San Marco - lombhishobhi e-Venice. Incazelo, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Italy ezikhangayo fabulous okuyinto buthule afakaze ukuthabela umlando onothileko, Sinesithakazelo esikhulu izihambi. Charming Venice linendawo ekhethekile phakathi eminye imizi yezwe, futhi yobuciko yalo yayenziwe zaziwa emhlabeni wonke.

lesikhumbuzo Medieval iBasilica di San Marco

I lasendulo San Marco - lombhishobhi e Venice, okuyinto kufanele njengenkondlo ebonisa lesikhumbuzo oluvelele yobuciko ephakathi. Beautiful isakhiwo, ezavela IX leminyaka, Kuvusa ezinhliziyweni zabantu, kubenze beat ngokushesha lapho bebona lo ezingavamile izibonelo WaseByzantium izakhiwo e-Europe. Ngo-1987, ukukhangana kwahlanganiswa uhlu UNESCO amasayithi.

Izakhamuzi zedolobha futhi izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zibabaza lombhishobhi lasendulo, uyaziqhenya lendawo endaweni yengcebo ezweni imisebenzi yobuciko.

Square St likaMarku Cathedral St likaMarku

I zenkolo main ekhangayo Venice itholakala Sestiere San Marco, phezu eponymous yomphakathi ephakathi nalesi siqhingi (Piazza San Marco), okuyinto litshwayo edolobheni. Iningi izivakashi ezisheshayo bajwayelane izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile yezwe, edumile San Marco e Venice (indawo).

Leli thempeli, umlando esithathe amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, okubonisa amandla nobukhulu ka saseVenice Republic. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi leli sonto kuyizinto ezingcwele St Marku, ozoba e 829 atakulwa ngabathengisi Italian kusukela ukungcola amaSulumane waziyisa idolobha phezu kwamanzi owawuvela e-Aleksandriya. Njengoba le nganekwane, umPhostoli weza ezulazula iphupho ingelosi owathi ukuthi ngemva kokufa kwakhe uzothola ukuthula e-Venice, futhi abathengisi eyenziwa isifiso sakhe sokugcina. Lapho esifuze efika emzini, umPhostoli wathola isimo abavikela yakhe.

Ngo 832 kwafika inguqulo yokuqala Cathedral, okuyinto engaphezu kwengu-150 ubudala ibilokhu sina ngomlilo, kodwa izinsalela saint aziphazamiseki. Kamuva sokukhulekela wabuyiselwa futhi waphinda kuyabathokozisa ayeke ukuza esontweni. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo yasekuqaleni yezakhiwo kwakuminyene olukhuni.

Cathedral yesimanje San Marco: incazelo, umlando, ikheli eliqondile

Ukwakhiwa sokukhulekela yesimanje elitholakala San Marco, 328, 30124 Venezia, waqala ngo-1063, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi sakhiwo busisa. Kodwa emakhulwini eminyaka ambalwa nakakhulu yaqhubeka ukukhishwa ethempelini emangalisayo enhle San Marco. Cathedral Venice - ukhangwa engavamile, ngoba wawuhlotshiswe izizukulwane entsha baseVenice, enamathiselwe ukubukeka zenkolo lesikhumbuzo ungubani. Ngenxa yalokho, lwaleli, liye laba yindawo yokugogobala izivakashi, yaphenduka Museum yobuciko Ephakathi.

Ukubukeka yezakhiwo esikhulu sokukhulekela, yayakhiwe ngezitini, kukhona izakhi zonke izinhlobo izitayela. Marble eliphezulu ngesiGreki bas-imifanekiso, izihloko Gothic wenza emangalisayo eyodwa isiqeshana Ensemble. Ngenxa yethalente eziyingqayizivele abakhi emhlabeni kukhona wobuciko yokuthi ongancintisana nobuhle ubuhle San Marco.

Cathedral Venice, wehlela emlandweni njengoba Basilica of St. Mark, Ephakathi is hhayi ngokusemthethweni ithathwa njengendlela lombhishobhi, kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX ukuthi isimo babesonta parish San Pietro di Castello.

