Ifa lefa: kuqala ngokuya komthetho

Ukuhlelwa kwefa kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebalulekile okufanele ifakeke kuzo zonke izakhamizi eRussia. Inkinga ukuthi ngokwemithetho impahla yabantu emva kokufa kwabo izosakazwa phakathi kwezihlobo ngokuvumelana nemithetho ebekiwe. Futhi wonke umuntu uzobhekana nalokhu. Yingakho izingxabano zezingane zivame ukutholakala ezinkantolo. Indlalifa ngayinye izama ukuthola isabelo sayo. Ikakhulukazi uma okokuqala kuvunyelwe.

Ngakho-ke yini edingekayo ukwazi ngefa eRussia? Yiziphi izici zenqubo okunconywa ukuba unake? Futhi ungayifaka ngaphi umyalelo wokuqashelwa kwamalungelo kulokhu noma leyo ndawo njengefa? Akunzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda konke lokhu njengoba kubonakala. Into eyinhloko ukwazi izizinda zomthetho waseRussia. Futhi-ke zonke izinqubo ezixhunyaniswe nezingxabano zefa zizoqondwa.

Ngokudingekile futhi cha

Into yokuqala okufanele ilalele ukuthi kunezimo ezithile lapho ifa lidingeka khona. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlu zangasese ngomthetho. Ngokuthanda, futhi. Okuwukuphela kwalokho ukuthi uma oshonile ebhala zonke izipho futhi wasakaza konke anakho.

Isabelo esibophezelayo sitholakale kwezinye izindlalifa. Kuzofakwa, naphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izimo. Ubani onelungelo lesabelo esimpoqo sefa le-testator? Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• Imibhangqwana ekhutshaziwe;
• Abaxhomekile;
• Abazali abangenakunyakaziswa be-testator;
• Izingane ezingakwazi ukusebenza futhi zizinakekele zona.

Ngakho-ke, lezi zigaba zabantu zizokwamukela ingxenye eyodwa noma enye yefa. Uma leyo ndawo isatshalaliswa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwalaba bantu, izindlalifa zinelungelo lokufaka isimangalo sephethini elisungulwe. Emva kwalokho, ngemuva kokucubungula icala, ifa lizophinde linikezwe kabusha, kodwa kucatshangelwa ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu abasha.

Ukuqala kokuqala

Ukuhlelwa kwefa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inzima. Ngenhlanhla, ezinkantolo zaseRussia, nakuba zivame ukubhekana nezikhwama zokuhlukaniswa kwempahla, kodwa zisheshe zixazulule izingxabano ezinjalo. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona i-oda elithile ngokusho ukuthi ngomthetho wonke umhlaba wesakhamuzi uzokwabiwa.

Okokuqala kudingeke ukuba ucabange izindlalifa zesigaba sokuqala. Laba yibo bantu phakathi kwabo ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla kuzokwenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni. Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, ngokuvamile kulesi sigaba eRussia kungenzeka ukudlulisela yonke impahla kubunikazi babantu abathile. Futhi ayifinyeleli eminye imigqa. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa kwalesi sigaba sezakhamizi kubhalwa kakhulu.

Ukuhlelwa kwefa kulokhu kuhlanganisa umbuthano othile wabantu. Lezi yizi:

• Izingane (kokubili abadala nabancane);
• Abazali be-testator;
• Oshade naye.

Bonke laba bangabantu abaphakathi kwawo abahambisa umhlaba kuqala. Futhi lapha ungafaka nabazukulu kanye nezinye izinzalo zomnikazi wezinto ezithile. Kodwa kubo impahla idlula emalungelo okumelela. Mayelana nalolu hlobo lwefa ngemuva kwesikhashana. Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukucabangela, ukuthi ubani futhi ngumuphi umyalelo lokhu noma leyo ndawo ezodluliswa ngumthetho.

Isiqu sesibili

Manje kude nokujwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa kwenzeka emacaleni okusebenza. Kuyacaca ukuthi ubani oqala ukudlulisela ilungelo lobunikazi kumyalelo wefa. Futhi kuthiwani uma, isibonelo, umuntu akanayo abazali, akekho oshade naye, akekho nezingane? Kulesi simo, impahla izodluliselwa ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngamuphi umyalo? Eqinisweni, kuqala kunezinye izihlobo ezenzeka kuqala. Kodwa njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, kanye nomthetho uthi, izakhamizi azikwazi ukubiza njengefa njengezizuzi uma kukhona okungenani oyindlalifa eyodwa kokuqala.

Ubani ozozuza njengefa endaweni yesibili? Phakathi kwabaphikisi abanjalo kukhona:

• Bazalwane;
• Odadewethu;
• Omkhulu;
• Ugogo.

Futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi okhokho babhekwa njengamabili kusukela ohlangothini lukababa novela kumama we-testator. Futhi abafowethu nodadewethu bangabi nje izihlobo, kodwa futhi bebonke. Ngokufanisa nesimo sangaphambilini, abafowenu namantombazane bangafaka isicelo esiteji sesibili samalungelo okumela impahla.

