U-Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler: Indaba yokuphila kanye biography

Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich - Soviet screenwriter, umlingisi, umqondisi nomsakazi. Wazalwa emndenini usomabhizinisi Jewish abacebile, eziphambene nezifiso kayise, waqala kokwenza esiteji. Ayemiselwe ukuba abe intombi kuqala othandekayo Stalina Svetlany Alliluevoy nothando zokugcina poetess abanamakhono Yulia Druninoy. Yakhe "Cinema" wayephakathi ethandwa kakhulu TV ithelevishini Soviet, namafilimu lapho ayesebenza khona, kukhona yobuciko of cinema kazwelonke.

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

U-Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler wazalwa ngo-September 28, 1903 (ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo - 1904) ekhatsi Kiev, umndeni ocebile. Ekuzalweni wanikwa igama uLazaru, kodwa kamuva akabange ayiguqule. Ubaba walo mfana kwaba edumile Kiev umsiki Kapler Yakov Naftalievich. In studio yakhe, elise-mall, bagqoke up zonke umphakathi eliphezulu enhlokodolobha Ukraine. Kapler obuhle bathunga izingubo yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi. onobuhle wakhe wathola imiklomelo phezulu emibukisweni ngamazwe. Ngaphezu studio, James Naftalievich ephethwe omunye the best in Kiev okugeza isikhungo, lapho kwakunokwenzeka hhayi kuphela zishise, kodwa futhi ukubhukuda echibini noma ushawa amandla. Impahla umsiki engumthengisi nabo bebekhona izakhiwo bezentengiselwano, yena yokuqasha ihhotela "IZiyoni 'ngisho esinagogeni encane.

abanothando yaseshashalazini

Yakov Kapler nomkakhe Raisa Zaharevna Kwethenjwa ukuthi uLazaru uzohamba ezinyathelweni zikayise bese uqhubeke ebhizinisini lomkhaya. Nokho, ibhizinisi ngokuthi indodana yabo encane. Emuva esikoleni esiphakeme unesithakazelo sina e yaseshashalazini ubuciko, kanye Waphupha mayelana IBamba umsebenzi. Ndawonye nabangani esikoleni wabaleka, icashe ezihlahleni yene loMfula Dnieper, yena waba ukubukeza play Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. Izingane wathumba esebenza kakhulu kangangokuba ngo-1917, ngokushesha emva kwempi, bona eyasungulwa siqu yaseshashalazini yabo encane ngokuthi "Harlequin". indodana Tailor kwakudabukisa kanjani kakade wakwazi ukushintsha igama baphendukela U-Alexis. Nge okungcono ebuntwaneni abangane Grishka Kozintsev futhi Serozhey Yutkevichem, kamuva owaba izibalo owaziwa cinema Soviet, u-Alexei Kapler yabonisa ababukeli upopayi libonisa esekelwe izinkondlo Pushkin sika.

Izinyathelo zokuqala esiteji

Beginners mummers wayazi ukuthi ekhatsi Kiev, abakwazi ukufeza ukuthandwa iphupho, ngokushesha banquma ukuthuthela Petrograd. Lapha ngo-1921, Kapler, Yutkevich Kozintsev wamisa imboni umlingisi ome njengeqanda (FEKS) lapho leonid Trauberg wajoyina ngokushesha. Imisebenzi kule nkundla asanda kusungulwa ngokuyisisekelo sihluke imikhiqizo classical. Imidwebo Kiev abadlali egcwele amahlaya, isekisi namaqhinga izinombolo kanye ezihlukahlukene, kuholele okusheshayo intshiseko yomphakathi.

Kapler Aleksey: umsebenzi umlingisi futhi umsebenzi umqondisi sika

Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa e-Fax sika, Lucy Kapler (njengoba Alexei abangane ngokuthi) kwadingeka ukuba ahoxe kumafilimu ezimbili. I "Ferris Wheel", wadala ngo-1926, wathola indima yansukuzonke futhi cishe imperceptible. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umlingisi abasha ababedlala umuntu okuphawulekayo Gogol esithi "ijazi." Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi amafilimu, Kapler wadumala e IBamba umsebenzi. Wayefuna ukwakha movie zabo siqu, hhayi ukuphinda abangabazi Ematheksthi labhaliwe indima.

