Ukotini Wekhethelo eyenziwe i-polyester. Ukukhiqizwa polyester Imicu yotshani

ukukhiqizwa Chemical - umthombo enkulu ingcebo womuntu. Phela, konke kusuka izimpahla zasendlini ukuze izingubo, kwenziwa futhi ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo isayensi.

A indima ekhethekile ezahlukene amakhemikhali endwangwini, okuyinto uthole isicelo emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni.

Ukwahlukanisa imicu chemical

Zonke Imicu yotshani ezenziwe umuntu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu.

1. Artificial - yilawo zisekelwe polymer yemvelo, kodwa ekuphatheni kanye udini sesigcilikisha ngqo kwenzeka iqhaza izindlela physicochemical.
2. Zokwenziwa - Imicu yotshani okuyizinto ngqo endaweni yokucwaninga (ezimbonini) izimo. Zisekelwe evamile ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo izakhi aguqulwa phakathi macromolecules ngu polymerization ukusabela.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Imicu yotshani yokufakelwa and zokwenziwa futhi babe ngezigaba zabo nezibonelo. Cabanga elinye libe amasampula zokwenziwa.

Bangakwazi ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Isakhiwo esikiselwa carbon chain, kanye nezindlela ukwakha ubuhlobo.

1. Carbochain nezindwangu zokwenziwa. I chain main yakhiwe ngokuqinile carbon athomu, oxhumene by ezivamile sigma-uhlobo izibopho. ngempela inqwaba amasampula akunakubangelwa leli qembu. Ngokwesibonelo, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyvinyl utshwala.
2. Heterochain nezindwangu zokwenziwa. Libhekene ngokufaka carbon ku heteroatoms macrochain - nitrogen, isibabule, phosphorus kanye nabanye. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa Imicu yotshani ezifana: i-polyester, polyurethane, polyamide.

Uma sikhuluma ukusetshenziswa ke basembonini yendwangu, ukubaluleka ezichazwe yilabo abamele ezahlukene. Ngakho, i-fibre yokufakelwa kusebenza kakhulu izingubo, amashidi, amathawula kanye nezinye izinto zasekhaya nelineni. Nakuba zikhona ezehlukile, lapho Indwangu enjalo isetshenziswa ubuciko.

Engama synthetic chemicals endwangwini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kakhulu efanele ngaphezulu ukwakhiwa, ubunjiniyela, umkhakha, kunokuba ekhaya. Ukuhlolisisa ncamashi polyester intambo izindwangu kuzo futhi izicelo.

Ukotini Wekhethelo eyenziwe polyester: umbono jikelele

Kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali buka, lo mkhiqizo - lokhu kuwumphumela nokuxhumana terephthalic acid C ₈ H ₆ O ₄ futhi ethylene glycol, a dihydric utshwala C ₂ H ₆ O _2. Ngenxa yalokho, i-eziyinkimbinkimbi polymerization ukuphendula yakha zinhlayiya esicacile noma elimhlophe, ine impahla ebalulekile - viscosity. Ukuze wenze kanjalo ukushisa yabo. Kuyinto ngalesi ukulungiselela esithile Imicu yotshani esekelwe ngokuqondile izidakamizwa.

Amazinga ukuncibilika lezi zinto ezingenhla 260 ⁰ C. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ngenhloso ezimbonini. Kunezindlela eziningana anezakhi ezikhethekile emimoya Imicu yotshani ezinjalo.

1. Zokwenziwa polyester lokuluhlaza zingamelana izixazululo of acid, alkalis.
2. Akukona chaza emanzini, uketshezi, uhlobo organic.
3. Ingabe i yisivikelo, it is cishe hhayi ukuqhuba ugesi.
4. Imikhiqizo wayiqinisa, okuhlala kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa.

Ukuba zokwenziwa ngokuphelele indalo, lezi lokuluhlaza njengabakhulu ngezindlela eziningi ukuba izici lobuchwepheshe textile of kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba eziningi ezenziwe umuntu.

izindlela zokukhiqiza

Ngokusho incazelo ezandulele kufanele kube i-polyester yokukhiqiza terephthalic acid. Nokho, layo impahla ngokomzimba kancane ukuba kuhlalwe obunobunye futhi ngokushesha polymerization ukuphendula ethylene glycol, ngakho-ke alisetshenziswa ifomu okumsulwa, njengoba ester. Its Igama - dimethyl terephthalic acid ester kwegama elifanayo, esifushanisiwe njengoba DMT.

