Siyini isisekelo theory?

kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni ushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu kangaka ukuthi umuntu uphoqelekile ukuba njalo ulungise izinhlelo zabo, ukuthuthukisa, kanye le njongo ukusebenzisa ezithile isisekelo theory kuzo zonke mkhakha womsebenzi.

Design ubuchwepheshe isayensi yesimanje

Ngenxa ukugeleza omkhulu kolwazi, oluba umuntu wesimanje, izindlela siqakathekile design atholwe mass nokufundisa. Ekhulwini lama-21, ngesisekelo theory cwaningo engasakwazi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa indlela ucwaningo. Ngisho noma ukuphila komuntu awahlobene kwezesayensi, ngaphandle amaphrojekthi kanye nezifundo kanzima ukuba wokuncintisana ezweni lanamuhla. Ukuze isizukulwane esisha sabantu asebegogodile azethembe empilweni yangempela, kuwo wonke amazinga imfundo ngokwezinga esiphezulu usebenzisa izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo yomsebenzi: design, ucwaningo.

imfundo Russian njengoba ngesisekelo ulwazi lwesayensi

Uma eSoviet othisha esikoleni nje esetshenziswa nsuku theory, ekufundiseni izifundo ezahlukene, manje kubonelelwa kakhulu izindlela elikhiqizayo ukuqeqeshwa. odokotela bengqondo Domestic nabafundisi ukuthuthukisa entsha ubuchwepheshe ezemfundo, lapho isisekelo theory cwaningo, kwahambisana by ukuhlola egcwele. Okunabileko iboniswa Imiphumela etholwe ochwepheshe European, ngubani amashumi eminyaka baye basebenzisa ngempumelelo enqubeni ukuqeqeshwa, hhayi kuphela izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo idatha cwaningo, kodwa ukwengeza ucwaningo esisebenzayo.

izici theory

Conscious okunenjongo emisha ihilela nsuku ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-kumiswa inhlangano. Ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa izinkinga lesayensi nokuthuthuka ubuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo indlela, awukwazi ukuphatha sesimanje izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Yenhloso, emisha bayazi, kwakuthiwa athuthukiswe futhi esekelwe kwezesayensi kusekelwe izikhundla theory eklanywe ngokuhlakanipha ngayo. Okwamanje, akukho yesayensi wezinkinga indlela kanye nomklamo amasu akakwazi ukulawula inqubo ukuguqulwa. Izinkinga eziphathelene umklamo ezazibhekwa imisebenzi ososayensi Russian kanye angaphandle: V N. Burkova, YV Gromyko, EI Mashbatsa VE Radionova. Kusukela nsuku ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-ukudalwa onobuhle ezintsha zokufunda babe eduze ahlobene M. M. Potashnik, EA Yamburg.

Izici amagama

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukuba athathe ihlandla ezifana "project", isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko lobuchwepheshe nsimu. It kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuthuthukiswa imibhalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okwamanje, indlela design siyisisekelo ezincwadini sphere eziningi umsebenzi womuntu: izincwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, yezobuchwepheshe, zomculo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekucabangeleni umbuzo ukubaluleka yokuhlela yezenhlalakahle abazali, abafundi, into cwaningo ukubheka ukubaluleka isilingo esinjalo.

I-algorithm yephrojekthi

Kukhona ezinye isisekelo theory sokuthuthukiswa iyiphi iphrojekthi, kungakhathaliseki indawo oya kuyo. Ukuze uqale nge umbono, okungukuthi, umqondo wokuthi ngeke ukuphikisa noma uqinisekise ngemva iyavala. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlela ukufunda nabo iziphakamiso ungakhetha ukuthi ukunikeza abafundi amakhono umsebenzi project ku zemfundo futhi yangemva.

Okulandelayo, khetha abahlanganyeli ngqo emsebenzini: nabajameli bomphakathi, abazali, abasebenzi, abafundi.