Ngo-1927 wathuthela Odessa futhi usebenza njengomgcini wamabhuku umsizi umqondisi odumile Alexander Dovzhenko ifilimu "Arsenal". Nokho, uhamba ibanga elide eya abasizi wokuvelela Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler bahluleka. Ngo-1930, wasuka njengoba umqondisi ifilimu yakhe yokuqala, "Ilungelo kowesifazane ', futhi saya ngonyaka olandelayo wanyathelisa esondweni lwakhe lwesibili lokuhlola ifilimu" Mina 12-28. " Kodwa Lyusyu Kaplera nokudumazeka ebabayo esitolo: iziphathimandla zaseSoviet wangenqabela ukukhombisa kokubili umsebenzi umqondisi yakhe. Kulokhu, ifilimu "Ilungelo yowesifazane 'kwathiwa ohlehlela emuva ngenxa yokuthi umlingisi zako ezisemqoka wamshiya umyeni wakhe, okuyinto emvimbela ukuba afundele sikhungo.

Ukufika impumelelo

Ngemva kokuvinjelwa amafilimu akazange adikibale Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. Umlando wakhe kubonisa ukuthi wayengumuntu abashisekela futhi akuvamile udangele ngempela. Nangemva kokuba ezamile wahluleka oqondisa, Kapler ngaqala ukufunda ubungcweti screenwriter. Kulesi emkhakheni Alexey Yakovlevich balindele impumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Ukuze screenplays yakhe befilimu "Lenin ngo-Okthoba" futhi "Lenin ngo-1918" ngo-1941, yena yanikezelwa ohlonishwa Stalin Prize. Kamuva Kapler kwaba omunye wabalobi edume kakhulu Soviet. Uye wasebenza kumafilimu ezifana "Kotovsky", "Ngoba Umbukiso yomnyango esitolo", "indiza omthende", "Amphibian Man", "The Blue Bird" nokunye. D.

Ukuqala empini, ukuhlangana Svetlanoy Alliluevoy

Eminyakeni 30 yokucindezelwa uStalin ke wahlupheka isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa abameleli nezazi Soviet, kodwa awazange asithinte Kapler. Sathola indondo uhulumeni ehlonishwayo, waba omunye kwabambalwa yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi u darling fortune. Kodwa akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Alexey Y. waya phambi njengoba umlobeli othile impi. Ngo-November 1942, wabuyela eMoscow futhi wacelwa ukuba indodana kukaStalin Vasily ephathini elalinikezelwe weminyaka le-October Revolution. Lo mkhosi yahanjelwa indodakazi eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala umholi zonke izizwe Svetlana Alliluyeva. Screenwriter, yena owayesevele neminyaka engu 39 ubudala, kwadingeka wathatheka intombazane, futhi wathi kuye ukubuya. Nokho, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane indodakazi umuntu esiphakeme enjalo Kwakungelula. Khanyisa ungalokothi waphuma endlini bengahambi, futhi umbhali waphoqeleka ukuba amhambise ngemoto aye nemibukiso, cinema kanye iminyuziyamu ngaphansi kokuqondisa onogada.

Ukuze Alliluevoy abasha WaseRoma Kapler kwaba umuzwa wokuqala sina, okuyiwona yena wayezimisele ukudela yonke into enendawo. Alexei Yakovlevich ngaphambi kokuhlangana Svetlana esabangela sisemthethweni nomshado ezimbili civil. Eminyakeni 1921-1930 wayengumuntu oshadile nimlingisi Tatyane Tarnovskoy. Kule umshado yakhulela indodana Anatoly. Ngemva kwesehlukaniso, wayephila okwesikhathi nontanga yakhe Tatiana Zlatogorovoy ke kwaba nokuba nobuhlobo actress Galinoy Sergeevoy. Kodwa okungenani Kapler welulela futhi inkazimulo hero-lover, lapho aqala khona ukuthandana ngempela nendodakazi kaStalin. Yena ziyahlanya uthande lokhu owesifazane onesizotha futhi abafundile futhi wayengenakwenza lutho imizwa yazo.

ukubopha

Alexei Kapler futhi Svetlana Alliluyeva Ya abazange bakuqaphele umehluko ubudala futhi uzizwe ngendlela engachazeki bajabule. lapho sihanjelwe yilaba babonisi ezingavamile babemsulwa ngokuphelele, kodwa uStalin osezwile mayelana indodakazi isoka omdala, yangena endlini ethukuthele. On oda wakhe ngo 1943. Kapler waboshwa futhi babekwa icala lokuphula ngiyinhloli ye-United Kingdom. Amacala amanga, wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-5 ejele futhi abathunyelwe ukukhonza isigwebo sakhe kulo eVorkuta. Svetlana futhi wathola uyise a ingazigingqagingqi omkhulu, futhi kamuva ngonyaka washada umngane umfowabo uGregory Morozov. Ekuphileni kwalo konke, Svetlana kwaba 5 amadoda ayizikhulu, kodwa kwanoma ubani kubo akuyona ukukhunjulwa Umlando wakhe ngemfudumalo ezinjalo, njengoba leso sithandwa sakhe sokuqala Kapler.

