Sifo Ongakutshela ojahidada: amasu ukuhlolwa (Izibonelo)

Ukuhlola izindlela ezahlukene lezingane zasenkulisa ukuchitha enkulisa, futhi ngaphambi kokungena esikoleni. Ukuhlolwa ukusiza esikoleni ufunde mayelana ingane eziningi imininingwane ewusizo, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kuzosiza ukukhomba amaphutha imfundo nokuqeqeshwa; nokusebenza kwengqondo ukuthi Zingaphazamisa ingane yakho ukuthuthukisa evamile; izici, okuyinto kufanele sinake lapho beqala esikoleni nemfundo eyengeziwe.

Ukuhlola baba saziso ezikoleni eziningi. Inqubo yemfundo siyashintsha sonke isikhathi, kwenziwa izinguquko, plan zemfundo luyindida noma lula, izikole kokushintshela ifomu ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Konke lokhu kudinga ukuba ingane, nekhono ukuzivumelanisa. Futhi abazali ngaso sonke isikhathi uyakwazi ukunikeza izingane zabo ukuba afanelekele usizo kule ndaba, ngisho noma nje ngoba awazi ukuthi yini ncamashi kufanele asizwe. Yingakho kukhona ukuhlolwa ezasenkulisa.

Kulesi sihloko sixoxa ukwahluka uphethwe, zonke lezi ukuhlolwa ungakwazi usitshele izingane zethu, kufanele sinake ulalele iseluleko.

Kuyini sitholakele pre-school izingane

Ukuxilongwa izingane zasenkulisa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba amasu kanye izinkomba owethulwa yonke indawo, eziqala yokwemukela enkulisa. Zimelela uhlobo ukuhlolwa. Izindlela ezahlukene zihlukile, kodwa babe ngento eyodwa. bona zonke ukusiza abazali nothisha baqonde isimo ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo wengane ukunquma ekuzimiseleni kwakhe esikoleni noma enkulisa, ulwazi, ukuhlakanipha, kanye nokunye.

Ngokwesibonelo, abanye izivivinyo ingase ibonise nezici ezithile ezikhethekile izifundo ezithile esikhathini esizayo umfundi. Khona-ke kunengqondo ukuyisa izingane zabo ezikoleni ezikhethekile ne Ukugcizelelwa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, izibalo, wesayensi yezilimi, computer science nokunye. Endabeni uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuntula ulwazi namakhono, ungahlala ulungiselela ukungena ezikhungweni zemfundo nokwenza i-isikhathi elahlekile, nganoma yisiphi isizathu.

Awu ukuhlolwa kusiza ukuqonda ubudlelwane obufanele, izakhiwo, tinkinga temndeni, ngeziphambeko ngokwengqondo ehlukahlukene kusukela evamile ukuthola izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, imbangela ukuhlukumeza.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ethandwa kakhulu inkinga target izindawo ezahlukene.

ukulungela kwenqondo yesikole

Sifo esikoleni amasu Ukuzimisela yesikole - umzuzwana ibaluleke kakhulu yokwemukela wezemfundo. Ngaqaphela ukuthi zonke izingane ukuthuthukisa ngendlela yabo, ngesivinini sakhe nokukhuthala. Abanye abazali bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphambili ingane iqala ukufunda, lo ngokushesha futhi kangcono ke luyokhula. Ekhumbula okwenzeka kuye uqobo, abantu ngokuvamile bazisole ngokuthi abazange ukuya esikoleni ekuqaleni konyaka, noma ngisho ezimbili, ngoba kukhona umuzwa isikhathi esichithekayo usuke udlale ngesikhathi. Nokho, le ndlela yokukhuluma akuhlali. Izingane kungaba neze isilungele inqubo isikole. Ngesikhathi yokwemukela ezinye izimfanelo thina letitawuphuma esikoleni, ngaphandle lapho cwaningo uzonikezwa kanzima ngokwanele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuthala, ilukuluku, ikhono ukugcina nokuhlaziya ulwazi engenayo.

Ukuze ukuhlola ukuzimisela ukufunda, kukhona sitholakele izingane pre-school. Amasu ayatholakala kanje:

• Test Kern-Yeraseka - isivivinyo yakhula kakhulu esibandakanya amaqembu amaningi kwezingane.
• "Doris imisila amagundane" futhi "Doris izambulela ukuphatha" - isivivinyo kusiza ukucacisa ukuthi athuthukiswe kahle emihle motor amakhono yezandla.
• Ukuhunyushwa izaga - kusiza ukubona ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga kanye nekhono ukuchaza lomkhuba ngamazwi azo.

