Ukubonisa izingcezu e indiza (Ukuthola)

Ikhono ukubonisa kahle ezihlukile indiza ishidi, ngendwangu, futhi yimuphi omunye ebusweni ngokwanele amakhono abalulekile. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukuba abantu kwezobuciko: abadwebi Okugweda, abaculi ingcaca, nabaqambi (izikhala ingaphakathi izakhiwo kanye imvelo wezakhiwo) futhi izazi zesayensi: zezibalo, izazi zesayensi, abaklami abaqambi.

Kodwa lo mlisa ukuze asuke lezi zindawo ukuze ufunde indlela azibonayo zibonisa ukuthi leli zwe elisizungezile nalo libalulekile. Lokhu kusiza ijule ngokungaphezulu ukukuqonda konke yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi. Uma ungenalo imibono olwanele mayelana nendlela ukwenza kahle, khona-ke cishe ngeke okungcono design, isithombe noma umdwebo noma ikuphi okusunguliwe. Okungukuthi, leli khono kubalulekile kokubili elula, imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi babe, esibalulekile ezulwini nasemhlabeni global.

Umlando omncane

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye bazama ebonisa ukuthi abakubona endaweni ababekuyo: abanye abantu, abanye uhlobo isakhiwo bakudala ngalezo zikhathi, izwe elihle ngokumangalisayo zezitshalo nezilwane, nasezintabeni eziphakeme, futhi nje izinto, izinto zasekhaya. Lokho emhlabeni ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo kanye nobuhle.

Kodwa-ke abazange babe inkomba ebonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuba afeze ngokunembile futhi kahle ukubonisa izinto ezahlukene ntathu indiza wayebona isimo njengoba sinjalo ngempela, uyaphila. Kwakukhona umuntu yolwazi olufanele kanye ikakhulukazi akhethekile, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, eyisisekelo kunazo.

Ukukhuluma imithombo ngaphambili ukuthi umdwebo izwe kuqala kwakungumprofethi umugqa owodwa kuphela, okuyinto sagijima sigudla izithunzi womuntu waphonsa yilanga obondeni. Lokho kakhulu ubunjalo aphakanyisiwe, kufanele uhambe beyofuna ikhambi ilungelo le nkinga ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi.

Futhi umbuzo lowo muntu elinezinkathazo ke futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu: wayengafuni ukuba bajabulele leli ozungezayo ngalé uyaphila, yokuqala, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, futhi wazama wasithatha into ngakuthathu indiza. Wenza lokhu ukuze bakwazi ngale ndlela noma ukuhlobisa ikhaya lakho noma indawo engcwele kuye, noma ukuthatha kwakufike iphasela elinezincwadi isithombe bese umuse iyiphi ibanga.

I-geometry sibalo

Futhi noma yini oyishoyo, kodwa iminyaka yayidlula, kungenzeka eminyaka baye badlula, futhi ngandlela-thile ekuthuthukiseni impucuko, abantu baye bafunda ukuthi kancane kancane ukukhombisa Umumo eyinkimbinkimbi Ubukhulu lamabili, lokusho kutsi, indiza. Ngaphandle ukuthi ukunemba ntathu olinganise izinto ukuboniswa avele babe eseduze kakhulu.

Kodwa umbuzo kahle kanjani ukubonisa lezinombolo endizeni futhi kanjani they sihambisana ngobuningi into yokuqala, isibe omunye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngandlela-thile, itsintsa iye yasiza kwesayensi entsha ebizwa ngokuthi Jiyomethri. Noma kunalokho, esigabeni yayo - geometry achazayo.

Lapha-ke, ukutadisha nje bobunjwa izindiza, imigca lecondzile kanye amaphuzu, kanye nobuhlobo babo omunye nomunye - kokubili Ubukhulu amathathu emkhathini mgudumbili.

izindlela ukuguqulwa

Isici esibalulekile e art ukubonisa izibalo indiza isithombe. Phela, eqinisweni, iyona Imprint tintfo letingemadayimenshini lamatsatfu mgudumbili. Okungukuthi, isakhiwo ezoguqulwa elula, okungukuthi, into has a ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama, kudingeka lihunyushelwe indiza.

Futhi achazayo geometry umsebenzi "ukuhwebelana" enjalo, sibonga ezinye izindlela. Imininingwane yabo, kukhona cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kasithupha. Nazi izingane ezintathu eziyinhloko, kanti ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni:

• Ethile (uma into isithombe sisusiwe esikhaleni);
• lelivakalako orthogonal (projector parallel, lapho ray perpendicular indiza);
• etshekile kwelivi (projector e okufanayo, lapho imishayo sithambekele isihlobo ukuba indiza).

