Technique insulini: Action algorithm, izici kanye nezincomo

Insulin - hormone okuthiwa i pancreatic olulawula carbohydrate umzimba inqubo emzimbeni. Nge ukuntula kwayo igazi amazinga kashukela kuyanda, okuholela isimo okungavamile sina. Ngenhlanhla, abantu yesimanje isifo sikashukela singabonakali ngaphandle umusho. Inani insulini ilawulwa esebenzisa umjovo ekhethekile. Le ndlela eyisisekelo ukwelashwa sikashukela I neyesi-II uhlobo ngezinye izikhathi. Isikali ukubala kwenziwa ngayinye esigulini ngasinye, kodwa inqubo umjovo insulini kuyinto silungiselela wonke umuntu futhi ufunde isihloko okufanayo.

Kungani sidinga umjovo?

Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, amanyikwe iqala ukuze isebenze kahle. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuphumela ukwehlisa i-hormone insulini, okuyinto ke kuholela ukuphazamiseka of kokudla esiswini futhi exchange izinqubo. Umzimba uba akakwazi ukuthola amandla ukudliwa kokudla nokuhlupheka kusuka ngokweqile glucose ukuthi, esikhundleni sokuba amuncwa amaseli, aqoqana igazi. Esimeni onjalo amanyikwe isimo uthola isibonakaliso Kuhlanganisa insulini. Kodwa ngenxa umzimba ukwephulwa umsebenzi ama-hormone ikhishwe izinto eziningi ezincane. Isimo siba sibi, futhi nenombolo insulin ayo, Okwamanje, ivame ukuba zero.

Ukuze alungise leso simo kungenzeka kuphela ngokunika emangqamuzaneni Analogue hormone. Ukwelashwa nge baqhubeka ukuphila. iziguli sikashukela izikhathi eziningana nsuku zonke senza umjovo. Kubalulekile ukuba uzenze ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ukuze ugweme izimo ezibucayi. Insulin ikuvumela ukulawula ezingeni ushukela egazini kanye nokugcina kwamanyikwe kanye nezinye izitho ezingeni elifanele.

Imithetho jikelele for imijovo

Technique insulini - into yokuqala abakufundisayo iziguli uma kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo isifo sikashukela. inqubo elula, kodwa kudinga amakhono ayisisekelo kanye ukuqonda inqubo. Imfuneko ngokugcinwa imithetho ka aseptic kanye isinqandakuvunda, t. E. inzalo inqubo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukhumbule iziqondiso inhlanzeko Indinganiso elandelayo:

• izandla zakhe phambi inqubo kufanele wageza;
• umjovo wamagatsha kuyosuswa ngendwangu emanzi noma isinqandakuvunda;
• ngoba umjovo zisebenzisa ekhethekile imijovo alahlwayo kanye izinaliti.

Kulesi sigaba, kufanele wazi ukuthi utshwala ebhubhisa insulini. Ekwelapheni isikhumba le-ejenti kumele ulinde ukuhwamuka wako, okwathi ngemva kwalokho inqubo isiqalo.

Ngokuvamile, insulini iqondiswa emizuzwini engu-30 ngaphambi kokudla. Udokotela, esekelwe izici eyabelwe hormone zokwenziwa ngezimo zesiguli, ukunikeza iseluleko Ukweqiwa ngabanye imithi. Ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezimbili imithi asetshenziswa emini: ekukhishweni esifushane noma okuqhubekayo. Technique insulini kanye kuyiwa.

Lapho ukubeka shot?

Noma yimuphi umjovo kuhilela izindawo ezithile anconywe iqhube ngempumelelo futhi iphephile. Umjovo we-insulin ngeke kukhonjwe nokuphathwa esicutshini noma intradermal uthayiphe. Ingqikithi asebenzayo ukuba ikhashelwa ongama okunamafutha izicubu. Ngemva contact nge-insulini ezicutshini umphumela salo ukuzwa ezingalindelekile futhi okubuhlungu ngesikhathi umjovo. Ngakho-ke, umjovo alikwazi kuphi: nje akusebenzi ukuthi kakhulu ukuba zimbi kakhulu isimo lesiguli.

Technique insulini kuhilela ukusetshenziswa okulandelayo izitho zomzimba:

• anterior ethangeni eliphezulu;
• isisu (ezungeze inkaba);
• Izinqe yangaphandle crease;
• ehlombe.

Kulesi self-umjovo we izihlalo ukhululekile kakhulu yiwona kwamathanga nesisu. Lezi zigaba ezimbili enzelwe uhlobo oluhlukile we-insulin. Ngasekelwa ukukhululwa imijovo okungcono asethwe hip futhi iyashesha - ku inkaba noma ehlombe.

Sikusho ngani lokhu? Ochwepheshe bathi kule ongama kwamathanga fat and emphethweni elingaphandle izibunu kuyinto ukumuncwa kancane. Vele okudingayo okwesikhathi insulini eside esebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulungiselela cishe leso lamaseli ketshezi umzimba iphathwe besisu futhi ehlombe.

Yini kungcono ukuba ngakususi umjovo amasayithi?

