Polyurethane foam: eyingozi empilweni. I izakhiwo polyurethane foam

emakethe Modern ukwakhiwa ilungele ukunikela amakhasimende ayo izinto nokusetshenziswa eside nedumela ozinzile futhi uhlu olude polymers ukuthi beze emakethe akunjalo kudala futhi namanje ukuthola ukuqashelwa yabathengi. Kuyinto kuleli qembu futhi zihlanganisa polyurethane foam.

Kuyini - a Foam polyurethane?

Lokhu yesimanje ochwepheshe zokwakha kuthiwe iqembu amapulasitiki egcwele igesi. Polyurethane foam (PUF) siqukethe igesi esigabeni inert salezi ezingaphezu kuka-85%. Ububanzi kwale nto libanzi futhi zihlukahlukene. mpikiswano Nokho ezinzima phezu ukuthi umonakalo polyurethane empilweni kuletha, akusho abohle iminyaka eminingi. I okukhulunywa ngawo kakhulu kuleliphuzu umbuzo yokuziphatha impahla ngesikhathi omlilo futhi ukuphuma izingxenye anobuthi ezimweni bafudumale.

Indaba le impahla

Usuku lokuzalwa Foam elingangena ngokuphepha ngokuthi ngo-1937, lapho iqembu elincane ososayensi kusukela laboratory Levenkuzene impahla kwemiqondo nge izakhiwo engavamile. Kuye kwaba isikhathi esingakanani ratio ukuxuba izingxenye ezintsha impahla nokuthi ukusabela okusheshayo okwenzeka, property a Foam polyurethane ukuba ngokuphelele ezahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi zazibhalwe nezimo futhi uyakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima, kodwa ethambile ngokwanele ukuba imithwalo discontinuous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - amandla, ubulukhuni, ukuminyana, kodwa brittleness e eguqa. Indaba kuye kwavula i amathemba ezibanzi kakhulu, kodwa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kakhulu behlisa ukuqaliswa yabo. Nokho, kusukela 60s kwekhulu elidlule ukukhiqizwa Foam basungula ngokushesha.

Uphiko polyurethane Ukwakheka

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-Foam futhi ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe futhi okunamathiselwe yamaketanga polymer kukhona polyol (ingxenye A) kanye polyisocyanate (ingxenye B). Ngezinye izikhathi abakhiqizi polyol yasekhaya ungakwazi ukwengeza enye ingxenye - kulethe. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo Foam polyurethane kokuba iphunga othize kanye liquid ukungaguquguquki ngokwanele onephunga shades ezisukela ukukhanya yellow kuya konsundu.

Polyol nge isitoreji eside ivame ukuba exfoliate, ngakho-ke Kunconywa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukuxubanisa. Polyisocyanate ihlangana emanzini - abaxhumana crystallization iqala. Ukuze isitoreji isikhathi eside endaweni evulekile ifilimu Kumiswa phezu impahla. Ngokusho ingxenye Ukwakheka Foam yayo kungaba ezimbili zama - I-sishaye ekhipha.

izakhiwo biogenic

Polyols futhi polyisocyanate esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa polyurethane kukhona imikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Nokho-ke ukuthi ingxenye polyurethane eyaziwa futhi zingaba kusuka yemifino amafutha. Inketho engcono le njongo - uwoyela ocolisekileyo. Uphiko polyol liyatholakala kusuka amafutha sunflower, isoya, oilseed ukudlwengula. Nokho, izindleko lezi izinto zokusetshenziswa siphakeme ngokwanele kanye ukukhiqizwa akuyona kwezomnotho ingenzeka. Biogenic Foam izinto akhiqizwa izinto eziningi ezincane bese esetshenziswa ukuxazulula imisebenzi ethize iwumngcingo.

izakhiwo PPU

Polyurethane foam, ekhiqizwa yizimboni ezifuywayo angaphandle, enezinto eziningi kokubili izici emihle nemibi.

