Solovetsky Stone - indawo bekhalaza zezombusazwe

AmaRashiya Abaningi sebeye bakubona uthuthumele. Phakathi kwabo, abesabekayo futhi engaqondakali abantu abaningi bahlala ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu owandile wokungabi iziboshwa zezombusazwe kanye eSoviet Union ngo-kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Lubyanka - indawo ngengoma lapho bahlushwa futhi ikhiphe isigwebo sokufa nabantu abangenacala. Uqeqesha egcwele becindezela ayiswa emakamu okuhlushwa nasemajele kuya Solovetsky Islands. Lezi izwe libe lenqwaba abantu baseSoviet babe isiphephelo zokugcina. Futhi itshe Solovetsky ubhekwa yisikhumbuzo, ukungayeki ukhohlwe ukuphila kwezigidi zabantu.

Kukhunjulwa bahlushwa futhi babulawa

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakungeyona inkambiso nixoxe futhi basho lezi kuyihlazo Russia. Kodwa ubuhlungu nokungaqiniseki kwaholela abaningi ukuba sicabange futhi khumbula leyo minyaka esabekayo. Lihlanganisa main ukuzoqhubekisela izenzakalo kunzima ukuthi kwenzeke ku- i-Solovetsky Islands emakamu (NEZINDLOVU) nasemajele (Ston) inhloso ekhethekile, baba amalungu "Nesikhumbuzo" NGO. Lo mphakathi kudale isishoshovu samalungelo zezemfundo womuntu Saharov Andrey Dmitrievich.

izishoshovu zomphakathi nezihlobo becindezela wakhalaza kuziphathimandla, inhloko-dolobha yakhe ngokucela ukwaba umhlaba eMoscow ukufakwa yesikhumbuzo, inkumbulo izisulu yokucindezelwa zezombusazwe. Le ndawo abe ekhumbulekayo Lubyanka Square, lapho Solovetsky Stone sasikhona.

History of the lesikhumbuzo

Govuza umphakathi futhi ukhulume ukuzoqhubekisela inkumbulo yabantu abake bahlukunyezwa yokucindezelwa zezombusazwe, kwakunokwenzeka ku yokwakha kabusha iminyaka. Kwathi ngo-1990. Ngemva kokuvumelana uhulumeni eMoscow ukwabiwa kwezimali babeka isisekelo lesikhumbuzo, ubani kamuva waba itshe Solovetsky.

Granite block wakhethwa Mihailom Butorinym - mlando nentatheli, futhi Gennady Lyashenko - umakhi induna Arkhangelsk, ngaphambi kokuthumela kwaba edolobhaneni Solovki, e Tamarin ebhentshini elingaphansi.

ngomkhumbi wezimpahla "Sosnowiec" dwala wayiswa Arkhangelsk, lapho wesitimela, wayiswa e-Moscow. Ngaphakathi dalo of isikhumbuzo isikhumbuzo kubantwana umklami futhi wathatha ingxenye B. E. Corsi nomculi-wezakhiwo S. Smirnov.

Setha Solovetsky Stone ku Lubyanka Square ngo-1990, ngo-October 30. Indawo ekhethiwe ibaluleke kakhulu amaRashiya amaningi. Phela, kwaku isakhiwo "esesabekayo ', NKVD kuqala bese i-KGB. Lapha ezandleni zabaphathi isigelekeqe esinonya ukuba isayine amaphepha ukuze baboshwa ngobuningi nemisho abantu ukufa noma isixhumanisi osolwa ngokuba imbuka futhi phansi umbuso zamaKhomanisi.

Kusukela ngo-2008, i-Solovetsky Stone kuyinto oyingqophamlando ka-Moscow. Itholakala epaki eliseduze eMoscow Polytechnic Museum. Ngasekuqaleni phambi kwakhe kwakumi isikhumbuzo "Iron" Feliksu Dzerzhinskomu. Kodwa kwathiwa adiliza ezenzakalweni izinsuku putchevskih ngo-August 1991.

usuku ensimini

Kuvulwe isikhumbuzo nge yinhlanganisela izinkulungwane eziningi Muscovites. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona neziboshwa zangaphambilini zezombusazwe we Solovetsky ababesemakamu: Oleg volkov, uSergei Kovalev futhi Anatoly Zhigulin.

Emuva ngo-1974 (30 Okthoba) kwaphawulwa ngosuku lokuqala eyisiboshwa sezombangazwe ukuthungela amakhandlela amaningi ikhumbule izinkulungwane zabantu abayizisulu elingenacala, isiteleka indlala ngokuhlanganyela kwamenyezelwa. Initiators we steel Kronides Lyubarskiy futhi iziboshwa eziningi amakamu Perm futhi Mordovia.

Kusukela ngo-1990 Okthoba 30 kubhekwa Usuku olusemthethweni kweziboshwa zezombusazwe e-USSR. Kamuva, kamuva eyethiwa ngokuthi u yaziphatha kugujwa njengoba Day of Remembrance izisulu yokucindezelwa zezombusazwe.

iziboshwa Gulag

Isipho kusukela iziboshwa zezombusazwe wangaphambili ukuze bakhumbule izisulu yokucindezelwa futhi wathola inhlokodolobha enyakatho - Petersburg. Solovetsky Stone 4 Septhemba 2002, izishoshovu wasungula "Nesikhumbuzo" umphakathi kuleli paki eduze zintathu Square. Ukuvulwa kwe-lesikhumbuzo lanikezelwa kuya tercentenary Petersburg. Abalobi yesikhumbuzo abaculi Uhnalev E. I. no Yu. A. Rybakov.