Ngokumpompela Igazi - Iyini?

Kancane engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, isintu ubengazi ukuba khona amaqembu igazi ezahlukene. Mayelana RH isici, sifundile kamuva kakhulu, iminyaka 76 kuphela edlule. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukumpontshelwa uyekile kubulale ngokwemvelo futhi sekube ngasuthi abavamile inqubo kulondoloza ukuphila kwabantu abaningi kangaka emhlabeni wonke.

Isayensi yokumpontshelwa

Ngokumpompela Igazi - lokhu ingenye yezindawo Hematology, isayensi igazi. Ubelokhu ukutadisha igazi, ukulondoloza ukudla emabhodleleni, igazi ehlukana phakathi, kokusungulwa yokufakelwa igazi esikhundleni, kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zingenzeka ukumpontshelwa futhi ngemva kwaso. Haematology futhi Transfusiology ngokukhethekile - isihambile amagatsha wokuphila emkhakheni wamuva wezokwelapha. Lokhu akusona isimanga.

Ukuze odokotela abahlinzayo, ukunakekelwa ochwepheshe olunzulu, obstetricians, anesthetists futhi kabusha ukuvela kanye nokuthuthukiswa isayensi ezifana Transfusiology - lokhu kuyisinyathelo esikhulu phambili.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ukumpontshelwa igazi lisetshenziselwa eziphuthumayo futhi singasho, njengendlela yokugcina. Ezimweni lapho isifo iye yathuthuka, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha noma kuhlinzwa sehluleke, Udokotela bakwazi ukuthatha ingozi. Isiguli nodokotela Bengazi ukuthi izinga lempumelelo cishe elilingana amathuba okufa.

Namuhla Transfusiology - kuyinto isayensi yesimanje futhi ithuthuka ngokushesha. It kusekhona eziningi okwatholwa nokwasungulwa.

Basics ukumpontshelwa

Ngesisekelo isayensi ethi Transfusion ukubeka ukuvulwa 1900 no-1940 lwegazi nomaka RH isici. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho isintu ezwa khona kwabantu phansi namaqembu amane ahlukene:

• Mina - 0.
• II - A.
• III - B.
• IV - AB.

Futhi ukuba khona izinto ezimbili Rhesus:

• Positive (Rh-).
• Negative (RH +).

nezifundo avunyelwe ukunquma izimbangela Abashona e ukumpontshelwa futhi ukubonisa kwedivayisi ishadi zamaqembu egazi (bheka. Ngezansi).

iqembu igazi RH isici Awukwazi ukushintsha phezu ukuphila, ungenciki ebuhlangeni, ubulili, kanye zizuzwe izici ngamunye. Ukumpompela odokotela neshaya afundiswa ukusebenzisa lolo lwazi ngendlela yokunakekelwa kweziguli abadinga igazi.

ukumpontshelwa

Namuhla, ukumpontshelwa kwegazi njengoba abantu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kwemvelo kanye kuqiniswa cishe akazange asebenzise. Ikakhulu esetshenziselwa izakhi ezidingekayo isiguli isehlane zihlukaniswa indlela, aphathwe ngokukhethekile futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu simisiwe. ukusetshenziswa Platelet, igcwele kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, i-plasma, leukocyte ukugxilisa ingqondo.

Kuye indawo yokuphathwa kwezakhi zegazi, kukhona izinhlobo elandelayo yokumpontshelwa (ukumnika):

• Intravenous (ngokusebenzisa umthambo).
• Intraarterially (nge Umthambo).
• Intraosseous (emzimbeni ithambo lesiguli).
• Intracardiac (ku-ventricle engakwesobunxele ngqo inhliziyo noma umshini wokubhoboza ngesikhumba).
• Intrauterine (nge RH ukungqubuzana sokukhulelwa wokubhoboza ekhiqizwa-fetus esibelethweni).

Lapho udinga ukumpontshelwa igazi

Naphezu impumelelo futhi okukhulu emitholampilo isipiliyoni ukumpontshelwa, le nqubo kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso transplantologicheskoy kokuhlinzwa futhi ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukungabi okuphelele ngenxa yezinkinga izingozi esikhathini eside.

Nokho, kunobufakazi ukusula ukumpontshelwa:

1. Izimpawu ngokuphelele (ngaphandle iziguli igazi basengozini enkulu yokufa, azikho Izimo):

• ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi;
• ukwethusa ngemva ukuhlukumezeka;
• isimo esibulalayo (ukufa kwezicubu kuyanda).

2. Izimpawu isihlobo (ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi isiguli ukuba niphile, futhi kuba kuphela ingxenye ukwelashwa udokotela kanye nesiguli kufanele bacabangisise Izimo kungenzeka, uqonda izingozi ezingaba khona futhi kulindeleke imiphumela.)

• anaemia ngenxa ukopha;
• anaemia okungalapheki isinyathelo wegazi;
• coagulation syndrome lokusakaza ngaphakathi ezitsheni;
• ukopha okukhulu kuka-30%;
• ukwephulwa of igazi coagulation, akuyona amenable ekwelashweni;
• hemophilia, isifo sokusha, i-hepatitis acute, okubangela enganele igazi ekunqandeni;
• umdlavuza wegazi nezinye zomdlavuza;
• ubuthi ezinzima;
• sepsis.