Ngakho-ke, womshini polyester fibre yakhiwa elandelanayo chemical izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

• namachibi ingxube ka esters ka para-xylene, isb ukulungiswa ukuqala izinto;
• esterification, ie ukukhiqizwa kwe-ester DMT;
• Ziphuzo zazihluzwa futhi ukuhlanzwa umkhiqizo okuholela;
• DMT recrystallization ukuthola impahla okumsulwa.

Walungisa ngokusho yalolu ketshezi isikimu ukulungele ukungena umjikelezo olandelayo ukusabela ukuthi umphumela futhi babe polyester (polyester). Kuthatha indawo izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. Transesterification etholwe DMT nge ethylene glycol. Umphumela - diglycol futhi ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo polyesters.
2. Polycondensation etholwe isinyathelo sokuqala phakathi kwemikhiqizo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka polietilentereftalatat viscous.

Manje kukuwe ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe. Ingqikithi is idlule ekhethekile encane prodavlivaya spinneret, futhi ngaleyo ndlela Imicu yotshani lelungiselelwe. On ukupholisa bona crystallize. kucutshungulwe is zisishulwe, nokuhlanzwa kanye Umbala.

Igama lezinto

emazweni ahlukahlukene lokukhicitwa asetshenziselwa le micu. Polyester nezindwangu zokwenziwa esimweni ngasinye lethiwa, ngakho Ziningi omqondofana. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

1. ERussia --polyester, polyether, i-polyester.
2. EMelika - Dacron.
3. United Kingdom - Terylene.
4. Japan - teteron.
5. France - tergalii.

Nokho, njengoba ziso- kungukuthi esibizwa, kanye izakhiwo akukashintshi futhi isicelo kakhulu.

Polyester Material: Izakhiwo

Phakathi kwe-aspect main omuhle ka Dacron kuzomele sifake izici ezifana:

• creasing ezimbi;
• Ukumelana umlilo;
• Ukumelana ukukhanya;
• ukuqina;
• amandla kanye umsungulo, olubushelelezi;
• ukumelana ezihogelwayo kakhulu, kanye acid kanye alkalis;
• yokuntuleka nemihuzuko;
• Indwangu ayisekeli ukuthuthukiswa eziphilayo (isikhunta, izibungu, amagciwane, njll);
• nomthelela ukumelana;
• ukumelana ngilulekela.

Yiqiniso, iqoqo ukusebenza esiqondile singasisiza kungaqashelwa. Yingakho isicelo imikhiqizo kusuka polyester ezilungele ubanzi kakhulu, esehlanganise imikhakha iningi emnothweni.

Nokho, zikhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki. Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele ichasiselwe kuye:

• Kunzima umbala, ngakho imibala ezicebile futhi egqamile kulezi kwezicubu ingekho;
• gesi kakhulu, njengoba dielectrics ngokwabo;
• uma uthatha bangempela, hhayi kusetshenzwe by izindlela olukhethekile-polyester, kuyoba ezinzima impahla ngokwanele.

Zonke nemibi efakwe ohlwini kuyaqedwa kalula anezele izinto ezithile enqubeni ukukhiqizwa fiber. Ngakho-ke, inani eningi, abanayo.

Imicu yotshani eziyize

Lolu hlobo lwe-polyester ntambo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni nobunjiniyela futhi lisetshenziswa lapho. Nakuba zikhona ezehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ezifana hollofayber ngubani bathola isiphephelo basembonini yendwangu.

Le micu eziyize asetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza:

• fiberglass;
• zokwakha;
• zifudumele izinto;
• imikhiqizo umsakazo.

Asetshenziswa njengezitolo amafilithi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Sekuyisikhathi eside Hollofayber ngenxa izici zayo ngokuvamile ngelinye feather yemvelo futhi phansi basembonini yendwangu. Waba uhlobo eyinhloko yamathebhu ezihlalweni, izingubo zokulala, izingubo kanye nezinye izinto.

Imicu yotshani Ball siliconized

Lena mkhiqizo eziyisisekelo womshini kakhulu elithambile, eco-friendly futhi okungezona allergenic zokulala. Imicu yotshani ezinjalo kusetshenziswa njengoba fillers ngoba Quilts futhi imicamelo.

Kungani ukuzisebenzisa? Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu izici lobuchwepheshe.

1. Musa ungamunca umswakama.
2. Obuzivuselelayo futhi nokunwebeka.
3. Amenable ukuba umshini wokuwasha, elula futhi kulula ukuyinakekela bese usebenzisa.
4. Abanalo nephunga.
5. Musa abangele komzimba.
6. Ziyakwazi esisemqoka ukuthuthukiswa nezilwanyana ezincane.