Ukuxilongwa amakhono lolwazi nokunakwa

Ukuze inqubo yokufunda kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela ezingeni lokunakekela ingane. Sifo esikoleni, izindlela sokunquma nokunakekela zisakazwa ibanga yokufundisa imvelo. Abahlukahlukene yesondlo imisebenzi ngale ndaba impela eningi, futhi bonke ngothi lwabo ziyasebenza futhi ukwambulwa.

Ukuze sithole ukunakekelwa usebenzisa ukuhlolwa ezilandelayo izingane engamashumi 5 ubudala: "Thola niwele out", "ubufakazi-test", "unxantathu". Ovivinyweni lokuqala umntwana unikezwa ishidi edwetshwe kulo ezihlukahlukene ngamajamo weJiyomethri. Ukuze uthole isikhathi esithile kumele kube indlela ekhethekile ukuwela isibalo kohlobo oluthile. Ekupheleni ekilasini yi ubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:

• S = (0,5N - 2,8n): t, lapho
  
  S - umphumela wokugcina, ukuthi plodding amazinga kanye ezifweni wengane,
  N - nenani lezinombolo Okubukwe
  n - nenani amaphutha,
  t - ukusebenza isikhathi sokusebenza.

Lapho "yekuhlungwa isampula" emshinini we izincwadi ezinyathelisiwe. Ingane kumele uwele le ezintathu uthisha okuthiwa ngalinye libonisa.

"Triangle" kudinga uhlobo preschooler ezithile sifinyelela sibalo kulayini ngamunye. Udokotela wengqondo kuthola operation amaphutha kanye run sikhathi, lapho ke imemezela yi.

Lolu vivinyo zihlanganisa sokuqhafaza ezitholwe esitokisini ezasenkulisa. Ingane eneminyaka engaphansi imigqa ezitholwe draw nomumo, wahlela ekhethekile, banikezwe uthisha ngendlela.

Ukuxilongwa ukuthuthukiswa zezibalo

Izibalo umfundi - akusiwona nje isiyalo. Athuthukisiwe ithuba zezibalo kwengqondo ivumela ingane ukuhlaziya ulwazi engenayo, kuba ngokushesha okungaka sokwetshisa futhi bakwenze. Ngakho-ke, sitholakele pre-school izingane, ukuthuthukiswa amasu zezibalo okuyizinto i ebalulekile okuyingxenye, ngempela olwenziwa ezikhungweni zemfundo abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene ukuqeqeshwa.

Phakathi amageyimu ukuhlola ukukhulula ezifana "Thola okufanayo," "Qoqa Ubuhlalu", "Qoqa isithombe". Kulesi sigaba kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi ingane ikwazi ukuba amphuzise isithombe mazombe izingcezu ezahlukene, ukuthola ukufana lezinto, ukuqhathanisa umbala, isayizi ngamajamo weJiyomethri.

Ukuxilongwa esikoleni ngokomzwelo: indlela

isimo Esitebeleni ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo - isihluthulelo yokufunda elikhiqizayo, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha endaweni ongayazi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ikhono iSilekeleli Sokwazisa kanye nokwakhiwa yobudlelwane nabanye. Phakathi ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni noma enkulisa ingane izuza ulwazi hhayi kuphela mayelana nezwe ekuhloleni eyala othize, kodwa nayo ifunda ukuqaphela ubunjalo bayo siqu, isikhundla salo umphakathi, ukuxhumana nabantu (ontanga nothisha).

Ukuxilongwa ngokomzwelo esikoleni amasu abaphila ngayo ihluke ngokuphelele. Inhloso ukuqinisekisa njengoba wabo wokuzidela ukuma ingane imvelo kanye nomphakathi, kanye nokuthola izindlela zokuya alungise ukwehluleka kungenzeka futhi izakhiwo. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla esikoleni abasebasha olwenziwa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Indima - ingane bamenywa ukuba bangenise nebasekhaya badlala indzima (amalungu omndeni isilwane, ngisho nezinto ezingaphili, ayiziphihli indaba abalingiswa).
• Psihogimnasticheskie umdlalo - kulezi imidlalo izingane kwakhiwa ukwamukelwa siqu igama kanye nezimfanelo ezakhayo yayo, ikhono ukuzazi.
• imidlalo Ukuxhumana - lezi imidlalo ukusiza izingane ukuba zifunde esichasiselweni ngomlomo salo sengqondo sokungafuni kubantu abaseduze, ethi imibono yabo siqu, futhi nezidingo nokulekelela, ukuxhumana nomphakathi ezizungezile.

