Ummeleli wezomthetho omncane namalungelo akhe

Umthetho waseRussia onjani ngokomthetho wommeleli wezingane osemthethweni uthini? Yimiphi imithombo esemthethweni elungisa izinhlinzeko kubamele bengane? Zonke lezi zindaba nezinye eziningi ziyisisekelo emkhakheni womndeni kanye nomthetho wezomthetho. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngokubukwa okuningiliziwe kwesimo sezomthetho sabameli bezomthetho zabantwana.

Ubani ongabizwa ngokuthi ummeleli wezomthetho?

Ekuphileni, kuvame ukubhekana nokuphulwa komthetho. Ngezinye izikhathi hhayi kuphela ngabantu abadala, kodwa nabantwana, okungukuthi izakhamuzi ezingakafiki eminyakeni engu-18, ziphula umugqa ovunyelwe. Abantu abanjalo abanakukwazi ukuthola iqoqo lamalungelo, ngoba ayinakukwazi. Izithakazelo ezisemthethweni zezingane enkantolo zingamelwa izihlobo zazo. Ngokusho kwe-Article 52 ye-Civil Procedure Code yaseRussian Federation, abazali, abazali abamukelayo, ababheki noma abaphathiswa bangasebenza njengommeli womthetho.

Uma kungumbuzo wecala, khona-ke ummeleli wezomthetho ungummangalelwa wengane yakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthetho, ikakhulukazi Isigaba 64 soMthetho weMndeni we-Russian Federation, uthi abantu abadala abanaso isibopho sokumelela izithakazelo zabantwana babo - kodwa kwezinye izimo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuvela lapho kuqubuzana phakathi kwabazali nezingane ekupheleni kokuthengiselana. Ngokwemvelo, le mithetho ngeke isebenze ezimweni lapho ingane iba yinkinga yecala. Lapha umzali unomsebenzi wokumela ingane yakhe.

Kungani udinga ummeleli wezomthetho omncane?

Ngomuntu ongenakwazi, umbuso awukwazi ukufaka izicelo zomphakathi. Isakhamuzi esingakafiki eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye asikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amalungelo akhe. Yingakho umthwalo wengane uhlala emahlombe abazali bakhe.

Lo mkhuba uqaliswa kuwo wonke amazwe asethuthukile emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yenza noma yikuphi ukwephula umthetho, umthwalo wemfanelo ngeke ube phezu kwakhe, kodwa kubameli bakhe bezomthetho. Umuntu omncane nje akakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo ozobekwa uhulumeni kuye.

Ukubamba iqhaza lommeleli wezomthetho enkantolo encane

Abazali, ababheki noma abagcini bomthetho bangabamba njengabameli bezomthetho ezinkantolo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngesikhathi sokuvivinywa nasekupheleni kokuthengiswa kwempahla. Okokuqala, kufanele sicabangele icala lokuqala.

Kuyinto engavamile ukuba izingane ezincane zibandakanyeke ezinkambisweni zobugebengu. Akunjalo njengabaphikisi: ikakhulukazi njengabasolwa noma ngisho nofakazi. Kulesi simo, abazali kumele bavele ngaphambi kwenkantolo. Amaphi amalungelo azoba nawo?

Emalungelo Ommeli Wezomthetho Womuntu Omncane

Umzali, umgcini noma umlondolozi wengane kumele ahlanganyele ngenqubo yobugebengu. Kumelwe ahambele imibuzo ngane, aqaphele ukukhishwa kwamalungelo omncane, abe khona kuzo zonke izikhalazo zenkantolo kanye nokuzwa. Amalungelo nemisebenzi yommeleli wezomthetho kuzofaka:

• Ukuqonda lokho asolwa ngakho;
• Ukuvikelwa okugcwele kwamalungelo wengane;
• Ukuzijwayeza kanye nezinto zokwenza icala ;
• Ukungeniswa okwesikhashana kwezinkulumo nezinselele;
• Ukuthola izaziso nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo zamadokhumenti, ukuxhumana nabo;
• Hamba, uma kunesidingo, ummeli, futhi ubambisane naye.