Kufanele kuhambisane ukusula ezinye iziqondiso eziphathelene umjovo Ukukhetha ensimini. Kungenzeka isikhala ngenhla kuphela. Futhi uma isiguli wenza umjovo eyabo, kungcono ukukhetha phambi kwethanga kumsebenzeli eside esebenza nesisu - I-ultrashort futhi short-esebenza insulini analogue. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwethulwa izidakamizwa ehlombe noma izibunu kungaba nzima. Ngokuvamile iziguli azikwazi ngokuzimela akha emphethweni isikhumba kulezi zindawo ukuze singene ongama amafutha ungqimba. Ngenxa yalokho, lo muthi ngephutha injected nezicubu imisipha, okungadingi isimo kumuntu ophethwe yisifo sikashukela.

Gwema lipodystrophy izingxenye (ezindaweni ezingekho amafutha ongama) kanye ashona usendaweni umjovo yangaphambilini ye mayelana 2 cm. I imijovo iqondiswa esikhunjeni elikhanyayo noma waphulukiswa. Ukuze kuqedwe lezi ndawo ezingezinhle inqubo, qinisekisa ukuthi kuhlelwe umjovo zone ayinakho ububomvu, induration, izibazi, nemivimbo, izimpawu umonakalo mechanical kuya esikhumbeni.

Indlela ukushintsha indawo imijovo?

abanesifo sikashukela Iningi insulini nasekuthengeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izinsuku abanakho ukuze afeze imijovo eziningana zomuthi ukuzizwa okuhle. Ngakho imijovo zone kumele njalo ukushintsha: le nqubo nge-insulini. Algorithm ukuhamba komsebenzi kuhlanganisa lezi zimo ezintathu:

1. Ukuqhuba umjovo eduze esizeni umjovo langaphambilini, emuva kusukela kuye mayelana 2 cm.
2. Ukwahlukana ekwethuleni ibe izingxenye 4. Phakathi nesonto, sebenzisa omunye wabo, bese udlulela kwesilandelayo. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo kwesikhumba ukuze nezinye izindawo nokuphumula alulame. Kusukela indawo umjovo e ingxenye efanayo silondoloze ibanga ngamasentimitha ambalwa.
3. Hlukanisa nesifunda esikhethiwe ngesigamu, futhi nquma yanjalo ngamunye kubo.

Technique insulini ongama ivumela ukuletha ketshezi asebenzayo emzimbeni ngesilinganiso oyifunayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, okumele ilandelwe ukukhethwa endaweni njalo. Isibonelo, uma umuthi isiguli isikhathi eside esebenza Yaqala ngo okhalweni, ngemuva futhi kumelwe uqhubeke. Kungenjalo, ngesilinganiso ukumuncwa insulin kuzohluka, okuyinto kuyogcina kubangele ekushintshashintsheni amazinga kashukela egazini.

Ukubalwa umthamo abadala

Ukukhethwa insulin - kunemidanti luyingxenye ngabanye. On lemali nsuku zonke ezinconywe amayunithi izidakamizwa ehlaselwe nemingcele ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise esisindo futhi "ubudala" lesi sifo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi, ngokuvamile, isidingo nsuku zonke isiguli nge ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela ngenxa insulini esingaphansi 1 per unit 1 kg esisindo saso. Uma lokhu embundwini weqiwe, ukuxakeka ukuthuthukisa.

Ifomula jikelele kuhlaziywa umthamo insulin simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

D _d × M, lapho:

• D _d - umthamo wansuku zonke;
• M - mass umzimba wesiguli.

Njengoba ungase ubone ifomula, ukubala insulin ekuphathweni amasu uncika ukubaluleka isidingo samanzi emzimbeni ukuze insulini kanye nesisindo umzimba wesiguli. Inkomba yokuqala kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ebucayini lesi sifo, ubudala isiguli "Ubude" sikashukela.

Njengoba uthole umthamo wansuku zonke, ukwenza ukubala. Imali One-isikhathi, ungafaka amayunithi sikashukela bengekho ngaphezu kwama-40, futhi emini - in the ezahlukene amayunithi 70-80.

Isibonelo kubalwa umthamo we-insulin

Lokucabanga isisindo sikashukela 85 kg, futhi D _d kuyinto 0.8 U / kg. Yenza umsebenzi wokubalisisa: 85 × 0.8 = 68 amayunithi. Lokhu isamba insulini kudingeka ngelanga esigulini. Ukuze abale umthamo izidakamizwa eside esebenza, inombolo okuholela ehlukaniswa ezimbili: amayunithi 68 ÷ 2 = 34. Ukweqiwa oluhlukaniswe phakathi ekuseni umjovo kusihlwa e isilinganiso 2 ukuze 1. Kulesi simo, ujike 22 IU futhi 12 IU.

Esikhathini "amafushane" kuyinto insulini amayunithi 34 (kusukela 68 DSA). ukusakazeka kwalo ku 3 umjovo elandelanayo ngaphambi kokudla, kuye ngokuthi lemali ohlosiwe carbohydrate eyanele noma izingxenye ihlukaniswe, nabelane 40% ekuseni 30% ngesikhathi sekhefu nakusihlwa. Kulokhu, sikashukela ukwethula ED 14 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni futhi 10 amayunithi ngaphambi kwesidlo nantambama.