Intelligence nentuthuko ngokwengqondo

Ukuxilongwa imisebenzi zasenkulisa kungathatha indawo ngezindlela eziningana, nokuhlolwa. Ezinye idili kuphela ikhono ukugxilisa ingqondo, kuyilapho abanye ezibonisa nenkululeko fantasy umcabango, nabanye ukukhombisa ikhono ukuqhathanisa nokunye. Amasu ekuxilongeni esikoleni amadala zenzelwe, ngokuyinhloko ukubonisa ukulungela wengane yesikole, kanye ukuqeda esheshayo umzila amaphutha kungenzeka imfundo kuvisisa umhlaba. Ngaphambi ukukhululwa kwe-enkulisa nge izingane zasenkulisa bavame ukuchitha amakilasi alandelayo:

• "Isifanekiso". Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa ukuthi athuthukiswe kahle wengane ezibukwayo-motor, ezibukwayo-engokomfanekiso, izindlela ngamazwi-okunengqondo yokucabanga. Ingabe umsebenzi ukuthi ingane inikezwa 5-10 imizuzu balolonge kusukela plasticine ebaziwe. Ngokuba Chile isethwe kusuka amaphuzu 0 kuya ku-10:
  0-1 - ngokulandelana, uma ingane wayengakwazi ukuthola ukuthi wayengeke sculpt isikhathi esabelwe emsebenzini;
  2-3 amaphuzu obala ngoba amafomu elula (ibhola, cube, vimbela, njll);
  4-5 amaphuzu - a Hack elula inombolo encane izingxenye;
  6-7 amaphuzu - i mshini engavamile, kodwa ngaphandle ukubandakanyeka kakhulu fantasy;
  8-9 - yasekuqaleni ebaziwe nge isamba elanele isinqamu, kodwa hhayi nekuchazwa kuze kube sekupheleni;
  10 amaphuzu - konke yale mibandela engenhla ziyagcinwa.
• "Yazi izibalo." Le nqubo kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa izinhlobo inkumbulo, unesibopho ukuqashelwa. Lolu hlobo ovezwa engu ekuseni kakhulu futhi unesibopho kumiswa ngokwengeziwe ikhono lokwamukela nokugcina ulwazi.

ubudlelwane obufanele

Akekho umuntu akakwazi zimiswe atihambi todvwa. Ukuze imvelo komuntu kwezenhlalo kubalulekile, futhi kuphela umuntu encane - nakakhulu. Phakathi ekukhuleni kwayo izingane uxhumane ne zabo abazali, izihlobo, ontanga, izingane ezindadlana nabantu abasebasha, othisha, abaqeqeshi nokunye. Zonke lezi ubudlelwano ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa ubuntu kanye nezimfanelo zayo. Ngokuzayo wengane incike umphakathi yayo kanye nemvelo. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuthi yenza kahle kanjani nomthelela ubudlelwano nomphakathi, kukhona ukuhlolwa okukhethekile izingane iminyaka 5 nangaphezulu.

Omunye edume kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa njalo - Wezingane Apperception Test Bellac. Nale ucwaningo, ungakwazi ukuhlonza nezisusa eziholayo izidingo ingane njengoba ingane ubona abazali bakhe futhi sibaphathe (kuhlanganise isici imibhangqwana), ikakhulukazi ubuhlobo nabanye abantu, ukuze abone izingxabano intrapersonal, ukuchaza umsebenzi izindlela ngokwengqondo zokuzivikela, ufunde ukwesaba zokwesaba, nokugula ngengqondo, ukubasiza abhekane nemiphumela engemihle.

AL Wenger umnikelo sitholakele abafundi

Leonid Abramovich Venger - omunye zokusebenza kwengqondo evelele kunazo zonke Russian nawaseSoviet abaye banikezela ukuphila kwabo cwaninga izici ukuthuthukiswa ngokwengqondo kwezingane zasenkulisa. noma kunjalo ukuhlolwa eziningi zanamuhla ubheke umsebenzi ezazibhekwa labetibambile A. L. Venger. PhD uphenyo izici okuqonda zomhlaba bese uthinta nemfundo yezingane ezincane. Ngesisekelo lezi idatha, wadala ukuthuthukiswa lokuqala zokuxilonga amasu esikoleni. Ngesisekelo ucwaningo wakhe awumisile uhlelo "Development" futhi "ingane onamakhono".

Lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa kulo lonke izinkulisa Russian. bona aqukethe ekufundiseni izingane ukusebenzisa bebodwa futhi udale ezihlukahlukene izikimu, izinhlelo, imidwebo. Umphumela waba ukwakhiwa ukucabanga ethize zokudala.

Omunye kakhulu elisetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwakhe - olunothile. Ukuxilongwa lezingane zasenkulisa ikhono ngokususela izici wabenza izibalo womuntu, ekhona nezilwane yokuzicabangela, umndeni izithombe ashukumisayo. Ngokwezibalo kungacacisa ukuthi noma ngabe ngenxa yokuqonda kwale ngane emhlabeni iminyaka yangempela, ukukhomba indima social futhi ubuntu evelele imvelo futhi umndeni, ukucacisa kobukhulu nokuphazamiseka engqondweni, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, ukukhathazeka kanye nokunye.

