TU 22m3: Ukucaciswa izindiza (izithombe)

Idelakufa Supersonic Tu-22M3 okwamanje imodeli uchungechunge yakamuva imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo ekuhlaseleni nokuqoshwa «nomkhwezeli». Ukuguqulwa iphiko variable-geometry sidaliwe ukufaka esikhundleni akusebenzi TU-16. Entsha "M3" angase akwazi ukusithwala izikhali ezinamandla, uxazulule izinkinga amasu, wenze elide izindiza. Ngo International Ukwahlukanisa Tu-22M3 ekuhlaseleni basonta middle class izindiza zempi.

Izinhloso nenjongo

Missile "M3" ukuguqulwa ilungele ngokuhlaselwa ngamabhomu ezweni nasolwandle izindawo impi. Beats akhiqizwa futhi iphathwe ezicitshwayo izindiza. Tu-22M3 ekuhlaseleni kungenzeka hit okuhloswe eqenjini izindiza kanye singly nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngisho e-ezinzima kakhulu izimo zezulu.

Isivikelo ekuhlaseleni eyenziwa esebenzisa ukucindezelwa ekhethekile umsakazo-electronic kokuthikanyezwa, futhi nokuthungatha lwanamuhla emoyeni izivikelo. Kuze kube manje, akukho webhomu kangcono, okungase hit okuhloswe optically ongabonakali ngesivinini ephakeme ukwedlula Tu-22M3. Izici Zabantu izindiza ukwenza kube zibalulekile lapho ehlasela isikhala esincane ukuphakama esiphezulu. Kuze kube manje, lo ukuguqulwa uyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ukunqotshwa ezibalulekile ezivela iphuzu lempi umbono insiza ezimbonini ezingemuva wesitha.

2. Ukubhujiswa imigomo ngesikhathi impi amabutho zamasu kanye zezindiza.

3. amaqembu Attack umkhumbi ngesikhathi esifanayo ne ukuphikiswa anti-aircraft umlilo.

4. Ukuba Wedwa ukwethusa amabutho kusukela oluzayo yokusebenza izinqolobane.

5. Isitatimende kokuthikanyezwa, futhi nokuthungatha umsindo ehlasela izindiza nezikhali ezicitshwayo eqondiswa.

6. Intelligence Ukuphathwa nge ukuphakama esiphezulu futhi isilinganiso.

7. Ukuhlanganyela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene amabutho emoyeni ukuzivikela, navies kanye nezimpi.

Umlando sokudalwa

ukukhiqizwa ebanzi ukuguqulwa TU-22M sebehlushwa ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe ezibizayo futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, umklamo lakhiwe indlela entsha kudalwa jikelele ukushaqeka webhomu. Okokuqala, onjiniyela belahla umqondo esisodwa imodi fighter. Ngemva kokuhlola yonke imininingwane, banquma ukwakha indiza multi-imodi kungaba uyakwazi ukwenza emachibini ezahlukene kanye ngesivinini kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubhubhisa force isitha ngobuciko esiphezulu. Beza neqhinga ukwethulwa nomqondo variable geometry amaphiko. Ngokungafani onobuhle owedlule, Tu-22M3 imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo izici ikuvumela ukuba wenze kusukwe kusukela gumbi ezithwele kakhulu sezikhali. Isinqumo ukwakha webhomu ububanzi senziwe 1974 uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe wase-USSR. Ngesisekelo imishini emisha okuhambe sithuthukiswe Kuznetsov NK-25 injini. Nokho, iphrojekthi esikhundleni is hhayi abiza. sesimanje zabhekana futhi missile design futhi ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ziyancipha isisindo indiza.

Ekupheleni kuka-1970 kuso wethulwa ukukhiqizwa amaqembu amakhulu "M3", okuyinto ngokushesha ngemva kovivinyo lidlule ibhalansi kweSoviet Air Force. Omunye umehluko omkhulu kusuka imodeli odlule singase sinyuse engela ukuphambuka iphiko kuya 65 °. Lokhu kwavumela ukuba ufihle wesifunda fairing yesifunda Ukujikeleza wokubacindezela iyunithi. Futhi kwathiwa yinde fuselage ethuthukisiwe ukulwa igiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa ke isetjentiswe ugesi yokuxhumana futhi Hydro ku uhlelo ugesi ka Tu-22M3.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Ukwakheka webhomu kuyinto monoplane cantilever metal. Indawo iphiko - Ngokwesilinganiso, variable, uyithola ishanelwe. Tail iyunithi - olulodwa-fin. Chassis - retractable, amathathu. Neziphawulekayo Tu-22M3 Ukucaciswa gumbi. Kuyinto ukwazi ukwamukela abantu 4. Kulokhu, amatilosi ibekwe ngababili: phambi - pilot ezimbili, ngemuva - itilosi kanye itilosi. I fuselage futhi limelela okwakha izinto eziyinsimbi. Uhlaka luqiniswe longitudinal imishayo. Wings - coffered, dvuhlonzheronnoe ehlanganisa iphiko isikhungo, amayunithi rotary kanye SCHK. Zonke izingxenye oxhumene integrally. Njengoba fuel amathangi esetshenziswa caissons. maneuverability Rapid kufezwa ngokusebenzisa enezinto on aduduze futhi izigaba ezintathu ukujikeleza iyunithi. Kuqondile umsila isigwedlo futhi keel ethulwa.

