U-Aleksey Plescheev: Biography. Iminyaka yokuphila imbongi sika Pleshcheeva

Nikolay Alekseevich Plescheev, biography okuzokwenziwa efingqiwe sihloko, kuyinto omele eliqavile nezazi Russian kwekhulu XIX. Wayengumlobi nesazi, imbongi, umhumushi, umhlaziyi tetemibhalo, isishoshovu kwezenhlalo futhi izinguquko.

Ukuqala enkambweni yokuphila

Pleshcheeva ukuphila wayegcwele izenzakalo, ecebile amaqiniso emnandi. umbhali Wazalelwa emkhayeni, okungeyentatheli umndeni lasendulo zasebukhosini. Lo mcimbi ojabulisayo esenzeka ebusika ekuqaleni ka 1825 e Kostroma. Kusukela 1826 umndeni waqale wahlala Nizhny Novgorod, lapho inkonzo yomphakathi kayise imbongi kudluliswa. Nokho, kungakabiphi, lo yomkhaya uyafa, futhi umfana wahlala anakekele unina.

Ngo-1839, ikusasa imbongi Pleshcheev nalo bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile e Petersburg. Lapha wanquma ukuchitha ukuphila kwakhe kwezempi iya esikoleni unogada ase-ensigns nabamahhashi amasosha. Kodwa, njengoba ayeke wafunda e isikole iminyaka emibili, le nsizwa uyaqaphela ukuthi akusiyo injongo yawo. Ushiya ngasemuva esikoleni bese engena University of Petersburg phezu ubuhlakani zomlando nefilosofi. Isihloko isifundo sakhe izilimi empumalanga.

Circle Pleshcheeva ajwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi kakade ebanzi kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani bakhe abasha. Uyayazi ezinjalo abantu abadumile njengoba Pletnev, Grigorovich, Krajewski, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX entsheni ahlukile lalibhekwa ehlonishwayo ukuba ezihlukahlukene ukunyakaza komphakathi, amakilabhu, amaqembu. Angazi uhlale ngaphandle izitayela yesimanje kanye Pleshcheev abasha. Biography imbongi ugcwele ulwazi mayelana nokubamba lakhe izinhlangano ezinjalo, kuhlanganise izinguquko. Zonke lezi izinto zokuzilibazisa babe nentshisekelo kanye nethonya eliqondile on isiphetho imbongi.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwethonya umphumela Beketov, owayehola elinye lamaqembu umfundi, Pleshcheev engasenandaba izifundo zabo futhi wayishiya phansi iyunivesithi e 1845 ngaphandle kokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqala ukuya emihlanganweni Petrashevsky mug. Kodwa Luhambo ekhethekile ngesikhathi imbongi esincane sasikanye mug Durov, wabusa okungaka yezombangazwe ngokuthi izithakazelo etemibhalo.

Imisebenzi ekuseni

izinkondlo Pleshcheeva kwaqala ukubonakala ukuphrinta kusukela 1844, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini ngaleso sikhathi elalaziwa ngokuthi "Amanothi we lawobaba", "Contemporary", "Literary iGazethi", "Library Ukufunda". Amavesi eziphathelene enkathini yokuqala lokusungula, kusobala ukuthi wayenomuzwa umthelela imisebenzi Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova.

Izinkondlo Pleshcheeva isisusa esingokwemvelo yokudabuka, isizungu, romance. Engxenyeni ye forties imbongi lyric ligcwele amandla yombhikisho yesibili, ucingo ukulwa nokungabikhona kobulungiswa. Uhlamvu wamavukelambuso zezinkondlo Pleshcheeva kwaqashelwa kokubili abalandeli ithalente lakhe, kanye neziphathimandla.

iminyaka besekudingisweni

Ngo 1849 eMoscow, kanye nabanye khulula-ongqondongqondo ababengabendlu Petrashevists, waboshwa futhi Pleshcheev. Biography imbongi ahlanganiswe kwelinye ikhasi zokuphila. Ngemva kokuboshwa kwakhe wayiswa inqaba Petersburg, lapho eboshelwe izinyanga ezingaba yisishiyagalombili. Disemba 22 ngesikhathi ekundleni yenhlawulo Semenov kulindeleke, okuyinto ngomzuzu wokugcina salandelwa iminyaka emine sokusebenza kanzima, bokuhlukaniswa wonke amalungelo isimo ifa kanye isikhundla.

Pleshcheev wathunyelwa emzini Uralsk, ngendlela ehlukile Orenburg amabutho, njengoba sangasese. Kusukela 1852 isevisi wathatha indawo Orenburg, lapho i-kokufaneleka ekhethekile wakhushulwa isikhundla sokuba isikhulu non-ethunywe, futhi isikhundla waleli phoyisa 1856 kwabuyiselwa. Ngo-1857, Nikolayu Alekseevichu Plescheevu sabuyiswa futhi isihloko wohlanga olukhulu.

