SanPiN: magciwane futhi inzalo imikhiqizo yezokwelapha

ERussia, zonke izikhungo emisebenzini sokwelashwa kufanele ziphoqelelwe ukuba basebenze ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso elawula, phakathi okuyinto ebalulekile kuthatha magciwane efanele futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha.

Kungani athobele ejwayelekile

Namuhla, abaningi, ngisho kude amadoda imithi asayine eside ezifana ukutheleleka nosocomial. Lokhu kubandakanya noma yisiphi isifo ukuthi uyagula noma ngenxa Sokuzivikela yayo esikhungweni wezokwelapha, noma inhlangano abasebenzi ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo. Ngokwezibalo, ezibhedlela kuhlinzwa ezingeni yezinkinga ukuvuvukala, kulandela ukugasela, net 12-16% e yezinkinga izifo zabesifazane, kulandela ukugasela zenzeka 11-14% abesifazane. Ngemva kokuhlola isakhiwo yokugula kucaca ukuthi 7 kuya ku-14% izinsana bane ezibhedlela kanye izigceme ezingane.

Yiqiniso, iphethini ezinjalo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni hhayi zonke izibhedlela nekwenteka kwabo kuncike ezicini eziningi ezifana uhlobo isikhungo, uhlobo losizo, ukushuba izindlela yokudlulisela izifo nosocomial, isakhiwo yayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, omunye main izinyathelo ze-non-ethize ukuvimbela ukuvela yokudlulisela izifo nosocomial iyona magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha.

imibhalo zokulawula

Emsebenzini walo, zonke izikhungo zezempilo siholwa izincomo livikeleke iziqondiso eziningi. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we eyisisekelo SanPin (magciwane futhi inzalo imikhiqizo yezokwelapha kulo ingxenye ehlukile). Popular wokubuyekeza sivunyiwe ngo-2010. Iphinde inquma ekusebenzeni zezempilo zihlanganisa iziqondiso elandelayo.

1. inombolo 52 soMthetho, esiyingxenye wamemezela nokuvikeleka epidemiological sabantu.
2. Oda № 408 (i-hepatitis viral) ka 12.07.1984.
3. Inombolo ye-oda 720 (ukuze ulwe nezifo nosocomial).
4. Oda kusukela 03.09.1999, lo (ukuthuthukiswa magciwane).

OST "Sterilisation magciwane bemishini yezokwelapha» № 42-21-2-85 Ungomunye imibhalo esemqoka elawula ukucutshungulwa amathuluzi ejwayelekile. Lokho ziqondiswe zonke izibhedlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inani elikhulu imihlahlandlela (MU), magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha lapho ibhekwa ngokombono izibulali-magciwane ezahlukene ogunyaziwe le njongo. Namuhla, ngenxa yokuthi abaningi ngokusemthethweni evunywe ngobuthi bokwaziswa okunganembile. kusho iziqondiso ezifanele nazo iyingxenye ebalulekile imibhalo lapho umsebenzi ezikhungweni zezempilo ngaphansi ukwakhiwa. Kuze kube manje, i-standard ukucutshungulwa ithuluzi unezigaba ezintathu zilandelana - magciwane, Ji futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha.

magciwane

Ukubulala amagciwane libizwa iqoqo izinyathelo ngenxa lapho Amagciwane ayafa e izinto imvelo. Lezi zihlanganisa ebusweni (izindonga, iphansi, amafasitela, ifenisha kanzima, imishini ebusweni), imikhiqizo yezempilo (nelineni, tableware, imishini sanitary), kanye uketshezi lomzimba, kwemihlambi iziguli nokunye. D.

Ekukhombeni umthombo ukutheleleka Kwenziwa umcimbi, ngokuthi "magciwane eqondile." Umgomo yalo iwukuba ukubhubhisa Amagciwane ngqo wembula izikhungo. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo magciwane ebalulekile:

• yamanje - ukuthi wenziwa izibhedlela ukuvimbela ukusabalala ukutheleleka;
• wokugcina - Kuboshwe umthombo ukutheleleka isehlane, okungukuthi umuntu ogulayo esibhedlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona magciwane yokuvimbela. imisebenti yayo kwenziwe njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthombo ukutheleleka. Bahlanganisa ukugeza izandla ukuhlanzwa we evele ezizungezile usebenzisa ejenti kokuba izithasiselo amagciwane.

izindlela magciwane

Kuye imigomo elandelayo izindlela magciwane asetshenziselwa:

• Mechanical: Lokhu kuhlanganisa oqondile isinyathelo mechanical ngale ndaba - yokuhlanza ezimanzi, u- noma ungqongqoze ukuphuma zokulala - ke engenzi abulale amagciwane, kodwa ukunciphisa isibalo sabo okwesikhashana kuphela;
• Physical: ultraviolet ukuchayeka, lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi - kulesi simo ukubhujiswa kunjalo ngokunemba we lokushisa kanye ukuchayeka isikhathi;
• Chemistry: ukubhujiswa nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic ngamakhemikhali - ekushoniseni, esesula noma isixazululo into ngenkasa chemical (indlela ezivame kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle);
• biology - kulesi simo ukusetshenziswa omelene we silwanyana ukuthi liyadingeka ukubhubhisa (ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa kuziteshi ekhethekile bacteriological);
• Kuhlanganiswe - ihlanganisa izindlela eziningana magciwane.