Uma kusethwa Okuqondiwe acabangele izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo zokuphatha, imininingwane ye inhlangano. Kuye isiqondiso yephrojekthi, ngokuba liyisihlalo umsebenzi:

• ukufunda ngesisekelo ezincwadini umsebenzi (imfundo, ezokuvakasha, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane);
• ukwambulwa ukubaluleka ukuqaliswa iphrojekthi;
• ukufunda isipiliyoni izinkampani - izimbangi.

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo kunqunywa ukuhlobana umsebenzi, ukubaluleka kwalo theory kanye nama-practical. Le phrojekthi ngokwayo kuhilela isingeniso, izibalo, ukuhlaziywa emakethe, isiphetho, lwezincwadi, ukwethulwa ngombono, kanye nezingozi kwezomnotho.

umsebenzi Base iphrojekthi

Design - ngesisekelo ezincwadini umsebenzi kunoma iyiphi inkampani. Ixhumeke nge ekuqaleni ushintsho imvelo yakhiwe. Le nkinga enezici, kuba ngokulinganayo efanelekayo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi. Lokho design ubhekwa ebalulekile ekuphileni yomuntu yesimanje, ngoba ngamunye wethu kufanele umcako out imigomo eqondile ukusebenza ekusilandeleni yabo. Njengoba lezi zinhlelo bazimele abekho imisebenzi, benza enzeka zamasiko nezomlando. Lomsebenti ungahlanganiswa kubhekwe ohlakaniphile, ngoba phambi "ezama" I-material Okuyınqo, kubalulekile ukuba ukubikezela, ukuphenya, ukuhlola, sibikezele imiphumela imibono. Ngenxa, kwabekwa nesisekelo esingokwesayensi somklamo, kukhona ukudalwa kwemisebenzi emisha, ukwandisa khathizwe ka luhlangotsi womuntu. Kukhona izici ezithile yephrojekthi:

• relatedness yayo Ngokuzayo;
• umumo esimweni ocacile ngesikhathi isikhawu;
• ukumelwa njengendlela yokuthola ekufezeni uhlelo ngekusasa;
• khona ekuqaleni nasekupheleni yomsebenzi project.

Uma sihlaziya ngesisekelo theory wamabhizinisi onguchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi, kubalulekile ukusho nenqubo ukusebenza (imvelo).

1. Uxhumano ngqo nezidingo zamanje kanye nezimo ezithile Inhloso kohlelo.
2. Khuluma ukubaluleka lapho kwemukelwa izinqumo okungaguquki wemfanelo.

Le ndlela njalo sihlose abazisebenzako, wakheke umkhuba ngamakhasimende. It is egxile awusizo inkinga kwakuthiwa abalulekile. Lo mphumela kumele kube eziphathekayo, kuyaphindeka emsebenzini wangempela.

ukusetshenziswa nezidingo zephrojekthi ezisekelwe

Uhlaka ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-ukuhlaziya awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela lobu buchwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukuba inkinga lokho kudinga ulwazi oluhlanganisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ufuna ukuhlola inkinga lokubala ubuningi babantu ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ukufunda acid imvula, ukudala ibhizinisi lakho siqu travel. imisebenzi yezengqondo esisebenzayo kungaba umuntu, iqembu, ngokuhlanganyela. Zonke izigaba okufanele efingqa subtotals. Izici Ezihilelekile Kule ndlela phrojekthi ukuthi wonke amalungu ethimba kukhona ezimweni alinganayo. Wonke umuntu wonke amakhono ukuze ube umholi, elizobhekana amathuba emisebenzi.

Okunhlobonhlobo isicelo izisekelo ezincwadini design

lezisekelo echazwa inhlangano ibhizinisi wahlanganyela ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo musa ihluke kwezinye zokukhulekela. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona abanye abantu, futhi yonke inhlangano, ukuhlinzeka Imisebenzi eprofetjhinali kuthiwa kuyabiza futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezidinga ezikhethekile kolwazi lwesayensi nokuhlonyiswa amakhono, kanye nemishini ethile. Ekhulwini lama-20 le nsizakalo olwesimanje izindawo ezinkulu yizenzo zabantu. "Isevisi" lihunyushwa lisuselwa olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini uhlobo olukhethekile umsebenzi womuntu, eziqondiswe ekuhlangabezeni izidingo ikhasimende ngokuhlinzekwa ibanga elithile amasevisi.