Phakathi iminyaka besekudingisweni imbongi ukuthuthela eduze abantu abaseduze naye emoyeni, ezifana Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, imbongi Mikhailov, abavukeli Polish. Futhi ngokushintsha isosha esihlatshelelwayo imbongi. Ngo izinkondlo kukhona ngobuqotho, self Bheka ezinye izici zokuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iza umjikelezo izinkondlo eziphathelene uthando isosha esihlatshelelwayo. Abasebenzelana ngayo unkosikazi esizayo UNikolai.

ngemva izixhumanisi

Iminyaka yokuphila imbongi sika Pleshcheeva zingahlukaniswa zibe nezikhathi ezimbili - ngaphambi nangemuva isixhumanisi. Isikhathi esichithwe ezinzima, kuphela inhliziyo umlingisi imbongi, kodwa akuzange kumenze ashintshe imibono ezithuthukayo.

Ngo 1858 Pleshcheev ifika Petersburg wahlangana lapha Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Nekrasov. Ngo-1859, wathuthela bahlala eMoscow. Nangu imatasa nemisebenzi yobuciko. Ngezinye recital ukuthi Pleshcheev ahlelwe endlini yakhe, kwakukhona abameleli ovelele nezazi isiRashiya, ezifana uLeo Tolstoy, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Turgenev, uPyotr Tchaikovsky neminye abalobi, izimbongi, abalingisi, abaculi.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

Eminyakeni eminingi Pleshcheeva ukuphila zanikezelwa imisebenzi zemfundo, eyayintula orientation Pedagogical. Ngo-1861, kanye Berg wanyathelisa Anthology "Incwadi Wezingane" ngo-1873, ngo-nokubambisana nayo Alexandrov livela iqoqo izingane, okuyinto wabeka imisebenzi engcono kwezincwadi Russian zakudala yesimanje. Ngaphezu izincwadi tetemibhalo, ekuthatheni isinyathelo Pleshcheeva ukuqoqwa okutholiwe zemfundo futhi ulwazi lwesifundo. Ubude abakulungiselweyo futhi benyathelisa izincwadi eziyisikhombisa lwaletinye tifundvo.

Umbhali kanye umhumushi

Ngaleyo minyaka Pleshcheeva ukuphila, lapho esebenza njengoba umhumushi, wabonakalisa zonke ithalente lakhe etemibhalo. ivesi izinguqulo eziningi kusukela isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiNgisi, Izilimi zesiSlavic, wenza Nikolaem Alekseevichem, namanje kubhekwa okungcono. Ngokuvamile, imbongi wasiphakamisa imisebenzi okungekho muntu phambi kwakhe akazange nokuhumushela olimini Russian. Peru Pleshcheeva ephethwe futhi ezinye izinguqulo ngokwesayensi izindikimba zomlando lwezenhlalo. kwemibhalo unesithakazelo Z sika, yena uthola indawo ekhethekile emsebenzini wakhe.

Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokudala imbongi akuwenzanga umsebenzi temibhalo yephrozi. Kodwa-ke kumele asho ukuthi ungumsebenzi wadala umkhiqizo akazange eqele ngalé ekhona ngesikhathi amasiko. Ezinye izindaba ezimfishane kanye amanoveli kungenziwa ngokuthi ngokuphila kwakhe.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi iminyaka yokuphila imbongi sika Pleshcheeva bagcwala izenzakalo elikhanyayo, imihlangano, dating, ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu, angeke kushiwo mayelana ukukhetha ka UNikolai yaseshashalazini. Pleshcheev ngokwakhe wayengumuntu umfundi enkulu. Wayazi futhi bethandwa ethiyetha. Kusukela ipeni imbongi emdlalweni, okuyinto kwabekelwa izigaba amatiyetha yindawo ehamba phambili.

ifa etemibhalo

Nikolay Alekseevich Plescheev, ogama biography ungenziwa kuphela abangela ukutuswa yesizukulwane sakhe, washiya ifa ocebile zamasiko.

izinkondlo Original futhi elihunyushwe Pleshcheeva bakuchazayo Ihubo yayo. Yingakho ungazange kunakwe ezifana bomculo ezinkulu njengoba Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Cui, Gretchaninov, Rachmaninoff. Abangaphezu kwekhulu imisebenzi esankondlo imbongi ahambisana nomculo wezinsimbi, njengoba izingcezu art. Mayelana 13 yokuqala no-30 izinguqulo lokudlalwayo kusukela Peru Nikolaya Alekseevicha. Ezinye zazo manje ingxenye repertoire of yeshashalazi kuleli zwe.
Amakhulu Pleshcheeva imisebenzi olusankondlo eyanyatheliswa ngo anthologies. Abaningi baba zabuna zifakwe Anthology lokufunda etemibhalo.

Life azifinyezwanga Pleshcheeva Septhemba 26, 1893 ku Paris, kodwa ungcwatshwa eMoscow UNikolai.