Uma ungakwazi ukumpompela igazi?

izifo okunzima esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izigaba 2 kanye 3rd ukwehluleka kwegazi, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo sohlangothi, isifo sofuba, esikhathini exacerbation, ukuthambekela yakha amahlule, isifuba somoya, rheumatism, njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile, edema yamaphaphu - konke Izimo ngqo ukumpontshelwa . Noma yimuphi isikhungo ukumpontshelwa enqaba ukwamukela iziguli izifo ezifana futhi bancome ukufuna omunye, izindlela akunazingozi yokwelashwa.

inqubo

On yokuvuma isiguli e-Institute of Haematology futhi Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi egazini lakhe sathathwa ukucacisa uhlobo RH isici. Lokhu kuhlaziya okusheshayo hlandla Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngqo emehlweni abantu. Futhi isikhashana wahlola ngokuhambisana uphethwe, igazi bathathwa ukuhlaziya basemtholampilo kulinganiswa blood pressure, kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa komzimba. Ngemva kwalokho ukwenza amasampula begazi ehambisanayo kumamukeli kanye zegazi ukuba elampontshelwa. Ngomqondo isiguli iqondiswa mayelana 15 namamililitha ingxenye futhi ithrekhi impendulo.

Uma konke kuhamba kahle, isisebenzi sezimo eziphuthumayo silungiselela amaphakheji ne izingxenye (ukushisa noma eneqhwa), kanti isiguli esayina amaphepha adingekayo. Igazi wathela ngokwendlela indlela ekhethiwe of udokotela igazi.

Emva inqubo inikezwe embhedeni ukuphumula, ukuhlolwa njalo umamukeli, kokulawula izinga lokushisa komzimba (kufika ku kathathu ihora emini) futhi kwenziwe ngegazi kanye nokuhlaziywa umchamo.

Uyini igazi esetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa

Yiqiniso, umthombo oyinhloko igazi kucutshungulwe kanye nokulungisa izingxenye kukhona kubanikeli. Kodwa kukhona neminye imithombo.

Kabusha - okokuqala igazi umzanyana kanye umzanyana. It is eqoqwe ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane. Umzanyana inqanyulwa, kanye asele igazi aseptically idluliselwe isibani ekhethekile. Ngemva kokubeletha ngamunye eqoqwe okuyisilinganiso sabangu-200 ml. Nge ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha isayensi manje Kunconywa ukuthi uwabeka izingane zabo emabhange ekhethekile. Kulindeleke ukuthi odokotela esiseduze esizayo uzokwazi luphathwe enkabeni intambo igazi lenqwaba izifo.

Cadaver - igazi labantu enempilo wayesefa ngokuzuma (ngenxa zezinhlekelele nezingozi, isilethikusebenza, ukushaqeka, ukopha palsy, congestive ukumelwa inhliziyo, njll). Uthango senziwa amahora kungakadluli eziyisithupha ngemva kokufa in inani amalitha usuku olulodwa kuya. Ungalokothi usebenzise igazi labantu abasebenza ngezifo ezithathelwanayo, Oncology,-HIV, isifo sofuba, ugcunsula, zabulawa ubuthi.

Autohemotransfusion - ukumpontshelwa igazi ngaphambilini ashaqe ukuhlanzwa lesiguli kuba. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlukumezeka besisu futhi ukopha olubanzi lwangaphakathi izlivshuyusya ukuqoqa igazi e umgodi umzimba kuthi ngemva uhlanzekile zaphathwa isiguli futhi. Le nqubo ivikeleke kakhulu, njengoba ikhiphela ngaphandle kungenzeka ukungamukeleki.

umnikelo

Njalo esibhedlela ezweni lakithi njalo abadinga igazi. Dlulisa okuthiwa izinsuku donor, kukhona abanikeli womuntu abanikeli asebenzayo nabaphisanayo ngisho ahlonishwe, kodwa nokho, izinsiza, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entulekayo.

impilo ngamunye eyisihlobo abakhileyo ezweni lakithi eneminyaka engu-18 kuya 55 ongabamba iqhaza ohlelweni ukuba siyosiza ekusindiseni izimpilo. Lokhu kuzodinga zisebenza esiteshini esiseduze yokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngaphambi ekuhloleni eyenziwa mahhala (kuhlanganise ugcunsula, sokusha kwesibindi negciwane lengculaza). Iningi amavolontiya banikela ngegazi mahhala, kodwa kukhona izindlela kokuvusayo zezimali. Zonke abanikeli ukuthola isisekelo saziso ngosuku wegazi ibhulakufesi futhi kwasemini noma dinner, ukunxeshezelwa ngokwezimali, kanye okukhipha ezengeziwe. Igazi zingafundwa njalo emavikini ayisishiyagalombili, izikhathi eziyisihlanu ngonyaka.

Research Institute Haematology futhi Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi

Igazi - namuhla etholakala izinqubo eziningi esibhedlela. Kodwa eRussia kukhona Russian Research Institute Haematology futhi Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi FMBA, okuyinto kubhekwa isikhungo ehola kwezikhungo yesayensi nezokwelapha yezwe. Itholakala Petersburg ngo-2 Sovetskaya emgwaqweni, 16.

Ngokumpompela Igazi Research Institute inikeza zonke izinhlobo-the-art izinkinga ezihlobene ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa kanye izifo igazi ezihlobene. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo bekwi wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza, isitoreji stem cells, izibonelo zalokho futhi isitoreji kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba womuntu. Futhi e-Institute ihlelwe uMnyango amathambo futhi traumatology, Radiology, Radiology, ukuhlinzwa, usebenza izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuhlola laboratory.