EPrague - inhloko-dolobha Czech Republic. Umlando, ePrague ezikhangayo

Ancient futhi ongaqondakali, eyingqayizivele futhi ebukekayo, Golden ePrague - inhloko-dolobha Czech Republic. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka selukhulile futhi ithuthukiswe empambana kuyo imizila yohwebo. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo ungabona wonke umlando bokwakha European: izinqaba Gothic futhi yayinamakhothamo, amasonto Baroque kanye Renaissance izakhiwo, ebhilidini Rococo futhi Art Nouveau. isikhungo lasePrague mlando nazo izikwele yayo enkulu emazombezombe futhi emigwaqweni emincane, cobblestone, isinqumo UNESCO ukukufaka inani Umhlaba Wezamafa.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana lizwe

Esikhathini elaseYurophu, phakathi kwamagquma, izungezwe ihlathi zamaBohemia kanye Sudeten Ukhahlamba, kuba eCzech Republic. Lokhu ezweni ayinakho esidayisa kulo ulwandle futhi izungezwe Austria, eJalimane, ePoland nase-Slovakia. ECzech Republic, mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwezinga ikuphi, umuntu uzwa umoya KweNkathi Ephakathi, bayigcina ngokucophelela amaningi emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi esigodlweni, castle izakhiwo. namathafa amahle kukhona luhlaka enhle ngoba esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo.

Contemporary Czech Republic

Ngenxa yalokho, lo okuthiwa velvet isehlukaniso (wokugoqa ngo-January 1993 eCzechoslovakia - Czech and isiSlovak iFederal Republic) ku emhlabeni isimo kwezombusazwe, kukhona uthi ezimbili eNgophezukonke - the isiSlovak Republic, idolobha elikhulu elaba Bratislava, kanye Czech Republic, lapho uselokhu inhlokodolobha ePrague.
Emlandweni wamuva European, ke kunjalo nje lapho division yezwe engakaze ephelezelwa amasosha noma kweminye imisebenzi komthetho mhlawumbe. Contemporary Czech Republic - republic ePhalamende iholwa ngumengameli, akhethwe okuthandwayo. Namuhla, i-Czech Republic ngaphansi kobuholi ezikhethiwe ngoMashi 2013 uMongameli Milos Zeman ilungu le-European Union kanye NATO.

Idolobha elikhulu

EPrague - inhlokodolobha, zomlando, amasiko nezomnotho "inhliziyo" lamadolobha esimanjemanje Czech Republic, esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe, phakathi kwe-Czech umcengezi. It wakha umuzi emagqumeni ngomfula Vltava futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla Visegrad, futhi ngakwesokunxele iyona Prague Castle. Ngenxa ukudluliselwa njalo esihlalweni ababusi Czech kusukela kwenye indawo ehlala kwesinye bobabili rose kakhulu futhi ngacishe benziwe eyodwa.

Kodwa ngokusemthethweni Big ePrague kwamiswa kuphela kwikota yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngemva imikhawulo idolobha kweshumi eziningana cishe benziwe kwenye indawo ehlala abantu babebaliwe. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba idolobha elincane, kuba 20 kuphela km ^2. EPrague Modern kumephu ihlanganisa indawo cishe 500 ^km2.