Tindlelanchubo bona okushiwo isevisi

Uma ucabangela izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo wamabhizinisi kulesi siqondiso, unquma ukwaba ku essence yabo. Izikhungo ibonwa njengoba ifomu yomsebenzi womuntu. Ukuze wemboni sevisi manje aselinganiswa ezifana imikhakha ezinkulu zokuthutha, ezezimali, ezohwebo, umkhakha kanye nezemidlalo ukuzijabulisa, ezempilo, abaphathi, imfundo, isayensi. Kodwa kukhona ngezigaba esekelwe amafomu ezine eziyisisekelo umsebenzi womuntu:

1. lezisekelo theory uvumele azokuqhubela impahla okugcwele orientation zenguquko zezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela wanelisa ngokugcwele zonke izidingo ezingokwenyama zalabo sabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemigwalo, ungakha ezinye izinto kanye namadivayisi lobuchwepheshe, imishini silungisa.

2. Ngenxa engqondweni yethu amasevisi orientation, ukwanelisa ezibonakalayo kuphela kodwa futhi nezidingo ezingokomoya. Ngokwesibonelo, amasevisi zemfundo ICT ubuchwepheshe zisiza ukufundisa isizukulwane esisha yezwe, inqubo ngendlela efanele ulwazi ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo kwemininingwane imiphumela ukusebenza lenkampani noma ibhizinisi.

3. Ngenxa ifomu imisebenzi value-orientation setha ukubaluleka imiphumela ekhona zezenhlalo nezemvelo ukuze umphakathi kubanika ukuhlolwa enemininingwane. Nikela kule ukukhangisa, ubuchwepheshe, zokuxilonga, isiqondiso kwezobuciko.

4. uhlobo Luchumano womsebenzi kuyindlela yokuxhumana phakathi izinhlangano kanye abathengi ngabanye. Ngenxa yalesi endaweni zihlanganisa imisebenzi isevisi izethulo, imibukiso, izingqungquthela, ukuxhumana nezinsiza-World Wide Web, ukuxoxisana, ukuqeqeshwa ezingokwengqondo, zokuxhumana.

Ukusebenzisa ngesisekelo ezincwadini ukuhlaziya, abamele izinhlobo ezahlukene izinsiza ukuhlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zamakhasimende. Ukuze uqonde kubo, kubalulekile ukuze balukhulume kahle indlela le sevisi.

Kuyini

Kuyinto isimo somuntu, okuyinto eba ngenxa izingxabano phakathi ekhona futhi kudingekile, utshelwa ukuba bathathe izinyathelo okuhloswe ngaso ukususwa kwakhe. Ngosizo isevisi senzeka ukubhekana nale nkinga. Kukhona division zibe izidingo zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Eyokuqala bokuphila ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile azalwa nako. Ngokwesibonelo, isidingo samanzi, ukudla, ukulala. Lesi sakamuva abe uhlobo ngokwengqondo. Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ukusho izibonelo uthando, nenhlonipho, impumelelo, amandla. Babonakala ngesikhathi umuntu kancane kancane. Njengoba wonke umuntu nelwatinchanti lwabo, izidingo yesibili okuningi kuka eyinhloko.

ngempucuko yesimanje European zaba yalelozwe ohlanganisa isiko isikhundla emphakathini amaphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa jikelele zobuntu, izinga lemfundo. uhlelo okunjalo kudinga amagugu umphakathi izimo lapho kungenzeka ukuqeda inkululeko nentuthuko yomuntu ubuntu. Ukuvunyelwa eYurophu ukujabulela lezo zinhlobo amasevisi, sibonga ngalo kukhona ukuthuthukiswa nokunonophala yomuntu. European Modern idinga ezithile izimpahla ezibalulekile, engewona nokho izithakazelo indela. Izikhungo ahlinzekwa namuhla, ugxila nezimo, uhlelo esithambile izidingo zenhlalakahle kanye namasiko. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uguqule ibe isiqondiso ukuthi ukhethwa umthengi.