Engingakusho nje ibonakala into imaged ngokucacile ngaleso umbono axonometric (okubandakanya orthogonal futhi etshekile). Kodwa ecacile kakhulu futhi weqiniso, kulindeleke njengoba umbono. Futhi kwaba zindlela ezingenhla kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga indlela yokwenza nombukiso izibalo indiza.

ngombono

Ethile phakathi kwezinye izindlela isithombe uthatha indawo ehloniphekile. Ngenxa iso njengomuntu ilensi yekhamera ubona Isikhala ezungezile ngendlela efanayo. Izinto ikude obuka, ngobukhulu bayo bheka ezincane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingasaphathwa, kunangesikhathi aseduze.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha isithombe cube emkhathini. Uma kuyiqiniso, yonke imiphetho kwakhona parallel each nye ngalesosikhathi uma ubheka le into le kude, kungase kubonakale sengathi emaphethelweni bukhomba (noma kufanele bukhomba) ngesinye isikhathi. Futhi, lokho kuyinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu, hhayi nje ukuba beze ndawonye ngesinye isikhathi futhi ube iphuzu elilodwa ukunquma.

Ngenxa amakhosi Renaissance: Albrecht Dürer, Piero della Francesca, Andrea Mantegna, Leon Battista Alberti, ubuciko yesimanje uyazi ukuthi umbono onjalo oqondile yomugqa, indlela ukunquma ukuphakama umkhathizwe kanye nokunyamalala amaphuzu.

A genius edumile emhlabeni wonke - uLeonardo da Vinci - wagomela okokuqala nomqondo ngombono zasemoyeni. Lokhu umbala ushintsho into imibala, bheka umahluko phakathi izinguquko izici zayo (ukwehla njengoba ibanga into).

lelivakalako orthogonal

Orthogonal ngokuthi kwelivi okufanayo, okuyinto iqondiswa ku-line, okuyinto isihlobo perpendicular indiza. Phakathi isicelo into yayo wabuka Ubukhulu zihlala zinjalo. Okungukuthi, into ibonakala ngaphandle ukuhlanekezela.

Kowezi into ngakuthathu njengoba ukubola zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: ohlangothini, phambili phezulu. Futhi ebuka konke ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuba zibeke phansi umbono kanjani into ibukeka ivolumu. Ubukhulu izibalo zihlala zinjalo esithombeni ngakuthathu, kanye ezimbili-ntathu.

lelivakalako etshekile

Lokhu kwelivi selihlukene laba zenyathi eziningana, okuyilezi:

• buka icwecwe eliqophayo;
• lelivakalako dimetric;
• Trimetric.

Ngo icwecwe eliqophayo ukuhlanekezela okuza zonke izimbazo 3 (ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama). Okungukuthi engele phakathi izimbazo zithathwa ngababili degrees 120. Ngo dimetric - 2-eksisi ukuhlanekezela alinganayo kanti eyesithathu lihlukile. Futhi Trimetric zonke okuza ukuhlanekezela (isb, kuwo wonke ama-axe 3) zihlukile.

izibalo Ukujikeleza

Lapho ligijima unxantathu kwesokudla kanye i-eksisi yanoma yimuphi omunye ezimbili imilenze eceleni wesithathu (i-hypotenuse) ichaza isimo esisha, okuthiwa a Isigaxa. Futhi uma uphendukisa isikwele (isikwele) kwenye ezinhlangothini zalo, sithola isilinda. Lapho ligijima isingasiyingilizi ngeke Sphere.

It kulandela ukuthi indiza ligijima kanye i-eksisi, sithola lo okuthiwa Ukujikeleza sibalo.

Lezi zinombolo abe-eksisi ukujikeleza. Indlela babheka indiza incike ukubekwa zawo ezilinganiselwe ukuze nehlo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangothi engenhla nengezansi uMbhalo, eqinisweni, amelela okulandelayo. Futhi uma ubheka nabo indiza, Babukeka njengezihlahla ellipses.

Kodwa umsebenzi iba kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu uma benza namabalazwe ngekwendzawo izibalo ababebeka sithambekele indiza axis. Kubalulekile ukuthi wabuka ukujikeleza of izidumbu equidistant kusukela ahlangene yokugcina.

Nasi obangelwa ukukhanya nethunzi

Indima ebalulekile ekuboniseni izingcezu phezu chiaroscuro indiza nokudlala. Ngoba ngobuningi into ukuboniswa kudalwa hhayi nje ngenxa yezinkulumo imigqa kodwa nangokuzama ukusatshalaliswa okukahle kokukhanyayo isithunzi ezinhlangothini zalo. Futhi ke ubukeka ngempela voluminous endizeni we ebusweni mgudumbili.

Ngakho-ke lezi zibalo indiza ukubonisa, yencazelo yobukhulu bawo, ikakhulukazi lesifanele Imbondela nje ngisahlose lokho kanye amnyama kungenzeka ukuba afeze ngenxa zindlela ezingenhla. Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuye kwabonakala ngempela izindlela ezisetshenziswa ehola ongoti besikhathi sethu.