Schrödinger sika ikati - ukuhlola abadumile nakuba

Schrödinger sika ikati - esidumile umcabango isilingo. It esebeké lodumo kaNobel physics - usosayensi Austrian Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger.

Ingqikithi ukuhlola kwaba kanje. Ngo evaliwe ekamelweni (ibhokisi) yafakwa ikati. Ibhokisi ifakwe indlela okuyindawo ehlanganisa i-nucleus enemisebe futhi igesi enobuthi. Amapharamitha zikhethwa ukuze ehoreni elilodwa ematfuba kwamazinyo yenuzi ncamashi amahlanu amaphesenti. Uma i-nucleus disintegrates, lo mshini kuyofika ukusebenza futhi izovula esitsheni igesi enobuthi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-cat Schrödinger iyafa.

Ngokusho imithetho ka quantum Mechanics, uma wena awuligubhi nucleus, isimo salo uzobe kuchazwe ngokuvumelana isimiso superposition kwamazwe ezimbili eziyisisekelo - nucleus isihlakazeka futhi sesibolile. Futhi lapha kukhona indida: cat Schrödinger sika, ohlezi ebhokisini, kungaba efile futhi uyaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kodwa uma uvula ibhokisi, experimenter ubona isimo esithile eyodwa kuphela. Noma "core yawa, ikati ufile" noma "core lwaqhekeka, ikati Schrödinger liyaphila."

Ngokunengqondo, okukhipha sizoba omunye izinto ezimbili: noma ikati bukhoma noma ikati efile. Kodwa nakhu isilwane Zingakwazi ukufunda ku kokubili uthi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Schrödinger wazama kanjalo ukufakazela umbono wabo mayelana nokulinganiselwa quantum Mechanics.

Ngokwe-Copenhagen incazelo ka-quantum physics, futhi lesi silingo ngokukhethekile, ikati omunye isigaba ababezoba (efile-liyaphila) ozuza lezi izakhiwo kuphela ngemva kumuntu wangaphandle eyayizophazamisa inqubo. Kodwa lapha kuze kube yilolu ingqapheli alikho (lapha libhekisela khona umuntu othize, okuyinto kunezinzuzo ngesimo nokucaca kombono kanye ukwazi), i-cat izoba limbo "phakathi kokufa nokuphila."

Adume Isaga sasendulo ukuthi ikati sihambahamba ngawodwana, izuza shades ezintsha nezithakazelisayo ngomongo lesi silingo.

Ngokusho Everett eziningi-imihlaba incazelo, okuyinto kuyahluka ngokuphawulekayo kusukela Copenhagen classical, inqubo ukuqapha njengenkulumo ukuba into ekhethekile. Bobabili uthi, okungaba Schrödinger cat kule incazelo esingaba khona. Kodwa decohere nomunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubunye lezi uthi ziyophulwa ngokufanayo nje ngenxa ukuxhumana nezwe elingaphandle. Kuyinto obuka ovula ebhokisini, uphatheke kabi isimo ikati.

Kukholakala ukuthi izwi lokugcina kule ndaba kufanele kwesokunxele ukuba isidalwa likhwapha Schrödinger sika. Okwakushiwo umbono onjalo - ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi kulo lesi silingo, kuba isilwane kuphela ngokuphelele ingqapheli abanekhono. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi Max Tegmark, Bruno Marshal noHans Morava ukuguqulwa ethulwa ngenhla sokuhlola, lapho iphuzu eliyinhloko umbono ukubukwa ikati. Kulokhu, ikati Schrödinger sika nakanjani ukusinda, ngoba imiphumela kungabonakala nasemkhakheni onguyena kuphela osaphila, ikati. Kodwa usosayensi Nadav Katz imiphumela eshicilelwe wakhe, okuyinto wakwazi 'ukubuyela' isimo kuyizinhlayiyana emuva ngemva kokushintsha isimo salo. Ngakho, amathuba okusinda ikati ukwandisa appreciably.