Isigaba sesithathu

Yini elandelayo? Konke lokhu, ukuhlelwa kwefa akupheli. Phela, kwezinye izimo, ngisho nabantu abaseduze abanalo impahla. Khona-ke, njengoba kunzima ukuqagela, kuzokwazi ukwahlukanisa konke okwakungasekushonile, phakathi kwezihlobo ezikude. Kodwa futhi ngokulandelana komugqa.

E-Russia kukhona isinyathelo sesithathu endleleni yokuthola amalungelo wefa. Kwenzeka kuphela uma kungekho izindlalifa zezinombolo ezibhalwe ngaphambilini. Ubani ongathunyelwa kulo mkhakha?

Phakathi kwezizindlalifa kuleli cala yilokhu:

• Umama;
• Uncle.

Akunandaba ukuthi izihlobo zegazi noma cha. Into eyinhloko ukuthi abafowabo nodadewabo babazali banelungelo lokuzuza ifa. Kodwa, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kuphela uma kungekho muntu wezindlalifa ezibalwe ekuqaleni.

Ilungelo lokumelela isigaba sesithathu lihlala kubazala nomfowabo. Yile ndlela i-Civil Code yaseRussian Federation ifunde ngayo. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ifa lomhlaba lilinganiselwe ngesikhathi. Ukuhlelwa kwefa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala lapho zonke izakhamuzi kufanele zikwazi ngakho. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufaka icala, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izimo eziningana.

Ezinye izinyathelo

Isibonelo, ukuthi ungaba kanjani, uma kungekho izakhamuzi ezibalwe ngaphambilini ezine-testator? Pho-ke umhlaba uzosatshalaliswa kanjani ngokomthetho? Kulesi simo, akanelungelo lombuso. Esikhundleni salokho, okungenani kukhona okungenani okunye okungaphezulu kwezingu-4. Okusho ukuthi, emthethweni waseRussia okungenani amazinga angu-7 wefa. Ukuzikhumbula akulula njengokuzwakalayo. Yingakho ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo empahla ngendlela yefa kuyimpikiswano.

Ubani obhekwa njengalokhu kulezi zigaba noma izindlalifa zezomthetho? Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa abantu abalandelayo:

• Umyalelo we-4 - ugogo nomkhulu nabakhulu-ugogo;
• Isiteji sama-5 th - abazukulu nabazukulu nabazukulu nodadewabo oyedwa;
• Okuyisithupha - umkhulukazi nomkhulu, umzukulu nomzukulu;
• Ubuhlobo obunamaphesenti angu-7 obuhlotsheni - abathandekayo, izingane zokutholwa, omama, omama.

Azikho izici ezicacile zomyalelo oqondile wefa. Kodwa lokhu kuphela ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwezindlalifa zezizindlalifa kulokhu noma kunjalo. Eqinisweni, amacala okuzalwa yizinto ezimbi kakhulu. Futhi kufanele iphathwe ngomthwalo wemfanelo. Yini enye okufanele isakhamuzi azi?

Isikhathi sefa

Kunesikhathi esithile okudingeka uhlangabezane ngaso nesimemezelo samalungelo akho wefa. Uma umuntu ethule, izenzo zakhe kufanele zithathwe njengekukhishwa kwempahla.

Ukungeniswa kwefa (ekudwebeni kwesicelo sesampula esasungulwe) kubelwe isigamu sonyaka. Ukubala kuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvula ifa. Emva kwalokhu, uma isakhamuzi singakhulumi isifiso sokwamukela noma sokushiya impahla, impahla isatshalaliswa phakathi kwazo zonke izindlalifa zesinyathelo esithile, noma idlulisela esigabeni esilandelayo sezihlobo.

Uma ngabe umkhawulo ocacisiwe ulahlekile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kungenzeka ukufaka isimangalo sokuba nelungelo lobunikazi bomyalelo wefa. Kulesi simo, uma inkantolo yenza isinqumo sokuthola indlalifa ongayithola, ungacela indawo. Uma sekuvele kusakazwa, inqubo yokwabiwa kabusha kwempahla izokwenziwa.

Ekubuyiselweni kwesikhathi sefa

Ngingabuyisela kanjani amalungelo efa? Kunezinketho eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi. Abanye babo abakwenzayo abakwenziwanga. Ulahlekile isikhathi lapho ifa lefa lenziwa khona? Ukuhlelwa kwefa, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, inqubo inzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, indlalifa ngayinye kumele ibike isifiso sayo sokuthola isabelo esimisiwe sendawo. Ukubuyiselwa kwesikhathi sefa kwenzeka.

Kwenzeka kanjani? Izimo ezilandelayo zingacatshangelwa:

Ukuthola imvume yokwabiwa kabusha kwempahla kulabo abathola impahla. Isakhamuzi kufanele sihlinzeke ngumbhalisi ngezivumelwano ezifanele ngokubhala. Kuzo zonke izicelo zendawo ezokwamukela izitifiketi ezintsha zokukhishwa kwesinye isikhathi noma enye.

Icala eliqaphela ilungelo le-oda lefa lihanjiswa enkundleni, emva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izizathu zesikhathi sokuthola le ndawo zingekho. Uma kungenjalo, isitatimende sokumangala asikwanelisi.