ePrague legends

Maphakathi zomlando lasePrague zonke endlini, ingadi kanye cobblestone ibhuloho yayo ongamtshela eziningi tinganekwane izindaba. Kubhebhethekiswe ngu tinganekwane isisekelo sale edolobheni. Ngemva izizwe Czech ngaphansi kobuholi ukhokho Cech beza bona ayokuhlola inarha elise ephakathi kwemifula Elbe futhi Vltava, umbusi kwaba Prince Krok, yena uye wasiphakamisela namadodakazi amathathu, uthunjana babo, uLibuše, emva kokufa kukayise, kwaba athatha izintambo. Kwaba esona, ngokusho legend, eyasungulwa osebeni olunamadwala we Vltava Vyšehrad inqaba, kamuva elaba emzini wakhe. Princess uLibuše akasenzanga smart futhi amahle, kodwa futhi unesiphiwo ekugwemeni izingozi kusengaphambili. Ngolunye usuku, emi ebhange enamadwala we Vltava, wakwazi 'ukubona' ukuthi lo muzi ngokuqinisekile uyokwakhelwa sibekwa isikhathi esifushane, ogama udumo ifinyelela lifika esibhakabhakeni. Waze ephethwe ukubiza indawo lapho lokhu castle iyokwakhiwa: embundwini endlini, okufanele kube Siwohloza indoda. Ngokushesha, izinceku yenkosana waphuthuma ukucinga futhi ngokushesha yathola okuyinhloko esikhathini ukuthi ePrague ngo-Czech kusho "embundwini", a olimayo elula ngokuthi Přemysl. ULibuše wamthatha umyeni, futhi indawo lapho ebenza embundwini yasungulwa inqaba Castle, kusukela owakhula ePrague - idolobha basisebenzisa njengeHholo yokuhlala izizukulwane eziningi izikhulu Premyslid.

Ngokwezazi-mlando

Ososayensi bakholelwa uLibuše lapho umlimi Premysl hhayi ningi than uhlamvu wasenganekwaneni. Eqinisweni, ePrague yasungulwa kungekho eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili kuka 880 ngemva Bořivoj, isikhulu lokuqala Přemyslid lwamakhosi, wathutha sokuhlala kwakhe kusukela Hradec nad Vltavou. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana uLibuše ezitholakala emsebenzini owaziwa Cosmas lasePrague "Czech Chronicle," futhi sihlehlela kubo 623 - 630 edlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu yesikhombisa, ngokwekhalenda Ochwepheshe bathi, amaCzech namaRomany bekungakabhekwana wekuba sive kanye kumiswa edolobheni akunakwenzeka.

Lisho ukuthini igama lalowo muzi?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imfundiso ethandwa kakhulu wukuthi ePrague - idolobha ogama lakhe livela egameni Czech Prah - «embundwini». Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi Praha lisuselwa Old Slavic igama Stony Rapids Vltava amazibuko. Kukhona inguqulo ukuze igama lomuzi ne-izwi pražení - yokuwugazinga, zazharki, kusukela kulesi sifunda kutshalwa eziningi okusanhlamvu, futhi umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu lakhiwe.

Konke lokhu izinguqulo zisekelwe kuphela ukuhlaziya izakhiwo zolimi. ososayensi banamuhla bakholelwa umbono ozwakalayo kakhulu mayelana Rapids enamadwala, lapho babebaningi phezu Vltava.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Eyokuqala lokhuni Prague Castle yasungulwa engxenyeni isikhulu Borzhevym IX nekhulu lesibili leminyaka. Ekuqaleni X leminyaka ngakolunye uhlangothi Vltava rose Visegrad. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emhlabeni kokubili izinqaba yaqala ukubonakala yomthengisi izikebhe zokuhlala. Ngakho, ibhange kwesokunxele kwakhiwa indawo Old Town bese ngakwesokudla, ngaphansi Prague Castle, kwaphakama Lesser. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIII, phakathi nokubusa kwendodana ka-yakhe Premysl Otakar II, uMbusi Krakow neNkosi uWenceslas II yaseBohemia, ePrague - inhlokodolobha, idolobha elikhulu kunawo futhi iningi athuthukile kwezomnotho, ngubani wakwazi ukunqoba lonke.
Sokuthuthwa kwempahla emzini yathatha cishe yonke XIII leminyaka kwaqondana nokubusa Yana Lyuksemburgskogo nendodana yakhe Charles IV. Lesi sakamuva wakwazi ukukhulisa isimo lasePrague kulelo okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, inhloko-dolobha, futhi ubukhulu, kwaba yesibili kuphela eConstantinople naseParis. Charles IV phakathi nokubusa kwayo wazama ukwenza konke ukufakazela ukuthi ePrague - inhloko-dolobha hhayi kuphela kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi kwamasiko. Labe esakhile Charles Bridge kanye iyunivesithi lokuqala, yaqala ukwakhiwa Cathedral of St Vitus. Khona-ke arhiepiskopalnaya umnyango yadalwa, futhi kwakukhona indawo Novo Mesto.