Konke lokhu kunikeza towball Polyester fibre njengoba ifenisha yamathebhu, izingubo zokulala kanye izingubo inzuzo kucace phezu "nozakwabo" yemvelo zemvelo: phansi, feather.

Ububi kuyinto ukuphila emifushane kuqhathaniswa izinto zemvelo. Nokho, izindleko imikhiqizo efana ngokulandelana ngezansi.

fibre okuyisisekelo

Phakathi imicu polyester usesikhundleni esikhethekile endaweni ukushintshashintsha enjalo yalo, njengoba ntambo okuyisisekelo. Kuyinto isitshalo yabo ukhiqiza nezindwangu zokwenziwa ngokwezinga elikhulu kunabanye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo elinjalo esetshenziselwa ukwenza le ntambo ngokwayo, bese ukwaziswa yezingubo, indwangu kanye nokunye.

Ngokuvamile-ke ngokuthi okuyisisekelo Imicu yotshani kwakhiwa kusukela inhlanganisela ivumelane yoboya noma ukotini polyester. Lokhu Symbiosis kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba athole lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izinto:

• imvunulo;
• coat;
• lace;
• amahembe;
• kwesihenqo;
• ingubo;
• wazizwa;
• ukhaphethi;
• noboya.

Ngokusobala, kungaba kweminye imikhiqizo ithungwe futhi wenziwe izingxenye ezifana.

ntambo Kobuchwepheshe polyester

Le micu zisetshenziselwa ukwenza zinhlobo ezilandelayo imikhiqizo:

• ukudoba amanetha futhi trawls;
• sezindophi abese izintambo;
• amapayipi amanzi ngoba imikhiqizo kaphethiloli;
• ngendwangu;
• ibhande;
• emotweni nama drive amabhande;
• isondo intambo;
• ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa futhi filtration izinto.

lokuluhlaza okunjalo akunakubangelwa okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla fibre ozwakala.

Ukukhiqizwa polyester izinto

Yini neminye imikhiqizo ingenziwa polyester? Ukubaluleka olukhethekile izinto ezinjalo, ezisetshenziswa njengendlela yamathebhu, siye kakade kuchaziwe ngenhla. Vele ufuna ukwengeza ukuthi hollofayber ihlinzeka ontofontofo kakhulu futhi ukhululekile futhi efudumele futhi ngengubo ukukhanya. Polyester fibre ebhizinisini yendwangu kumane Irreplaceable kanye njalo ngonyaka ukubaluleka ephakeme kanye liyaphuma ephakeme.

Futhi esetshenziswa polyester okulandelayo izinhlobo izindwangu :

• taffeta;
• crepe;
• knitwear;
• crimplene;
• Mel.

Benza izingubo, tulle lamakhetheni, izimfanelo ebabazekayo nokunye.

Olunye uhlobo umsebenzi esisebenzayo womuntu, ezisetshenziswa i-polyester - kuyinto ukuhlinzwa. Medicine kubhekwe ukuthi kungenzeka esikhiqiza izitsha yokufakelwa igazi intambo kuhlinzwa ka-polyester. Yiqiniso, kusiza Imisebenzi eminingi esindisa impilo.

Izibuyekezo imikhiqizo futhi lokhu fibre

Njengoba sazi ukuthi, ngaphezu izici ezinhle, izinto polyester ezisekelwe kusadingeka nemibi, akubona bonke abantu weneliseka imikhiqizo. Uma kuziwa izicelo isakhiwo, akunakungatshazwa ingxabano: Dacron - umholi. Nokho, ukukhuluma imikhiqizo yendwangu nezingubo, kufanele kuphawulwe nokuhlukile. ukubukwa Negative futhi ngokuvumelanayo uthola i-polyester fibre. Uphenyo lolu hlobo zisekelwe ukushiyeka nezicubu ngokwayo - gesi futhi ukuphila elinganiselwe.

Nokho, abantu abaningi bacabange ukuthi polyester omunye ukhululekile kakhulu, amahle eliphezulu ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje. Ngakho-ke, izingubo, izinto zasekhaya nezingubo zokulala ezenziwe ngale zinto kuphela zithandwe eminyakeni.

Uma ubheka izibuyekezo imicamelo nezingubo zokulala ngesisekelo-polyester, iningi lazo usazoba omuhle, okuyinto ngempela kulingane futhi engenzeleli.