OST "Sterilisation magciwane bemishini yezokwelapha" 42-21-2-85 izimangalo ngaleyo ngenqubo magciwane kufanele kube zonke izinto kanye namathuluzi ngawo isiguli kuye kwadingeka contact. Ngo zezempilo ukuze ukusetshenziswa ngokomzimba noma amakhemikhali magciwane indlela. Lapho liqedwa, umkhiqizo, kuye ngokuthi lapho babeya khona, zibuye kusetshenzwe, kabusha noma kabusha esetshenziswa.

pre-inzalo ukuhlanzwa

Ukubulala amagciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha for eziningi ukuba inzalo inikeza ngisho pre-yokuhlanza, ebanjwa emva umkhiqizo magciwane. Inhloso yalesi sinyathelo is final ukususwa mechanical izinsalela fat and amaprotheni ezingcolisa kanye imithi.

New SanPiN, magciwane futhi inzalo imikhiqizo yezokwelapha okuyinto kubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe, sihlinzekela izigaba ezilandelayo PSO.

1. Ingakapheli imizuzu engu-0.5 umkhiqizo ubizwa wageza ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo ukususa isixazululo magciwane asalile.
2. Esikhathini yotshwala ukugeza, ukwenziwa lapho kuphela i-ejenti evunyiwe esetshenziswa, imikhiqizo ugcwala ukucwiliswa egcwele. Kuleso simo, uma libe izingxenye eziningana umkhiqizo kumele adiliza, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi wonke izimbotshana bagcwala isixazululo. Uma ukuchayeka yokuhlanza isixazululo lokushisa 50º kuyinto imizuzu engu-15.
3. Ngemva kwesikhathi ngomkhiqizo ngamunye nge iziphika noma gauze Tampon ngoba 0.5 ngomzuzu ukugeza e ikhambi efanayo.
4. Running imikhiqizo amanzi hashaza. Ubude besikhathi hashaza incike ejenti esetshenziswa ( "Astra", "I-Lotus" - imizuzu 10 "Inqubekela" - 5 "Biolot" - 3).
5. Uhlambulule emanzini distilled imizuzwana engu-30.
6. Iphele in the hot air omiswe Ohhavini.

Ukulungisa isixazululo yokuhlanza kusetshenziswa 5 g CMC ( "Inqubekela", "Astra", "I-Lotus", "Biolot"), perhydrol 33% - 16 g, noma 27.5% - 17 kwaba uvumelekile ukusetshenziswa 6% (85 g ) futhi 3% (170 g) i-hydrogen peroxide, namanzi aseduzane - kuya ku-1 litre.

amathuluzi Modern esetshenziselwa magciwane, ivumela ukuba sihlanganise izinqubo of magciwane kanye PCP. Kulokhu, ngemva kokuzibeka elangeni ngqo ngobuthi bokwaziswa okunganembile. ikhambi Kunenkolelo amathuluzi ershevanie futhi - zonke izigaba alandelayo Ji.

ukulawula izinga

JV, magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha ukuthi zipendwe ngokoqobo step by step, unake kakhulu ukulawula izinga esigabeni ngasinye ukucubungula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, olwenziwa isilawuli isampula engekho iphathwa igazi umkhiqizo, nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali proteinaceous kanye izinga wokugeza izinto zokususa amabala. Control is phansi amaphesenti omunye amathuluzi ngayo.

Phenolphthalein Isivivinyo ukuhlola elingakanani kahle imikhiqizo yokuwasha zisusiwe, okuye esetshenziswe kweyabase presterilizing yokuhlanza. Ukuze ukusebenza kwalo swab lisetshenziswa inombolo encane eseqedile 1% isixazululo phenolphthalein, bese Sula imikhiqizo ukuthi ufuna ukuhlola. Uma kukhona coloration pink, ikhwalithi wokugeza izihlanzi uthathwa enganele.

Ukubulala amagciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha adinga ukuqapha zonke izigaba, kanye nomunye isampula, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ukuhlola kahle kanjani izinyathelo zokuqala ziye eyenziwa - ke azopiramovaya isampula. It ucubungula ukuba khona noma ukungabi wegazi asalile kubo, nezidakamizwa. Sokufeza isixazululo yayo edingekayo azopirama okuyinto iphekwe kungenziwa walondoloza izinyanga 2 esiqandisini (ekamelweni lokushisa, le nkathi mfushane ukuze inyanga eyodwa). A ingaphazamisi we reagent ngokungabi bikho inzika akuphazamisi izinga layo.