izigaba yentuthuko

Ngenxa le yamaHussite Izimpi ePrague wabhekana nenkathi yencithakalo futhi ibole. Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu xv kukhona sinjalo kancane kancane edolobheni iqala ukwakhiwa ezintsha kanye kwezakhiwo ubhujiswe. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ngaphansi kokuqondisa wezakhiwo Benedikta Rayta iza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo Hradcany Omdala iRoyal Palace.

Eyesibili "yokuchuma" ngoba ePrague kwavela phakathi nokubusa le Habsburg lwamakhosi, okwaqala ngo-1526. ababusi Austrian imali eningi Manpower nezimali ukuthuthukiswa ePrague. Ngo 1612, ngemva kokufa koMbusi Rudolf II, idolobha ilahlekelwa isimo sayo njengomholi emagcekeni ezigodlo at amandla egcwele kuhanjiswe ku Vienna.

Isikhathi esilandelayo kwaba sokuthuthwa kwempahla ePrague XVIII leminyaka, okuyinto kwaqondana imvuselelo kazwelonke. Ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, phakathi nokubusa Joseph II, kukhona inhlangano ibe indawo eyodwa nezokuphatha ezindaweni ezine eziyinhloko ezisemadolobheni: Hradcany, Old Town, Idolobha Lesser futhi iNew Town.

Ekupheleni XIX - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka, lapho kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha umkhakha futhi umnotho, kanye iningi izihloko European, ePrague ayenziwa futhi liyakhula kakhulu. Ukwanda kwalesi sikhathi waphazanyiswa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. ECzechoslovakia - Ngo-1918, geqe kwamiswa. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, kusukela ngo-1939 kuya ku-1945, ePrague - inhloko-dolobha State - kanye lonke izwe, kwaba ngo umsebenzi amaNazi. Ngemva kwempi futhi kube ngo-1989, lapho kwakukhona "velvet yokuvukela" eCzechoslovakia lalingu ingxenye ekamu sezenhlalo.

ePrague izifunda

EPrague Modern yakhiwa izingxenye eziningi, ezinye zazo kwaba amakhulu eminyaka kubhekwe njengento emadolobheni ahlukene. Ziyakwazi:

• Visegrad;
• Ngigqolozele Mesto;
• Lesser;
• Hradcany;
• New Town.

Ezinsukwini ubudala, abagcinanga kwadingeka izinhlelo ezahlukene ukuphathwa kanye kwakuwukuthi, ukufakelwa imali, kodwa abaxabene, ngezinye izikhathi aze isinyathelo sezempi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX kwathatha ukuma Old ePrague, isikhungo esingokomlando okuhlanganisa ezindaweni ezifana Old and New Town, Hradčany, Vyšehrad, Mala strana futhi Josefov - Ikota abangamaJuda.

Lokho ukuthi akuphi main ezikhangayo zomlando, yezakhiwo kanye namasiko yenhloko-dolobha Czech. Eminyakeni eyalandela, landa edolobheni, futhi kwakukhona izindawo ezintsha, kodwa ezithakazelisayo zabahamba lezinto kancane.

Namuhla kunzima hhayi kuphela izivakashi kodwa futhi abantu bomdabu baqonde indlela ihlukaniswe ngezigodi lasePrague. Kumephu, ngokuvumelana nomqondo wesimanje of kwedolobha, izindawo yesimanje abonakala ngamandla indawo yabo okuqondene umasipala othize. Ngakho, wonke umuzi ihlukaniswe ngezigodi 22, kuhlanganise nesi-yayo izifunda ubulungu 57.

Kanye isenzo esisha futhi edolobheni elidala uhlelo cadastral division. Ngakho, ePrague uhlukaniswe 10 ezindaweni eyinhloko 112 izindawo. ukwahlukanisa okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-Administrative futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila ezisemadolobheni.