Relief Ukraine: izici, izici eziyinhloko nezici

impumuzo Ukraine ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona cishe konke: ezintabeni namathafa, nasemihumeni, emihosheni uhlala izixhobo zama-coral ngisho zesihlabathi! Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ngempumuzo Ukraine? Minerals okuyinto zinhlobo ku yembathani kuleli zwe? Funda ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Ikakhulukazi Ukraine kanye namafomu zako ezisemqoka impumuzo

Eziningi kuleli zwe luphakathi isakhiwo esikhudlwana - East European Plain. Kuphela entshonalanga naseningizimu, nangasogwini lolwandle okwedlulele Ukraine ezinde ezintabeni medium ukuphakama. Sekukonke, cishe 95% insimu - ithafa futhi% 5 kuphela elalihlala izintaba futhi massifs.

Izimpawu ngempumuzo Ukraine akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhuluma waso eliphakeme futhi aphansi komhlaba. Ngakho, e-Ukraine Carpathians, emngceleni nezokuphatha izifunda yaseTranscarpathia futhi Ivano-Frankivsk, ke iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke kuleli zwe - Goverla. ukuphakama kwalo ngokuphelele kuyinto 2061 amamitha. Minyaka yonke, izinkulungwane Ukraine ummango beya isiqongo salo. Kodwa emhlabeni Kuyal'nitskogo esizalweni somfula (Odessa esifundeni) iphuzu aphansi Ukraine (lokususa 5 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle).

surface eMhlabeni ensimini ka-Ukraine yesimanje kwamiswa izigidi zeminyaka, ngoba kwezinkathi eziningi umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa Its wathonywa ukunyakaza zomhlaba kanye glaciations zakamuva futhi ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe. Ngenxa nesimo sendawo Ukraine kwenza ucwaningo okukhulu nokuba nesithakazelo esiqotho. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili ke zashiya izibazi nemisebenzi zabantu ezinobudlova.

Amafomu wokukhululeka Ukraine emangalisayo ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona izintaba nezigodi, emathafeni futhi izinkalo. Karst yokuma kwayo indawo, aeolian, amanzi ashaya leli dwala, glacial futhi biogenic - zonke lezi izinhlobo zosizo ingatholakala izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

izici Jikelele sendawo Ukraine

Ngokuya orography ka yonke indawo e-Ukraine kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: ibhange kwesokudla, okuyinto ubuswa engamamitha eliphelele amamitha angaphezu kuka-200, futhi ibhange kwesokunxele, ukuphakama eliphelele okuyinto akuvamile ezingaphezu kuka-200 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

Izici eziyinhloko impumuzo ingxenye kwesokudla yasebhange ye-Ukraine - inala amagquma kweqa, umehluko abalulekile emachibini phezu sezwe, ukusatshalaliswa abalulekile amafomu Karst. On ibhange kwesokunxele yibona izindawo kuqondaniswe zomhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi, nge athuthukiswe kahle umfula ezigodini nasezintabeni inethiwekhi aminyene futhi nemihosha.

Cishe lonke engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Ukraine elalihlala Polesye elisezansi ne engamamitha isilinganiso 100-250 amamitha. Kuphela enyakatho Zhytomyr imele Slovechansko-Ovruch izingodo nge ukuphakama esiphezulu 316 amamitha. Phakathi amahlathi nasemaxhaphozini we njalo landforms elisezansi glacial futhi aeolian.

Iningi naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine kuthatha Podolsk upland, kanye eziningi ephansi entabeni massifs (Voronyaki, Gologory nabanye). Lapha itholakala futhi Khotyn upland nge iphuzu esiphezulu ingxenye flat yezwe - entabeni Byrd (515 metres).

Ngempumuzo engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Ukraine ngokuyinhloko flat. Lokhu monotony kancane dilutes IDonetsk Ridge, Azov futhi upland, iqhubezela ukuthi angene ezweni enyakatho-mpumalanga. Cishe yonke eningizimu ye-Ukraine (kanye enyakatho ingxenye enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea) ithatha olubanzi Black Sea Eliphansi, ukuphakama isilinganiso uyahluka 80-120 amamitha.