Isizathu sezizathu

Ukuhlelwa kwefa lomhlaba kuyaziwa. Kodwa yiziphi izimo ongazibuyisela ilungelo lokuthola isabelo sempahla yesihlobo esashonile? Ngezizathu ezizwakalayo zifaka:

• Isifo somuntu oyindlalifa entsha, okuphazamisa intando;
• Ukuhlala kwelinye izwe;
• Uma umuntu engazi ngamalungelo abo (okungukuthi, ukufa kwesihlobo);
• Ukuba esimweni esinzima, okwamvimbela ukuba akhulume intando yakhe;
• Izinhlekelele zemvelo / ezinye izimo ezingaphesheya kokulawulwa komuntu, ngokusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka yini ukubiza ifa.

Kulezi zimo (phambi kobufakazi), inkantolo ivuselela amalungelo efa ngezomthetho. Akukho okulukhuni noma okukhethekile. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ngokuvamile kuvame ukutholakala ingxenye engokomthetho yomhlaba, naphezu kwegama elingenakwenzeka lokungena kulelifa.

Ngesokudla sokumelwa

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nefa lamalungelo okumelela. E-Russia isimo esinjalo asenzeki njalo. Izindlalifa zalokhu noma leyo oda zihlelwe. Ziziphi izimo azothola leyo ndawo?

Uma izindlalifa (ngokuqondile) zomyalelo othile wokufa zifile ngaphambi noma ngokubambisana ne-testator, isabelo esabelwe abazuzi ngokuqondile bomhlaba sidluliselwa. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma abazali bomntwana sebefile, ifa elivela kubagogo lizothunyelwa kuqala kumzukulu, bese kuthi (uma ingane engekho) - kubazalwane nodade baleli gogo.

Indlela yokuthola ifa ngomthetho

Yini elandelayo? Abaningi banesithakazelo sendlela yokuthola ifa ngomthetho. Kunezinketho eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi. Kudingeka kusetshenziswe ezinyangeni ezingu-6 ezicacisiwe.

Okokuqala ukuxhumana notaryari. Lesi sisebenzi sibhala isicelo sokuba ifa (noma ukuphika, ungaba ngomuntu). Khona-ke kufika ukuthengwa kwempahla. Kudingeka ukuthi usebenzise endaweni yokuhlala ye-testator.

Ukhetho lwesibili yisimangalo sokuqaphela amalungelo athile njengefa. Kodwa, futhi ngemuva kokuba isinqumo senkantolo senziwe, umuntu kufanele abuyele kunothi.

Indlela yesithathu ukwenza izenzo ezibonisa ngokucacile isifiso somuntu ukuthola amalungelo esakhiwo. Yini esikhuluma ngayo? Ukungena efeni kwenzeka uma umamukeli ongase akwazi ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Beka izikweletu ze-testator;
• Kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinto;
• Isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwefa;
• Uqala ukuba nomnikazi.

Kungenxa yezimo ezinjalo ukuthi ukuqashelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwelungelo lefa kwenzeka. Kodwa uma befisa, isakhamuzi sikwazi ukubhala ukwenqaba kwesazisi.

Umhlobiso

Manje kufanele ucabangele inqubo yokuthola impahla. Izimo zihlukile. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, lo myalelo ungabonakala kanje:

1. Ukudlulisela ku-notary nokubhala isicelo sesabelo sefa.
2. Ukuhlanganisa imibhalo (mayelana nabo kamuva), ukuqinisekisa amalungelo njengendlalifa.
3. Ukukhokhwa komsebenzi kahulumeni. Isheke sinamathele kuhlelo lokusebenza.
4. Ukuthola isitifiketi esivela ku-notary mayelana namalungelo omhlaba.
5. Ukubhaliswa kwempahla. Sikhuluma ngokubhaliswa. Isibonelo, ku-Rosreestr.

Amadokhumenti

Kodwa manje kufanelekile ukucubungula imibhalo ezodingeka ukuthi isakhamuzi sithole ifa. Eqinisweni, uhlu alulona olukhulu. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula: ukuqhubeka nokuhleleka, ukukhathazeka ngokwengeziwe umyalelo wefa lomhlaba.

Ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ukunikeza amaphepha alandelayo afakwe isicelo se-notary:

• Ikhadi le-Identity of indlalifa (ipasipoti, kuzo zonke izicelo);
• Isitifiketi sokufa kwe-testator;
• Imibhalo yokuxhumana nomuntu oshonile - isitifiketi sokuzalwa, somshado;
• Imbuyiselo yokukhokhwa kwemali yokuthola ifa.

Yilokho konke. Uma umuntu enqaba impahla ngokuthola umamukeli othile, ifomu elihambelana nalo kufanele lihlanganiswe ngokubhala. Akukho okulukhuni noma okukhethekile, konke kucacile. Izimangalo zenqubo yefa phambi kokuba kukhishwe impahla ngokubhala akukwenzi. Umuntu oye walahleka kakade ifa ngeke akwazi ukuguqula inqubo. Ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo efa ngefa kuyinkambo enzima edinga ulwazi lomthetho waseRashiya osungulwe.