Izwe isibe ngobuciko ezisemadolobheni isikhungo nokuphila emphakathini: kwakukhona imingcwabo heroes, Ukuqalwa kwe-Doges nezinye imikhosi ebalulekile lapha wathumela bendawo kusesho senduduzo. Akulona ihaba ukuthi Cathedral of St. Mark baba senkolo nezomphakathi komuzi.

Izinsalela yaletha esuka kwamanye amazwe

umhlobiso zasebukhosini Cathedral of Venice ekhatsi Piazza San Marco esasiphakathi eminyaka XII kanye XIV. izakhi Decor basonta izikhathi ezahlukene futhi amazwe kusuka kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuma lombhishobhi kuyinto cross ngesiGreki. Abakhi Venice, kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe exhumene ne eByzantium, agcwaliswa kusukela amakhosi umbuso onamandla, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ebekiwe umqhele domes ezinhlanu, okusikhumbuza izibani.

Mbumbulu ngezitini, owawungumnyaka ayibonakali facings zemabula, ehlotshiswe izinsalela ahlukahlukene, alethwe Venice. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye imifanekiso esibonisa izigcawu okuzingela enziwa BoMbuso WaseByzantium futhi pylons ezibaziweyo yaletha esuka Syria.

Pala d'Oro, sidalwe kwamashumi amahlanu

Ngokubabazekayo San Marco (Venice Cathedral) idume emhlabeni wonke e-altare legolide esiyingqayizivele, wavuma abacebe phakathi kwalabo abasinda. Le ngxenye engenhla isici bhá yomhlobiso wethempeli ifakwe izindondo ezincanyana ku Cloisonné imiklamo. amapuleti Expensive zisusiwe Istanbul futhi obuyigugu kakhulu. Ehlotshiswe zamatshe ayigugu negolide, babonakala njengoba umsebenzi ngobuciko bangempela.

I iconostasis kanye ciborium

Chancel Gothic iconostasis ehlukanisiwe zemabula amnyama obomvu yaletha esuka waseConstantinople kusukela nave. Okuthwesa umqhele wakhe esiphambanweni omkhulu, futhi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi umgoqo 14 ukubaza 12 Abaphostoli, umfanekiso weNkosi Virgin Mary kanye Umphostoli Mark.

Kukhona kombhede ekhethekile phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi, ngokuthi "ciborium". Ngaphansi kwakhe izinsalela St. adlulisiwe 30-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX kusukela Crypt, endaweni sarcophagus zemabula, okusekelwa alabhaste amakholomu amane. Ngasinye salezi imifanekiso aqoshiwe ngemifanekiso of the Virgin Mary noJesu Kristu.

I Crypt ka Basilica

Ngo 1094 izinsalela omphostoli babekwa Crypt - a esiyingelezini sezulu Igumbi komhlaba ukugcina izinsalela. Eminyakeni engu-400 kamuva wavalwa emphakathini. Ngemva kokuwa Venetian Republic kule Crypt isevisi esanda uqalise.

Maphakathi nalo isethwe yesonto, ehlotshiswe openwork zemabula setshe, azibambile ngaphansi lapho izinsalela St. Mark. Ngo-1835 bathuthela e-altare eyinhloko ethempelini. Crete lombhishobhi San Marco e Venice athakazelisa ngokukhethekile, ngoba izingcezwana walondoloza imininingwane yezakhiwo ososayensi yayo uyowahlola izinsuku lombhishobhi sokuqala.

Yini enye engingabuye lombhishobhi?

Ohlangothini lwesobunxele altare esikhulu sokukhulekela iyona Madonna, futhi eduze naye eyakhelwe Isidor Chapel, okuyinto iwuMnyuziyamu sarcophagus equkethe izinsalela saint.