Impumuzo Ukraine uvezwa hhayi kuphela emathafeni, kodwa izintaba. Esikhathini kude entshonalanga yezwe zitholakala Ukrainian Carpathians, ehlanganisa emikhulu eminingana Okusizayo ngokulinganisa.

Kafushane mayelana izidubedube wezwe

Ukraine phakathi emazweni ahamba phambili emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni eziyishumi izinqolobane Imininingwane izidubedube. Umcebo eyinhloko yezwe - iyona ore yensimbi nge okuqukethwe kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu Ferrum. ezifakwa Its main tibheke ngaphakathi kryvbas. izimayini Ore Kwenziwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX.

Ngokuvamile, e-Ukraine kukhona angaphezu kwenkulungwane 20 idiphozithi yanoma ezingaphezu kuka amakhulu namaminerali ezahlukene. Phakathi kwabo, amalahle, lignite, nesibabule, igesi yemvelo, i-potassium usawoti, yensimbi kanye manganese imikhando, phosphorites, granites, Marl, inhlaka nabanye.

Ukuma futhi yemvelo ye-Ukraine ziya kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Ngakho, i-main amalahle tibheke ngaphakathi IDonetsk ububanzi, uwoyela negesi - Poltava plain. By projection isihlangu crystalline ku Dnieper upland angavalelwa ezifakwa elikhulu lensimbi manganese imikhando. Nedra Podolsk upland zinothile ezihlukahlukene ukwakhiwa izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Podolsk upland

Podolsk upland - isakhiwo orographic, okuyinto oluthatha mayelana 15% endaweni ye-Ukraine. iqhubezela wayo oseningizimu futhi ukuza insimu engumakhelwane Moldova. Iphuzu esiphezulu egqumeni - Mount Kamuli (471 imitha). Engamamitha silinganiselwa 300-350 amamitha.

kokuphakama Podolsky bahlanganisa ikakhulu limestone, sandstone, oluthambile futhi Marl. Ngakho-ke, lapha ukukhuthalele misela ezihlukahlukene zokwakha. Esikhathini impumuzo sentaba zibonakala ngokucacile afanayo ngawodwana Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, Kremenets ezintabeni, Tovtry nabanye.

Ngaphakathi Ukrainian Podillya evame kakhulu Karst. Kuphela eningizimu Ternopil esifundeni, kukhona abangaba ngu-100 emihumeni. Phakathi kwazo isikhathi eside Gypsum emhumeni eYurophu - nethemba. Ubude Imininingwane unhlangothi yayo kulinganiselwa khona ukuthi 250 amakhilomitha.

Black Sea elisezansi

Black Sea Eliphansi ithatha cishe wonke eningizimu ye-Ukraine, esukela uIshmayeli Berdyansk. Kuyinto flat futhi kancane bayichezukisa maqondana kolwandle Plain nge engamamitha isilinganiso 80-120 amamitha.

Ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu uwela isigodi elisezansi zemifula ezinkulu ezintathu - Dnieper, Dniester kanye Bug Southern. Esikhathini watersheds yalezi emifuleni kunezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele impumuzo - okubizwa ngokuthi pods. Lokhu kwehliswa oyindilinga elincane komhlaba, kwakheka ngenxa subsidence izinhlayiya ezijulile.

On ogwini Black futhi Azov kwezilwandle kwakhiwa zemifula ezinkulu eziningana (Dnieper, Dniester, ubisi, njll), kanye sebuningini ewumngcingo isihlabathi esephimisela neziqhingana.

Ukrainian Carpathians

Ukrainian Carpathians - iyingxenye enkulu ZaseCarpathos Ukhahlamba, esemgwaqweni engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe futhi ihlanganisa indawo yakwa-ezindaweni ezine. Zakhiwa emikhulu eminingana parallel ngamakhasimende isiqondiso esivela enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ngempela ezijulile wokuxovela longitudinal.