I ongaphakeme ezishisayo conductivity impahla (0.019 - 0.03 W / m), cishe Imininingwane umusi permeability, ukumelana namanzi ukwenza polyurethane foam ukushisa kakhulu futhi godroizolyatorom. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana ukwahlukanisa umsindo. High adhesion Coefficient owenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa Foam cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Nokho, hhayi kuphela izimfanelo ezinhle libhekene polyurethane foam. Umonakalo kungase kubangelwe phakathi ukushiswa polyurethane foam nempilo yabantu (uma ngqo impahla umthombo ilangabi burns). Ngaphezu kwalokho, polyurethane likhipha ezinobuthi - formaldehydes. Polyurethane, okuyinto izingxenye ukuxubana umoya namanzi, amelana kwethonya kwelanga. Njengoba uthola emnyama bese ewa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ububanzi PPU

Lesi sakhiwo polymer yesimanje kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene umsebenzi womuntu. Le ndawo okubanzi kohlelo yayo ukwakhiwa: ukwahlukanisa, ukwahlukanisa acoustic kanye nokuvikela izakhiwo civil kanye yezimboni iyiphi injongo (zokuhlala, amakhaya izwe, izitolo, izindawo zokugcina impahla ezingu hangars, njll). Ngenxa ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo polyurethane foam esetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa hhayi kuphela uphahla kodwa futhi izindonga, kokubili ngaphakathi izakhiwo ngaphandle. Sandwich panel polyurethane foam nalolo ukwakhiwa emisebenzini yokwakha prefabricated.

Foam nge kwabantu of 30-86 kg / m³ (foams eqinile nakho ngeke kusize) asetshenziswa njengoba umsindo futhi ezishisayo ekuvikeleni impahla. A impahla nge kwabantu of 70 kg / m³ has a isakhiwo ekhasa aluphumeleli amanzi asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuze ungangenisi amanzi.

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa ifriji esetshenziswa njengoba PUF hladoizolyatora. Imboni izicathulo iqasha impahla womshini izakhi ezihlukahlukene izicathulo kanye lwaleli izisekelo.

Nokho, kukhona izindawo lapho iwusizo ezingabazekayo kakhulu elinama ezifana polyurethane foam. eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni angabangela impahla usekelwa futhi fillers for ifenisha upholstered, omatilasi, pillows, njll (Polyurethane Foam kwabantu 5-40 g / m³ - soft zikasimende). Nakuba abakhiqizi PPU futhi siqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza imvelo kanye eziphila hlangothi, ukusebenzisa kwayo njengoba yamathebhu bafuna amathoyizi zingenza abazali abangathanda ukuyicabanga uma impilo yezingane zabo.

Lala ezingalweni Foam ...

Sizogxila izifundo zokulala ezifana omatilasi Foam. Umonakalo okubi kakhulu, ingase Kusetshenziswe ukuhogela intuthu eziyinkimbinkimbi oluyingozi chemical compounds (mayelana 30 zinhlobo), kusho ukuthi ungaba yingozi ningi of them are phenol 2-ethylhexanoic acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omatilasi entsha nge polyurethane foam yamathebhu ihlaba umkhosi izikhathi 5-6 izinto iyingozi kakhulu kunokuba abantu esidala. I lokuhlushwa evala yalezi izinto kukhona engaqhathaniswa ne uketshezi kusukela flooring entsha laminated.

Iziqinisekiso zokuphepha omatilasi nge polyurethane foam yamathebhu ezingabazekayo ngesizathu esilula resin asetshenziswe isinyathelo sabo ukukhiqiza, yelikhono, izihlanzi, esebenzayo yizici zamakhemikhali (phenol!).

Ingabe usongo phenol omkhulu?