Kotler ukuthi isevisi umcimbi inzuzo ngawo ngenye inhlangano inikeza izinzuzo ezithile yesibili. Hlukanisa ezahlukeneyo ezahlukene ngezigaba kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo. Kumila yesayensi ivumela ukukhiqiza nenqubo iyunifomu izikimu sokwehlukaniswa iziqephu zabo yokutholwa emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi izifunda.

umkhuba Interstate kwamanye amazwe kusikisela ngezigaba zabo ngesisekelo zindlela ezihlobene: ububanzi, hlobo lwenkonzo. Umkhaya Ohlukene amasevisi typologically efanayo:

• ukukhiqizwa (yesondlo, eqashisa ngamafulethi, ubunjiniyela, imishini ukulungisa);
• professional (nomshuwalense, ezezimali, ukukhangisa, Consultancy);
• umthengi (mass);
• (Imfundo umsakazo, isiko, ithelevishini) yomphakathi.

Ikhumbula umkhuba zomlando imisebenzi kwezomnotho kwangathi inkonzo Unit ngesisekelo a indlela imikhakha ekhona esifundazweni. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona eRussia yesimanje, ngempumelelo asebenza somhleli ekhethekile amasevisi enikelwa sabantu.

isiphetho

Noma yimuphi semfundo ezimweni yesimanje iyadingeka ukudala izimo elikhulu sokuthuthukiswa evamile yomuntu, kokuba amakhono ukucabanga futhi esibucayi, nokuzethemba. Ngaphandle kolwazi theory ukubhekana imisebenzi izinhlangano ezinjalo ngeke zikwazi. Phakathi amasu amaningi akhuthaza ukuzimela, ikhono ukuzivumelanisa ezingokoqobo ekushintsheni emphakathini wanamuhla, endaweni ekhethekile kungokwalabo ubuchwepheshe design. Ayikho mkhakha womsebenzi, ukuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ucwaningo lwazo namaphrojekthi. ongakhetha Ukuqalisa Site labo banquma ukuzama isandla sakhe kwezamabhizinisi. Abazi nje ukusiza ukuthola ulwazi lwesayensi, kodwa futhi ukukhuthaza isicelo yabo umkhuba. amaphrojekthi yamanje zisiza ukunquma umsebenzi othile, ukuba conceptualize okokusebenza theory, ukusebenzisa ulwazi kule ndawo entsha.

Ukuqala iphrojekthi - ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuthuthukiswa abafundi (okusekelwe ukuthambekela kwawo futhi isithakazelo) kuncike impahla kanye nomsebenzi ukuhlela ku umbono ethile. Ngakho, umfundi ngamunye unikezwa ilungelo langempela ukukhetha indlela intuthuko yakho ekuthuthukiseni esiyinikwe Uhlelo impahla.

umklamo Final njalo ukusiza Imiphumela indlela in eyala ezithile inkampani esikhathini ihlaziye. Kuye okuqukethwe, ukwaba monopredmetnye, ucwaningo imikhakha eyahlukene. Ibhizinisi ezokuvakasha engabe ngokukhethekile inhlangano amakhasimende yokuzilibazisa ngezinga elingakanani. Ngisho nasemibhalweni isifiso wemboni non-yokukhiqiza , ngaphandle kwesisekelo logcwele wesayensi lubaluleke. Ngaphambi kokumnikeza izinkomba ezithile amakhasimende, abasebenzi inkampani bafunde ulwazi lemininingwane mayelana nokuthi zonke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ukuvakasha ukuphendula imibuzo ukuthi uqiniseka avele amaklayenti abo. amasevisi Modern enikeziwe amakhasimende, futhi uhlobene ulwazi theory. Kunoma yimuphi umkhakha ukuphila komuntu umsebenzi endaweni yokuqala kukhona ikhono lokusebenzisa ulwazi lwesayensi, ukujwayeza ngokwenqubo kunikeze umbono wezimo ezingokoqobo, ngoba isimo esithile.