Ubude ingqikithi Ukrainian Carpathians kuyinto 280 km, ububanzi isilinganiso - mayelana 110 km. Sekukonke, endaweni entabeni ihlanganisa cishe 24,000 amakhilomitha square, okuyinto efana ne insimu ka Mykolayiv esifundeni.

Isakhiwo Geological kohlelo entabeni wabusa ezifakwa ekhumuzelayo futhi limestones Jurassic futhi schists. I izidubedube kuthiwa ekhishwe uwoyela, igesi nokumbiwa wax. Kukhona imithombo eminingi zokwelapha amanzi amaminerali.

Montenegro - ugema esiphezulu Ukrainian

Ngo Ukraine Carpathians, kukhona eziyisithupha okuthiwa dvuhtysyachnika - Mountains ngenhla uphawu 2000 amamitha. It kuba namandla kakhulu: Hoverla, uPetros, Brebeneskul, PIP Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik kanye nezimbambo. Basuke bonke kubekwe phakathi kokhahlamba lwezintaba - baseMontenegro.

Chornogora Ridge angabizwa ngokuthi owumphumela wawo wonke Ukrainian Carpathians. He is iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu yizivakashi phakathi izivakashi. Ugema welula cishe 20 amakhilomitha kanye ongumlando emfuleni European ezimbili ezinkulu Eastern - the iTisza futhi Prut.

An eziningi Montenegro futhi engalingani. Amagquma alo eningizimu iwe ngokushesha phansi babe amagatsha kangako noma abangafundile nhlobo. Kodwa enyakatho, kunalokho, elinesimo ngezinga eliphezulu amagatsha futhi kwehliswa eziyizitezi. Against Montenegro ungabona landforms glacial - boilers encane, Amashalofu okubeka ezinamadwala moraine lamagquma.

Tovtry - ukwakheka zemvelo eziyingqayizivele

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka impumuzo Ukraine, ingasaphathwa Tovtry. Lena ngenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu zokwakheka geomorphological kuleli zwe. Ezweni kukhona abambalwa ontanga yakhe.

Okushintshwe Tovtry - kuyinto enkulu coral zamakhorali ukuthi isingamakhilomitha amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana. Yena kuvela eduze nedolobhana Pidkamin saseLviv, futhi iphela ngasemzini Costesti, isivele ensimini ka Moldova. Amakhulu ezigidi edlule kule nsimu ashaya efudumele Sea Sarmatian, izinto eziphilayo lapho eyaqala umbala abavukelayo. Grand Toltrovy isukela esisibona namuhla - lena lutho, ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo asebenzayo begazi.

Tovtry ububanzi zokhahlamba kusuka 4 kuya ku-12 km kanti engamamitha kuze kufinyelele 430 amamitha. Ubude yonke ugema kukhona 65 ngasezinkwalini, lapho misela limestone, Gypsum nobumba.

impumuzo yabantu ku Ukraine

Relief Ukraine ibilokhu kakhulu ukulungiswa umsebenzi womuntu kwezomnotho engxenyeni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wesibili. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezifana Donbass noma Kryvbas lapho isizinda nsimbi namalahle kusukela umhlaba ngenkuthalo olwenziwa.

Ngakho, emizini ezungeze abaningi IDonetsk and Luhansk esifundeni amakhulu izinqwaba up. Lezi amagquma encane Isigaxa emise, ehlanganisa imfucuza rock - uhlobo by-imikhiqizo ye embonini yamalahle. Kodwa umhlaba Kryvorizhzhya like ngesihlungo, embozwe ezimayini, ukwehluleka futhi imigodi yezintaba-mlilo omkhulu endaweni futhi nsimbi inkwali ukujula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzila Dnieper futhi eziningi nezinye ezinkulu imifula Ukraine wavinjwa ngu kwamadamu amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, nsimu enkulu nje wanyamalala ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ukukhululeka ezizungezile iye ngokuphelele yashintshwa.

Ngakho, esebenzayo ibhizinisi umuntu ensimini ka-Ukraine e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kakhulu siguqulwe isimo ebusweni, ukudala indlela entsha impumuzo.