Phenol kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso into enobuthi ngenxa yokuthi inikeza off intuthu enesihlungu, futhi le nqubo ngaphandle Ukuwohloka noma ukulahleka ubuthi ingahlala iminyaka. Lo msuka chemical kungabangela izifo amasistimu ezinkulu zomzimba womuntu: kwemigudu yokuphefumula, wethukile futhi senhliziyo. Umphumela kungaba bekhanda, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, incoordination. Ukusebenza nezinso isibindi ingaphinda iphazamiseke. Njalo contact nge phenol futhi yayo evala ikani imbangela ukubukeka esabekayo izifo isifuba somoya, izifo zamaphaphu isifo, komzimba.

Ngokwe ososayensi ababandakanyekayo kusivivinyo kule ndawo, ukusetshenziswa polyurethane foam womshini ifenisha zezingane, omatilasi, amathoyizi okungenasisekelo. PPU kungenzeka kufakwe izinto ephephile. Uma abazali abakhathazeke ngazo impilo yezingane zabo, kumelwe babe abaphile Ukulalelisisa kakhulu ukukhetha ngabo amathoyizi kanye omatilasi, lapho njengoba yamathebhu ingasetshenziswa polyurethane foam. Kwenqwaba lamazwe ophucukile wavimbela ukusetshenziswa phenol womshini imikhiqizo yansuku zonke.

Yini engalungile?

Imikhiqizo ezenziwe polyurethane asetshenziswa kabanzi ngempela ezindaweni eziningi zokuphila komuntu. Polyurethane foam amagwebu ibhodi ngesisekelo polyurethane zibulale emaphashini, isikhumba, amehlo. Plates for ukwahlukanisa eyenziwe polyurethane foam, emoyeni poliizotsoanatov kwakwakhe anobuthi abangela njengemithi yokungezwani komzimba nokuthile, noma somoya. Lapho ukufuthelana PUF slabs amalahle amabhethri noma Ukukhetha kwelanga polyisocyanate iyakhula.

Endabeni ka umlilo Foam ukusha futhi likhipha isisi esinobuthi, okuyinto umthombo obengeziwe ingozi futhi usongo ekuphileni. Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva ngokuya baye basebenzisa izinhlobo ze-non-oluvuthayo polyurethane foam sitholwe yethula Ukwakheka kwabo izithasiselo ekhethekile. polyurethane okunjalo umonakalo empilweni kuyinto cishe ingozi.

Ngakho lapho kuyiqiniso?

Polyurethane foam - kuyini? Ona him sizo? Ezindaweni eziningi ukusetshenziswa polyurethane foam kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila komuntu akukuniki impendulo esiqondile kulo mbuzo. Ukuze embonini yezokwakha ngokuqinisekile ezinhle, futhi omkhulu. Ithuba ukwakheka ingxube futhi sisebenzise Foam vimbela ebusweni ngokuqondile kwakhiwa nokwehlisa ezihambisana izindleko ukudala Monolithic Foam-surface ngaphandle izikhala phakathi inhlangano ezishisayo amabhuloho. Ukwahlukanisa of amapayipi, ukwahlukanisa ephansi lokushisa iphayiphi kanye umkhakha chemical okwamanje kungenzeka neze ne kahle efanayo, esihlinzeka Foam polyurethane.

Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwale nto enkulu ekwakhekeni izimpahla abantu (nezingane ikakhulukazi) Ochwepheshe abaningi kulo mkhakha obonakala engenandaba ngempela kuthethelelwe. Ekushayweni ezinobuthi ungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba 2003 ukukhiqizwa ezifuywayo izingxenye zokukhiqiza polyurethane foam ubuchwepheshe sihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa oluyingozi kakhulu ether compounds. Namuhla, abakhiqizi bayaqinisekiswa ukuthi bashiya ubuchwepheshe. Ezinsukwini ezingu-3 ngemuva kwesicelo zalezi zinto ebugqilini esincane igesi ezisele ngemuva izingxenye ukuphendula, futhi imvelo polyurethane foam kwalokho.

Ngokuvamile, esimweni ngasinye, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo polyurethane foam, kubalulekile ukuba abantu beveza asondele kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda zonke "ngobuhle nangobubi bawo 'yalesi material kunoma yimuphi umkhakha wempilo.