Okunye izikimu kungenzeka futhi insulin, lapho eside esebenza insulini ingaphezu "amafushane". Ukubalwa ngemithamo kufanele ngabe yikuphi okufanele lisekelwe yibo nesilinganiso amazinga kashukela egazini kanye egadiwe kahle.

Ukubalwa umthamo izingane

umzimba wengane idinga insulini ezingaphezu kuka abadala. Lokhu kungenxa ukukhula olunzulu kanye nentuthuko. Ngo ngemuva sitholakele isifo amakhilogramu esisindo yengane ngayinye ngokwesilinganiso 0.5-0.6 amayunithi eminyakeni yokuqala. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, umthamo ngokuvamile lakhuphuka lafika ku-1 U / kg. Futhi lokhu akuyona umkhawulo: entsheni umzimba kungathatha kufika 1.5-2 U / kg. Ngemva kwalokho, inani Sehlile 1 IU. Nokho, ngesikhathi isikhathi eside decompensation sikashukela isidingo sokuqondisa insulin lakhuphuka lafika ku-3 IU / kg. Inani kancane kancane, okuholela umthombo.

Njengoba bekhula, futhi sishintsha ratio eside futhi short-hormone okuthiwa i isinyathelo: ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 inani eyinhloko edepho izidakamizwa, esikhathini sobusha is kakhulu ziyancipha. Ngokuvamile, insulini Umjovo amasu izingane akuhlukile ukubeka umjovo omdala. Okuwukuphela umehluko ngemithamo nsuku zonke futhi unit uhlobo inaliti.

Indlela yokwenza shot Usebenzisa isipetu insulini?

Kuye uhlobo nokulungiselela abanesifo sikashukela usebenzisa imijovo ekhethekile noma ipeni. Amasilinda insulini imijovo isikali samanje division, intengo zazo abadala kufanele alingane no-1 IU, futhi izingane - amayunithi 0.5. Ngaphambi kwabathinta kumelwe enze uchungechunge lwezinguquko izinyathelo ezilandelanayo edinga amasu insulini. I-algorithm usebenzisa i isipetu insulini yilesi:

1. Antiseptic isandla deda, ukulungisa isipetu futhi ukuqoqa it emoyeni ukumaka inombolo ehleliwe amayunithi.
2. Namathela inalithi lo umfuma insulini kanye ukuyikhulula emoyeni. Khona-ke uthayiphe isipetu zomuthi kancane kakhulu kubantu kunokuba kufanele.
3. Thepha isipetu ukususa Bubbles. Insulin ukukhululwa ngokweqile libuyiselwa isitsha.
4. Ukufakwa indawo angenalutho, Sula ngendwangu emanzi noma isinqandakuvunda. Bakha crease (hhayi adingekayo izinaliti iDemo). Faka inaliti ngasesinqeni se nesibaya isikhumba engela noma 45⁰ 90⁰ ebusweni isikhumba. Ngaphandle ukukhulula nesibaya, ibenze plunger kuze kube sekupheleni.
5. Ngemva 10-15 imizuzwana ukukhululwa nesibaya, asuse inaliti.

Uma kudingeka, ukuxuba NPH-insulini izidakamizwa ukuthola isimiso esifanayo izitsha eziyisikhombisa ezehlukene, oyi ukuvuma emoyeni Ngamunye kubo. Technique insulini isinyathelo izingane algorithm eqala ezifanayo.

Ukufakwa usebenzisa ipeni

izidakamizwa yamanje ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini ngokuvamile akhiqiza ipeni. Ziyakwazi alahlwayo noma esebenza nge izinaliti replaceable umthamo ezahlukene division efanayo. isinyathelo Technique insulini ongama kuhilela algorithm ezilandelayo:

• uma kufaneleka ukuxubana insulini (twist e izintende noma isandla ephansi nge isipetu nge ukuphakama emahlombe, entasi);
• 1-2 IU ukukhululwa emoyeni ukuqinisekisa patency yenaliti;
• ezimazombe roller ekupheleni le emjovweni ukusetha umthamo edingekayo;
• akha crease futhi wenze shot efana inqubo umjovo insulini isipetu;
• emva izidakamizwa abaphathi bese ulinda imizuzwana 10 ukususa inaliti;
• cap ukuyivala, futhi baphonse umqulu (izinaliti alahlwayo);
• ukuvala esibayeni.

imisebenzi efanayo eyenziwa umjovo ezinganeni.

Ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela - isimo okungathí sina okudinga nokuqapha njalo amazinga kashukela futhi uyilawule nge imijovo ye-insulin. Le nqubo umjovo ilula futhi kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu: into esemqoka - khumbula isayithi yokuphathwa. I oyisisekelo - ukungena amafutha ongama ukwakha ku nesibaya isikhumba. Ngenisa inaliti i-engela 45⁰ noma perpendicular ebusweni futhi ibenze plunger. Inqubo silula futhi ngokushesha kunokuba ufunde imiyalelo umsebenzi walo.