Ukuze isampuli nje ngaphambi enifeza inombolo efanayo azopirama kanye 3% i-hydrogen peroxide babe exubile bese isetshenziswa ukuhlola ku igazi ibala. Ukubukeka umbala violet ibonisa ukuthi isisebenzi reagent - ungaqala isivivinyo. Ukuze lokhu reagent okulungiselelwe swab oswakanyiswe futhi Sula kobuso amathuluzi kanye nemishini. Imikhiqizo kokuba iziteshi eziyize, amaconsi ambalwa reagent ufakwa futhi ekupheleni 1 iminithi, hlola imiphumela, benaka ekhethekile emalungeni. Esimweni lapho kwakukhona umbala violet, kancane kancane kuphenduke color pink-lilac, ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona igazi. umbala sinombala kubonisa khona nokugqwala onsomi - izinto kampompi ukuxova umuthi wokugoma.

Ukuze kokuhlaziywa ngendlela efanele Imiphumela azopiramovoy isampula kumele inake izici eziningana:

• isampuli kubhekwa omuhle kuphela uma kwakukhona staining phakathi ngomzuzu wokuqala ngemva kwesicelo se-reagent;
• isixazululo ukusebenza kungasetshenziswa kuphela yokuqala amahora amabili ngemuva ukupheka;
• imikhiqizo kumele kube ekamelweni lokushisa (phezu esishisayo isampula ngeke sokwaziswa);
• kungakhathaliseki imiphumela umkhiqizo lapho isampula sihlanzwe ngamanzi futhi aphinde ngaphansi uhlanzekile eyenziwa predsteriztsionnoy.

Uma imiphumela emihle emva amasampula lonke batch futhi sesimeni yi ezimbi.

inzalo

Sterilisation yisinyathelo e ukucutshungulwa labo imikhiqizo engama nabo surface isilonda ka mucosa noma igazi, kanye amalungiselelo nemijovo. Ngakho kukhona ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe zonke izinhlobo ezincane, kokubili vegetative kanye spore. Ukuthwala zonke manipulations ngaleyo ndlela ezilungisiwe ngokuningilizwe kangaka idokhumenti normative moh, njengoba kuphume umyalelo wokuthi. Sterilisation magciwane bemishini yezokwelapha ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana imininingwane ukusungulwa wezokwelapha, futhi injongo yabo. Egcinwe imikhiqizo inzalo, kuncike iphakethe izinyanga can usuku eziyisithupha.

izindlela inzalo

Izindlela ze-magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha athé ukwehluka nomunye. Sterilisation Kwenziwa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• ezishisayo - emoyeni, isitimu glasperlenovy;
• chemical - igesi noma izixazululo kwamakhemikhali
• oketshezini olungenambala olusegazini noma i-ozone,
• ngemisebe.

Ngo nezikhungo zezokwelapha ngokuvamile umusi, emoyeni, noma izindlela amakhemikhali. Ngakho ebalulekile yenqubo inzalo iyona mkhosi ngokucophelela imibandela eshiwo (isikhathi, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi). Mode magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha kuyakhethwa kuncike impahla kuyiphi workpiece senziwa.

indlela umoya

Ngakho inzalo yezokwelapha amathuluzi, amadivaysi kanye izingxenye amadivayisi eyinsimbi ingilazi futhi abicah zenjoloba. Ngaphambi umjikelezo inzalo umkhiqizo kufanele kahle omisiwe.

Ukusuka esiphezulu kusukela lokushisa kule ndlela inzalo kumele singeqi 3 ° C.

umusi indlela

Intuthu indlela iwukuba esetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni amaningi, ngenxa umjikelezo esifushane, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kwayo i-lokuhlanzisisa izihloko eyenziwe ukushisa izinto ezizwelayo (izindwangu, sutures kanye kusaladi, imikhiqizo iraba, plastic, latex). Inzalo le ndlela abayifunayo ngokusebenzisa isitimu enikeziwe ngaphansi overpressure. Lokhu kwenzeka ngendlela Sterilizer umusi noma autoclave.

Ukwehluka kwi-ingcindezi imibuso bavunyelwe 2 kg / m² kanye lokushisa - 1-2 °.

Glasperlenovaya inzalo

ukwesekwa Technical nezikhungo zezokwelapha eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu futhi lokhu uphawuleka SP zokugcina (magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha). New inzalo indlela, eye kabanzi izibhedlela - ke glasperlenovaya inzalo. It is egxilile ithuluzi eshisayo medium 190 - 330 ° glass ubuhlalu. Inqubo inzalo kuthatha imizuzu, futhi ngemva ithuluzi ilungele ukusetshenziswa. Yini embi ngalo le ndlela ukuthi angabavikela amathuluzi amancane kuphela, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko emahhovisi kwamazinyo.

Ukubulala amagciwane, yokuhlanza, inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha kukhona izinto ezidingekayo emlandweni wanamuhla zezempilo. Kuzo zonke imisebenzi oyokwenziwa kanye, okuyinto livikeleke iziqondiso evunywe i-Ministry of Health, kuzoya impilo kokubili iziguli kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.