Ubani owabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"? Biography kanye umsebenzi kaRudolf Erich Raspe

Indoda omdadlana ngihleli iziko, etshela izindaba, akunangqondo futhi umnandi kakhulu, funny kakhulu futhi izinkolelo 'eziyiqiniso' ... Kubonakala sengathi isikhathi esithile kuzodlula, futhi umfundi enquma ukuthi kungenzeka ukudonsa ngokwalo ngaphandle ixhaphozi, ukuqonda izinwele, ukuze ujike ngaphakathi ngaphandle impisi , thola isigamu ihhashi ukuthi ukuphuza amathani amanzi futhi awukwazi zicime ukoma kwazo.

izindaba ajwayelekile, akunjalo? Mayelana Baron Munchausen wezwa konke. Ngisho nabantu abangafuni ngempela uthole kanye belles Ama-eReaders, sibonga ebhayisikobho uzokwazi ukuya uhlu ambalwa izindaba kumnandi ngaye. Omunye umbuzo: "Ubani owaloba inganekwane" The Adventures of Baron Munchausen "?" Maye, igama Rudolph Raspe akazi wonke umuntu. Futhi noma ngabe umdali bangempela umlingisi? baxgeki Literary namanje ukuthola amandla uxabana ngale ndaba. Nokho, izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Ubani owaloba incwadi "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"?

Unyaka lokuzalwa yomlobi esizayo - 1736 th. Uyise wayengumGreki isisebenzi sikahulumeni kanye itoho emayini, kanye lover eziyihlazo amaminerali. Lokho kungase kucacise ukuthi kungani neminyaka yakhe yakudala Raspe wachitha cishe ezimayini. Wathunyelelwa imfundo eyisisekelo, okuyinto waqhubeka University of Gottingen. Okokuqala wathatha kwesokudla bese ethumba ngesayensi yemvelo. Ngakho, lutho wabonisa yakhe wokuzilibazisa esizayo - kolimi, futhi akukho izimpawu ukuthi kuyoba omunye owabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen."

eminyakeni ezayo

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-edolobheni lakubo, akhetha nemisebenzi yakhe umabhalane bese njengonobhala wo- emtatsheni wezincwadi. Esengummemezeli Raspe wangenela in 1764, enikeza emhlabeni imisebenzi Leibniz, ngubani, ngenhlanhla ziye enikelwe ikusasa sibonelo 'adventure ". Ngesikhathi, wabhala inoveli "Hermine futhi Gunilda", waba uprofesa futhi umsebenzi njengomnakekeli walowo iKhabhinethi Antique. SaseWestphalia luhamba zifuna imibhalo yesandla yasendulo, futhi izinto bese kudlule isikhathi eside iqoqo (Maye, hhayi yayo). Raspe Kugcine uphathiswe ikhumbula ukwethenjelwa kwalo okuqinile kanye nesipiliyoni. Futhi, kwacaca ukuthi, ngeze! Lowo wabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen," wayengeyena umuntu ocebile kakhulu, ngisho nabampofu, ephoqa ukuya ngecala futhi ukuthengisa ingxenye iqoqo. Nokho, Raspe lakwazi ukugwema isijeziso, kodwa kwenzeka kanjani kunzima ukusho. Bathi umuntu othile owayephunyukile Bazobopha wezwa, futhi umxhwele isipho sakhe yemlandzi, bavunyelwe ukubaleka. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba sibhekene kakhulu le Raspe - labo wabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"! Kungaba kanjani ngenye?

Ukubukeka inganekwane

Umlando, le vicissitudes ezihlobene kushicilelwe lesi inganekwane, eqinisweni, abe ngaphansi ezithakazelisayo kuka ukuzidela protagonist yayo. Ngo-1781, e-"kumhlahlandlela kubantu abayizinkonkoni" ukuhlangabezana izindaba kuqala nge ziqinile futhi ongumninimandla ixhegu. Akwaziwa owabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen." Umbhali wakuthola kudingekile ukuhlala ithunzi. It okungukuthi onkwenzeka Raspe wathatha njengesisekelo zabo umsebenzi, okuyinto kuye kwahlanganiswa umlandzi sibalo, ngamademoni ubuqotho futhi ukuphelela (ngokungafani kuya odlule version). Tales zalotshelwa ngesiNgisi, futhi isimo lapho umlingisi oyibamba main, ukuhlukanisa luyingxenye isiNgisi, ziye zahlobana kolwandle. Incwadi kakhulu efanayo uJesu wazalwa uhlobo isixwayiso aqondiswe amanga.

Khona-ke inganekwane lahunyushelwa German (benza imbongi Gottfried Burger), kulekelelwa futhi sichitshiyelwe ngokufaka umbhalo elandulelayo. Futhi ushintsho lwaluthatha isikhathi esibalulekile ukuze namajenali ezinkulu zezemfundo ohlwini labo wabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen", amagama amabili avele - Raspe futhi Burger.

prototype

baron Sexy kwadingeka zangempela sibonelo. Igama lakhe kwakungu-, like uhlamvu etemibhalo - Munchausen. By the way, inkinga ukudluliselwa nesibongo German wahlala ezingaxazululeki. UKorney Chukovsky waqamba ukhetho "Munchausen," kodwa izinhlelo yesimanje egameni hero sangena uhlamvu "g".

Baron Real, kakade ukuguga, wayithanda ukutshela mayelana ekuzingeleni kwakhe ezamehlela eRussia. Abafundi bakhumbula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ezinjalo a umlandzi umuntu obanika impilo, waqala gesticulate, bese kuleyo ndoda ethembekile kwakuzwakala izindaba amazing. Babé kuthandwa, ngisho ukuya cindezela. Yiqiniso, inani edingekayo, beqinisekisa ukungamethembi uRamaphosa sihlonishwa, kodwa abantu olazi Baron wayazi ngubani sibonelo lezi izindaba ezinhle.

iminyaka Kugcine nokufa

Ngo-1794, umlobi uzama ukubeka eyami e-Ireland, kodwa waqaphela ngalawo mapulani kuvimbe ukufa. Okusho Raspe izincwadi ukuqhubeka likhulu. Ngaphezu kokusungulwa umlingisi, okuyinto kakade isibe zakudala, cishe kusuka ekuqaleni (nge yonke imininingwane izindaba indalo, okuyinto oshiwo ngenhla), Raspe wadonsela ukunaka abantu ababephila ngesikhathi kuya izinkondlo zamaJalimane lasendulo. Libuye omunye lokuqala ayezizwa ngaleyo "Songs of Ossian" - mbumbulu, nakuba akazange aphike amasiko abo.