Motor eyingqayizivele indiza Tu-22M3 izici uvumele ukufeza saliphosa imodi afterburner, kuze AmaKh ayizinkulungwane 20. Ngakho ijubane esiphezulu kuyinto 2300 km / h, kwimodi sihamba - 930 km / h.

ukuphathwa Izici

I TU-missile yenethiwekhi 22m3 abanikeze asebenza nabo emelelwa isimame longitudinal futhi transverse, spoiler nokulawula isigwedlo uhlelo. Controllability ibangelwa ichopho futhi ilungu jika. Endabeni ka ngeziphambeko ngephutha ibhalansi labetibambile isimame.

Ingabe ukunikeza booster Tu-22M3 elawula uhlelo. Izici wamaphiko ungakwazi ukuthwebula i ibhalansi kahle izingxenye hydromechanics rotary kanye Avionics electronics. Nale webhomu anganikeza nenkanuko edlulele at engele kusukela degrees 20 kuya 65. Console izindiza ichopho ubamba isikhundla ngenxa friction. Izakhi emikhulu ugibelile imishini navigation lapho NK-45 eziyinkimbinkimbi, le pna radar kanye emehlweni optical OPB-015T, futhi uhlelo missile isiqondiso futhi esiteshini othomathikhi AFCS-145m. Ukuxhumana phakathi nezisebenzi izuzwe SDA-7.

Arsenal nokuvikelwa

Kuze kube manje, omunye izindlela wayemesaba kakhulu futhi enamandla emoyeni kuhlasela nje webhomu Tu-22M3. Imininingwane shock- ingxenye indiza ubufakazi. Ehlome ngamathuluzi okuthola leSupersonic izindiza - waqondisa missile KH-22. Ngaphezu kwalokho, webhomu has a gumbi ozinikele nezempi izingxenye elihlomile.

On ukufakwa vnutrifyuzelyazhnyh nangaphandle ejection aduduze kungaba likhuphukela 10 X 15 uhlobo rocket. Ngo gruzootseke izingodo zophahla ekhethekile ulenga amabhomu nezimayini kuze kufinyelele 3000 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umthwalo lemali elinganisiwe engabekwa uhlangabezana indiza kuyinto amathani angaba ngu-24. Ukuze bazivikele yizitha missile ifakwe uhlelo isibhamu GS-23 nge esakhelwe Computing unit and radar. Melana kokuthikanyezwa, futhi nokuthungatha ukuthola TU okuthiwa 22m3 eziyinkimbinkimbi "Ural-M".

ukulwa isicelo

Bomber wayengomunye walaba main air strike amabutho phakathi nempi-Afghan ngasekupheleni 1988. I nempi Chechnya emkhathini wasezulwini wabusa Tu-22M3 futhi MIG-31-MB. indiza ahlangene izindiza leSupersonic senziwa ukuze asekele ukuhlaselwa izindiza ngenxa yokugobhoza igqamuka.

Ehlobo lika-2008, eziningana olwesimanje Tu-22M3 wavunguzisa kuhloswe amaphuzu abalulekile amasu yebutho Georgian eNingizimu Ossetia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ayikho amamodeli ochungechungeni TU-22M neze isinyathelo nokuthengiswa, nakuba aba nesithakazelo kulokho iChina neNdiya ngokuphindaphindiwe.

ukulungiswa Okukhulu

Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ethuthukile ukushintshashintsha webhomu:

1. imodeli TU-22m3M aguqulwa sextant uhlelo SVP-24-22. Yesimanje kuphinde zabhekana navigation nekhompyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi.

2. TU-22m3R kuyinto izindiza kwesimo endaweni, Injongo ogama main is wenza umcimbi i izinhlelo isitha locator. Lokhu ukuguqulwa akuzange wathola isicelo ebanzi.