Eminyuziyamu (Veliky Novgorod): izakhiwo sokhuni, Kremlin, nokuningi

ERussia, zikhona izindawo enomlando omude, izikhumbuzo kahle walondoloza, zezindela ngamasiko sasendulo, ngokuvamile ngokuthi umuzi-Museum. Velikiy Novgorod - omunye lezo zindawo yisakhiwo sodumo. Umlando muzi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1150, namuhla kukhona ezikhumbuzo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu okuqondene eminyaka 9-17, futhi zonke lezi zinto ziyingxenye yokuphila yesimanje. Tours ukuze Novgorod ethandwa phakathi baseRussia izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.

Novgorod ezibiyele

Umuzi ngokwawo itholakala loMfula emfuleni Volkhov. Ibhange kwesokunxele komfula 1044 ewuqapha Novgorod ezibiyele, igama layo lasendulo - Detinets. ERussia sidilizwa Novgorod Elikhulu laliyisikhungo a ubukhulu enamandla. Detinets wakhonza umsebenzi ukuzivikela, kanye wakhonza njengephayona indawo lapho umhlangano esemthethweni, uhulumeni wamukela isinqumo futhi wayeya Chamber abantu.

Ezibiyele - lena indawo yokuqala lapho zezihambeli ziyafika, wanquma ukuvakashela e-Museum Veliky Novgorod. Territory eyinkimbinkimbi lizungezwe obukhulu inqaba izindonga, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-15, kuze kube kulesi sikhathi izindonga Kwakugawulwa izinkuni. Ekuqaleni, imibhoshongo ayisishiyagalolunye eyakhelwe azungezwe Detintsa, kodwa bobathathu kwabhujiswa, nini akwaziwa. Ngo 1045 on ensimini of the complex sokuzivikela yakhiwa St Sophia Cathedral, namuhla ke ingenye lokusinda Orthodox endala Russian.

ukuhlelwa kabusha Obalulekile, ukunwetshwa kanye nokuqinisa ezibiyele wahlupheka ngesikhathi kubusa Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12. Kuze kube sekupheleni amasonto esangweni ekhulwini eziningana ezakhiwa, ngekhulu le-15 ukuhlanganiswa olwesimanje ngokuvumelana izinsongo ezintsha kuye kwavela ngokuqondene "umlilo lokulwa '. Ngonyaka ukugujwa Millennium Russia (1862) e-Novgorod ezibiyele labetibambile ukubuyiselwa full-scale, efakwe isikhumbuzo isikhumbuzo kosuku olukhulu.

Kutholwe ngaphakathi ezibiyele, kuwufanele ngokuvakashela i Faceted Chamber, ukwakha indawo esemthethweni, Wezingane Museum isikhungo, esontweni Andreya Stratilata nabanye. Namuhla, endaweni isakhiwo lasendulo elibamba nemibukiso, izenzakalo thematic, eminyuziyamu. Velikiy Novgorod owaqala ngokuvukela Detintsa, futhi namuhla emzini kuyinto isikhungo esiyinhloko zezimboni, nabanengqondo futhi zomlando yeRussia.

Vitoslavlitsy

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe bokwakha wokhuni Novgorod isendaweni indawo ye Vitoslavlice edolobhaneni elidala okhule eduze St George besilisa sezindela emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Indawo olunothile kakhulu, kukhona umfula Volkhov, Lake Myachin, zonke izakhiwo ubheke izivakashi lesengcile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi inganekwane - ngokuqinisekile indaba weqiniso.

Kudlulwa ezitaladini, ungabona imininingwane emzaneni maqhugwane bobudala obungefani, Izindlwana encane namathempeli okusezingeni eliphezulu lokhuni. Zonke ziphephile kungenziwa wavakashela, angene ngaphakathi futhi ubone ukuthi ukuphila Kwahlelwa. Ifenisha, izindwangu, imidwebo ezandleni abazokwazi restorers professional bathole ukuphila yesibili. Open Air Reserve waqala umsebenzi Meyi 16, 1967 futhi itholakala 4 km kusuka Novgorod Omkhulu.

inqolobane ziphephile

Manje Museum bokwakha lokhuni eNovgorod kuyinto ku arsenal of lemine kweshumi lokhuni esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo. Abaningi babo basonta ngekhulu le-16, ingxenye Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo yezimboni - inkathi 18-19 eminyaka. Ziphephile ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• Church of the kukaJesu. Le nkinga yaqala ngekhulu le-16. Lathuthela edolobhaneni Peredki (Borovichsky District).
• Church of kweNyuka kwalesi sigodi Kuritsko (esifundeni Novgorod). Tentatively yayakhiwe e 1595.
• Zintathu Church. Ithempeli lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane 1672-1676 nangaphambili zazigcinwa ehlane Rekonskoy (Lyubytinsky District).