Umsebenzi wommeli wommeli omncane osolwayo uzohlanganisa nokubhaliswa kwayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi icala, lapho ummangalelwa noma umzali engumzali noma umlondolozi wengane encane, uqobo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi engavamile. Yingakho kufanelekile ukugqamisa amalungelo amaningana ommeli wesakhamuzi esincane.

Isigaba esikhethekile samalungelo

Mayelana nokuthi kungakanani empeleni ukugcinwa kwerekhodi lobugebengu bezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene kanye nezici, kuphela umuntu ohlanganyele ngokushesha kulolu hlelo angaba nomqondo. Uma umzali, umgcini noma umgcini wezokuphepha ethola ukuthi ingane yakhe iba yingxenye yecala, kufanele uqashe ngokushesha ummeli. Kuzosiza ukuqedela inqubo ngokuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma ingane idinga ukuxoxwa, amaphoyisa ayazisa ummeli wakhe wezomthetho. Amacala angekho emthethweni uma ingane ibuzwa, futhi umzali wakhe akasoli lutho ngalokhu. Amaphoyisa aphikisana nemigomo ebekwe ngumthetho. Akuvumelekile ukusongela ingane, ukumhlukumeza noma ummeli wakhe.

Ummeli wengane kumele futhi afake isicelo sokuvikela ingane, uma lo mbuso engufakazi. Ukuvimbela lokhu, yiqiniso, akekho ongakwazi. Uma kungenjalo, isakhamuzi kumele sisebenze ngokushesha ehhovisi lomshushisi.

Abamele umthwalo wemfanelo

Isistimu yezobugebengu yanamuhla isakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ingane ithola umonakalo okungenani kunqubo eqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kwenziwa uphenyo, umthetho kumele ume eceleni kommangalelwa uma esemncane. Kubonakala kuwumsebenzi wabameli bezomthetho womsolwa omncane noma osolwa ngokusebenzisa amalungelo abo. Uma, noma kunjalo, umzali, umgcini noma umqaphi uthatha isinqumo sokungazicabangeli ngokujulile ekuqhubeni, khona-ke lokhu kuzobhekwa njengokunganakwa komsebenzi wakhe. Ukungasebenzi okunjalo kubangela ingane ingozi enkulu. Abazali abangalaleli bazoxoshwa futhi bahlawuliswe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ummeleli omusha uzoqokwa kumntwana - manje kusuka kuhulumeni.

Izinhlobo zabamele abameli

Ngokuvamile, ubugebengu kanye namacala azinikezwe yizingane ezishiye ngaphandle kwabazali. Abantu abanjalo basesimweni sikahulumeni. Njengomthetho, uma kwenzeka isikhungo secala lobugebengu, ummeli wabo wezomthetho uba isisebenzi seyunithi yokwakha yesigungu esiphezulu.

Uhlu oluphelele lwabantu abangaba ngummeli wommeli omncane noma ummangali lubhalwe eMthethweni We-Federal kanye ne-Code of Procedure Criminal ku-Russian Federation. Lolu hlu alufaki, isibonelo, uthisha noma umqondisi weziko lemfundo lapho ingane encane, umfowabo noma udadewabo, ugogo wakhe noma umalume efundiswa, uma bengabanamathenda noma abazali abamukelayo.

Ukwenziwa komsebenzi

I-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation ihlukanisa izingane zibe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-juveniles, okungukuthi, angaphansi kweminyaka engu-14, nabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-14 no-18. Isigaba sesibili sinamandla angaphezulu emkhakheni wokuqeda ukuthengiselana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isiphetho esizimele sesivumelwano, ukusayina kwamadokhumenti nokuningi okuningi. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu abasha kungenzeka kuphela ngokubamba iqhaza kwabameli babo bezomthetho. Ukumela kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuletha ipasipoti, isitifikedi sokuzalwa kwengane, isitifiketi sokutholwa noma ukugcinwa. Umuntu omdala kumele asayine amadokhumenti kumntanakhe, aphethe izivumelwano futhi asebenzisane ngqo nokuphila kwabantwana ngenxa yakhe. Njengomthetho, lokhu kubhaliswa kwengane enkulisa, ukungena esikoleni, njll.