Ukuxilonga yentuthuko inkulumo lezingane zasenkulisa

Ukuxilongwa izingane zasenkulisa - iphuzu elibalulekile ngoba noma iyiphi ingane, sokunquma yokuvuma layo izikhungo zemfundo kanye ikhono lokukhulumisana nabanye ngokuphumelelayo nezwe. kahle kanjani kahle ikhono lokubonisa ngomlomo imicabango yabo futhi balithole, kuzoncika ekutheni ziyenze kanjani ukuqonda abantu bakhe ezungeze (kuhlanganise nothisha), kanye kahle kanjani sokwetshisa ulwazi kusuka ngaphandle.

Uma ezitholwe womfanekiso iseli ezasenkulisa ibonisa ukucabangela indlela athuthukile kanye lokuhlushwa ingane, ukuze kuhlonzwe selulwimi lolukhulunywako kudinga izindlela zalo siqu, ikakhulukazi ngamazwi.

Ukuze eyehlukene usebenzisa ukuhlola ezahlukene, okuyinto kungokwemvelo. Angefani esakhula ingane kufanele bayazi kahle zonke amakhono amasha, ukuhlolwa strip Kufanele usukume ngokuhambisana nezidingo yobudala.

Ngakho-ke, iqembu engu-eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweziyisithupha, inqubo "ukuhamba Dictionary". Lokhu Indlela iqukethe imisebenzi ecishe ibe yisithupha focus obuhlukahlukene futhi zibonisa inani silulumagama. Futhi kubonisa indlela ingane angasebenzisa ulimi ajwayelekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ezidinga ukusabela okusheshayo.

Ukuze abadala abangontanga wasebenzisa ukuhlolwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibonisa ezingeni yentuthuko yokukhuluma, inhlangano umkhiqizo, ikhono ukuqonda izimo ngesisekelo okuqonda sibonwa futhi sokuzwa. Lolu vivinyo zihlanganisa indlela Ebbinghaus. Imisebenzi yale ndlela yokuhlola ayatholakala, ezifana "Faka amagama olahlekile," "Beka iphuzu futhi ukhefana", phindza ucoce lokho akuzwa izinsalela umbhalo, phindza ucoce zokufunda, ukulungiswa iziphakamiso ezivela isede enikelweko amazwi, incazelo yokuthi yini eyenzekayo izithombe ashukumisayo, isilinganiso ezahlukene syntactic amafomu iziphakamiso ezithombeni sibonakalisa incazelo yabo, njalo njalo.

professional lokuzibusa

Bayanda e izinkulisa yesimanje nezikole ehlola ngoba isiqondiso sokufundela eneminyaka engu-iminyaka ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Isidingo sokuba lesi sivivinyo kuxoxwa njalo. Amasu babe abasekeli babo, futhi-ke, izitha. Nokho, lokhu ukuhlolwa laqanjwa ngesizathu esithile.

Imodeli yesimanje lemfundo uya ukuzama ukwenza lokuqeqesha compact futhi ezikhethekile kakhulu. izifundo ezimbalwa kukhona ayimpoqo, ngokwethukela yokuhamba ukuze isimo zifundo ozikhethayo kanye amakilasi engeziwe. Yingakho lokuzibusa njengoba uchwepheshe esemncane ezinjalo, ngokusho kongoti eziningi imvelo zemfundo, - ngemali ephansi nesikhathi yokonga. ukuhlolwa ezikhethekile ukusiza ukuthola ikakhulukazi evelele ohlangothini uhlamvu yokucabanga, izithakazelo, imikhuba, kanye nemisebenzi eziletha emizweni ezimnandi kakhulu, bese ukusiza ukukhetha umsebenzi esizayo ngesisekelo idatha etholwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ingane iyodwa ayikwazi anqume ezithakazelweni nezifiso, kulesi simo, novivinyo olunjalo wayengatshela kuye lokho angakwenzela ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, lokho amakilabhu noma Amazing'Bhalisa, okubeka ukuba ufundele umuntu ukudweba izifundo ezengeziwe. Kodwa lokhu akusho kuzokhawulwa Imiphumela preschooler test. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nhlobonhlobo uhlelo ukwamukele imfundo, ukuthuthukiswa liyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe okugcwele ephelele yomuntu. Lokhu kuhlola angasiza ekutholeni izinkanuko impilo, kodwa ngempela akufanele iwukunciphisa inani Imininingwane wabeka sokuthuthukiswa avumelanayo ndoda omncane.