Iphiko kwesokudla iyona yokubhapathiza, eyenzelwe ukubhapathizwa kwezinsana. Izindonga zayo ehlotshiswe zemabula vaults - Ukuqamba KaMose. Maphakathi egumbini setha itshe ifonti ngesivalo ethusi, eduze kwayo lamiswao itshe lethuna ohlonishwayo kakhulu Doge - Andrea Dandolo.

umsebenzi elibizayo KaMose

imidwebo KaMose ezindongeni futhi Dome imbangela ngokumthanda. Abaningi babo zenziwa ekhulwini XIII, futhi ngaphambi izinsuku emuva ekhulwini IX.

Okunethezeka Ukwakheka adalwe izingcweti Italian ukusebenza ingilazi namatshe. Kukholakala ukuthi abaculi Venetian kwangena zobuciko yamatshe WaseByzantium, ngokuvamile evakashele edolobheni.

yamatshe emibalabala odongeni we yokutshela sonto ka nokuphila kukaJesu, usitshele mayelana ongumvikeli edolobheni. Maphakathi Dome itholakala Ukwakheka "Ascension kaKristu", futhi nemengamo - iziqephu lezi zincwadi eTestamenteni Elisha.

Kulethe kusukela waseConstantinople zemabula

Ubuhle yamatshe ezindongeni kuhlanganiswe ngokuyisimangaliso okwakhiwe ocebile eyenziwe zemvelo zemabula setshe phansi.

Mangisho ukuthi lesi edwaleni umhlobiso lombhishobhi uvele kuphela ekhulwini XIII. Okwesine isizinda impi steel zamatshe amhlophe kusukela Istanbul amathempeli. Abakhi wasebenzisa izinto ezintsha, okuholela lisebukhazikhazini ngisho xaxa lombhishobhi endala St. Mark e-Venice.

Cathedral San Marco kungenziwa ngokuthi ngempela Museum Venetian nezobuciko WaseByzantium, equkethe imisebenzi eliyigugu lobuciko.

umlando quadrigue

Ngenhla umnyango Basilica iyona edume amahhashi amane yamahhashi, okuyinto waphonswa lethusi Okugweda YesiGreki BC IV leminyaka. Quadriga lokuqala wakhonza njengephayona umhlobiso we lwaleli lokunqoba eRoma, kamuva amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, yena sported ngesikhathi Hippodrome esangweni eConstantinople.

Esikhathini XIII ekhulwini Venetian Doge Enrico Dandolo, ukudonsa lizwe aphume izinkinga zezomnotho, kuye kwathonya inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseByzantium, kanye indondo waletha ebaziwe, owawungumnyaka kamuva, ngemiyalo yezikhulu uNapoleon, wathunyelwa esijana eParis, lapho-ke wema iminyaka engaba ngu-18 ngosuku Indawo du Carrousel. Ngemva kokunqotshwa ibutho Bonaparte Quadriga wabuyela Venice, nase-ngesinqumo iziphathimandla ke nawo ngaphezu komnyango eyinhloko Basilica. Ngesikhathi sempi, esiveza nge indaba emangazayo futhi wathwebula ukufihla ezindaweni zokukhosela.

amahhashi Namuhla ithusi lazo lombhishobhi San Marco e Venice asezindaweni Basilica of Museum and lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo is ethwele ikhophi kahle ababulawa of esavela 70s kwekhulu elidlule.

ATRIUM

Ngokusebenzisa isango layo elikhulu, izivakashi faka ATRIUM, ogama izindonga ahlotshiswe zemabula yamatshe, isigqoko ngokujulile umculi Surikov. Imidwebo etha izenzakalo of the Old Testament, futhi usuku ngalunye sokudalwa uNkulunkulu wokuthula imakwe ingelosi ezimhlophe. Lapha ihlobe itshe lace ethuneni dogaressy (umfazi Doge) Felicity Mikiel.

Thinta ukuqoqwa amagugu Venice ebukekayo futhi bathole isibusiso St. Mark silula namuhla - vele uye ukugcina amandla umPhostoli Cathedral, okuyinto umlando emlandweni wenkolo kanye civil.

Ngaphambi izivakashi sokukhulekela inikeza umlando eziyingqayizivele edolobheni engavamile kakhulu amanzi, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningana edonsela bencoma abahambi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene kule planethi yethu.