Kukhona umoya Russian ... Uzwa

Museum of Architecture eNovgorod libizwa kazwelonke. Esiqiwini ethnographic esitholakalayo embukisweni thematic, ise maqhugwane Museum, njenge:

• "Umnotho nokuphila we abalimi."
• "Christening".
• "Wedding. Itafula Prince sika."
• "Spring ihlobo amaholide."
• "Ukuphila Winter abalimi."

Lapha njalo ayeba nemikhosi temdzabu amakhonsathi yamaqembu abantu, futhi bell ukukhala. imikhosi elikhulu ihlelwe ku Pancake Day, lwePentekoste, Christmas nezinye izinsuku ezibalulekile. Kusukela 2013, "farmstead" wavula ezithakazelisayo abadala kanye nezingane. Njengengxenye embukisweni nazane nangezilwane ezifuywayo, okungamazwe agcinwe kule ipulazi ongumlimi.

Vitoslavlitsy - elikhanyayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ethnographic, esesikhundleni embukisweni yayo, imibukiso iminyuziyamu. Veliky Novgorod nendawo esikuyo ukunikeza ithuba bajwayelane nemikhuba yamasiko, ukunikezela izindaba isikhathi, yezandla futhi uhlale isigqi zokuphila kwanamuhla.

zokungcebeleka

Esikhathini lasendulo umugqa edolobheni phakathi yesimanjemanje umlando buzofiphaliswa kakhulu. Izikhangibavakashi at zonke sinyathelo, ngakho kwenzekani emfushane indawo hambo, kunengqondo ukuthi waba ini ukubona ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthi uvakashele iminyuziyamu. Veliky Novgorod has a uhlu olude hambo nezindawo yisakhiwo sodumo:

• Amasonto ababhishobhi namathempeli. Ngaphezu Hagia Sophia, kubalulekile ukuba uhlole iparele sesakhiwo Russia medieval - Church of the isimo, iSonto St. Philip futhi Nikoly Chudotvortsa, elakhiwa phezu imali abathengisi ekhulwini le-17. Ngu ezikhumbuzo abalulekile yezakhiwo zihlanganisa St Nicholas Cathedral (1113 unyaka ukwakhiwa), kude injena ibandla St Paraskeva. Kusukela 13 kungcwelisa ekhulwini impilo Novgorod Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. Umuzi ine futhi amathempeli amaningi asendulo, ezinye zazo isebenze njengophawu Museum, futhi abanye basonta besifunda-bhishobhi futhi asetshenziselwa injongo yabo ehlosiwe.
• iconography Museum. It eqoqwe imifanekiso 300, eyokuqala esukela emuva Ngekhulu le-11, kanti isixuku esikhulu ezihlobene esikoleni yesimanje. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuze Novgorod isithonjana Umdwebo esikoleni.
• Ukuze umculo abathanda uyoba nesithakazelo eMnyuziyamu Musical Antiquities igama Povetkina V I. lapho nazane belezinto kazwelonke, ukulandela ukuziphendukela kwaso.
• ubuciko namasiko Museum ligcinwe okweshumi sezindela. Lo mbukiso izici emidwebweni, embukisweni china ubudala, elibamba ezamasiko kanye zemfundo.

Lolu hlu iDemo kungenziwa kulekelelwa ezindaweni eziningi eziyingqayizivele ngaphezulu, kodwa ngisho ukuhamba uzungeze umuzi, ungabona ngokuningiliziwe indlela ayephila ezinsukwini zakudala. Qiniseka uthola emehlweni i Umfanekiso lasendulo, endleleni, uphahlwe indlela endala, noma Isigodlo, izindonga okuyinto ngasinda ezingaphezu kweyodwa ehlasela.