Ukuphila kwasejele, uthando Valentine Tokarski

Ngo Vorkute Aleksey axazulule ngempela ngokujabula. Lo mphathi nge uyamzwela filmmaker ezidumile futhi wamvumela ukuba yokuphuma ejele edolobheni. U-Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler ubesebenza isithombe lab zendawo, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula ebhala eningi futhi icabanga ngokuphila. EVorkuta, ehlangana actress abadumile Soviet uValentina Tokarski, owayekhonza umusho yokuthi ekuqaleni empini lathunjwa namaJalimane, ukuze sisinde, ivumile babambisane nabo. Nakuba edingiselwe umbhali, ngamcela ukuba ngishade naye futhi wathola imvume impendulo. Tokarskaya lakhanya ejele zeviki Alexei Yakovlevich ngisho ngamthatha uphume ku-loop, lapho okwamanje yokuphelelwa yithemba enkulu, wazama ukuzibulala.

Ngo-1948 yaphela umusho Kapler. Yena kakhulu belulekwa angabuyeli eMoscow futhi angasondeli Alliluyeva. Alexey Y. futhi akazange acabange ukubheka emihlanganweni nendodakazi kukaStalin, kodwa wanquma ukuya enhlokodolobha, ukuba aphume ke ukuya Kiev ukuvakashela abazali bakhe. Njengoba nje lapho e Moscow, lapho aphinde waboshwa khona futhi yelinye icala bhila wathunyelwa ekamu edolobhaneni Inta. Lesi sikhathi Kapler ayinazo lokucatshangelwa kangcono. Kanye nezinye iziboshwa, wazikhandla emayini. uthando kuphela lonke eVorkuta Valentine Tokarski wamsiza usinde ezikhathini ezinzima. Okufana ne owesifazane yena wasithanda, ayekholelwa ukuthi kuyofika usuku lapho bayobizwa babuyelana phakade.

Umhlangano no-Julia Druninoy

Ngo-1953 waphinde wafa Iosif Stalin, Kapler, ufana nabantu abaningi abathandanga kwakhe, kwakuhambisana kwesikhathi ikhishwe. Uma mahhala futhi Tokarskaya. Fika e Moscow, abathandi bafaka isicelo ukuze kumbhalisi, futhi ngokushesha waba mfazi olusemthethweni. Alexey Y. futhi waqala ukubhala imibhalo, umkakhe wamenywa ukuba inkanyezi e-movie. Kodwa injabulo emndenini yabo engafiki. Ngo-1954, Kapler engu-50 ubudala wamenyelwa ukufundisa ngesikhathi Izifundo Ephakeme iskripthi abalobi e-Union of cinematographer. Omunye abafundi bakhe kwaba poetess abasha kodwa kakade owaziwa Yulia Drunina. Bobabili ngesikhathi uthando kwakungafanele mahhala futhi isikhathi eside uzama ukubhekana ngokuzumayo agubhayo imizwa kubo. Kodwa uthando iwine, futhi ngo-1960, ohlukanisile umngane wakhe, u-Alexei Kapler noJuliya Drunina washada.

Mayelana umbhali inoveli imbongi wathi konke eMoscow. Lovers kusukela ubani akazange ukufihla imizwa yakhe, ungalokothi ukhathele neyaziwayo nomunye othandweni nayo yonke imicimbi yomphakathi uvele ndawonye. Drunina umyeni azinikele izinkondlo eziningi ezinhle, futhi ube iminyaka wahlala naye, wabhala iskripthi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke.

Imisebenzi kule Uhlaka

Ngo-1966 wafika ezosebenza umethuli TV uhlelo "Cinema" Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler (isithombe kusuka isethi ngezansi). Wema phakathi nozakwabo. Charming, elikhanyayo futhi onekhono, Kapler ngilifunde umbhalo ephepheni, futhi akazange enze ubuso sina phambi ikhamera. Wayelethwa aqamba, ethi ngalokho abakucabangayo, hhayi wesaba ukubuza izivakashi imibuzo hhayi ngempela ukhululekile studio. Alexey Y. baba intandokazi okuholela izigidi zabantu Soviet. "Cinema" wakhe wabheka ngisho nalabo abanasithakazelo ebhayisikobho. Umholi ongenambangi zohlelo kwaba ngaphambi 1972

ukufa

Alexei Kapler noJuliya Drunina ziye engu-19 ngishadile. Ngeshwa, abazange babe nezingane ndawonye. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe umbhali wahlushwa umdlavuza, afa ngaso ngo-September 11, 1979, bengakafinyeleli elilandelayo esingaphansi kwenyanga. Alexey Y. wangcwatshwa ensimini ka Starokrymsky emathuneni, elise entabeni Kuzgun-full eCrimea. Nansi ethuneni Yulii Druninoy, owashona ngo-1991.