifakiwe

Ukubhekana nezinto zokuphahla kungadlulela eminyakeni engama-50, ngeke bakhokhe imali engaphezu kwama-dollar amabili kumitha yesikwele. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, cishe akudingekile ukuba unakekele uphahla, livikela emsindweni, emlilweni nasomswakama. Phakathi kwezici ezinhle kungabonwa ubuhlobo bomhlaba nokungabi nalutho ngokuphelele. Abathengi bakhetha lokhu okuqukethwe ngenxa yesisindo sabo esikhulu.

I-Ruberoid yokuphahla

Uma unquma ukukhetha izinto zokwehla kwe-bituminous, ungathenga izinto zokuphahla, okuyikhasi elithambile lokungena kwamanzi, elisekhadini. Lezi zinsuku zihlanganiswe nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithasiselo kanye ne-petroleum bitumen. Kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuyibeka uma uthengisa izimpahla ngendlela yemigqa. Sebenzisa lokhu ukugqoka kungenziwa kokubili emapulangwe aphansi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusebenza njengesivikelo sezisekelo, izingqimba ezingenhla noma eziphansi zephahla. Emakethe yezimpahla ezihambelanayo, ungathola ukuphahla okulula, okubizwa ngokuthi i-pergamon ne-Euroruberoid.

Uma usebenzisa izinto zokuphahla nokuvimbela amanzi emisebenzini yakho , ungakhetha i-glassine ehambisana nezigaba ezintathu noma ezine, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenzayo iminyaka eyishumi. Ungenza la maqondana nomuntu ngesandla. I-ruberoid engaphenduki, ebizwa nangokuthi i-rubemast, kulula ukuyibeka uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla, kuyilapho ekunye kunemikhakha efanayo yekhwalithi.

I-membrane yokugubha flat

Ngokucubungula izinto zokuphahla, izinhlobo nezindawo zazo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, kungenzeka ukuthenga i-membrane roof roof flat, ubukhulu bayo obuhluka kumamitha ayi-0.8 kuya ku-2. Akuyona imvelo, kodwa ivikela kakhulu emiphumeleni yomlilo nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ungabeka lezi zinto zokuphahla phezu kophahla nganoma yisiphi isiteji, lokhu kungenxa yokuqina kwezingqimba.

Isisekelo singafakwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa okuhle kunazo zonke ukushisa umoya oshisayo. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luzodinga ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile engaqashwa.