Owavula wamazwe Dutch Abela Tasman? Umnikelo ka-Abela Tasman ngokuma kwezwe

Tasman Abela Yanszon wamazwe odumile Dutch, owathola New Zealand, Fiji Islands futhi Bismarck, kanye nezinye iziqhingi eziningi ezincane. It lethiwa Tasmania isiqhingi, elise kuya eningizimu e-Australia, lapho wayengowokuqala ngqá vakashela ku-Abela Tasman. Lokho uvule isihambi abadumile, futhi lapho wayekade - bafunda ngalo le nto.

Imfihlakalo umsuka itilosi

Eqinisweni, ngangicabanga Abela Tasman okungaka yaziwa, okungenani, anawo mlando, kukhona imibhalo embalwa kakhulu engase ezisikhanyisela yomlando wakhe. Phakathi imithombo iyatholakala, lapho Ukubloga nohambo lwasolwandle 1642-1643 GG., Ibhalwe ngesandla sakhe siqu, futhi ezinye zezincwadi zakhe. Ngokuqondene nosuku lokuzalwa seafarer, it is unyaka owodwa kuphela eyaziwa - 1603. Indawo okwazalelwa ka Tasman waziwa kuphela 1845, lapho zomlando Dutch ngeke, esihlelwe ngomumo kwafumaniseka ukuthi babe yizinkulungwane e 1657 - mhlawumbe-ke Lyutgegast ngomzana, ise-sifundazwe Dutch Groningen.

Futhi, omncane ngabazali bakhe itilosi eyaziwa, ngaphandle ukuthi uyise, mhlawumbe okuthiwa Jans, njengoba igama phakathi Abela Yanszon okubalulekile "Jansa indodana." Lapho Tasman wafundiswa, waba itilosi - kule njengoba akukho lwazi. Mhlawumbe ngaphambi wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, akazange abanezikhundla okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwana u-Abela Tasman ngomkhumbi emanzini European ikakhulu avalelwe.

Ukuhambisa ku-i-Dutch East Indies

Ngo-1633 (ngokuvumelana enye inguqulo - e 1634) is a Itilosi Dutch bashiya iYurophu waya zase-East Indies, yangaphambili ngesikhathi leli koloni Dutch. Kube Abela Tasman wakhonza njengephayona skipper imikhumbi okuqondene Dutch East India Company, esenesikhathi futhi lokho kwasebenza kahle, emuva lé ngawo 1638, wamiswa njengelungu induna "Ingelosi" isitsha.

Tasmania kwadingeka abuyele Holland, lapho usayine inkontileka entsha nenkampani iminyaka eyishumi. Ngaphezu India, wabuyela nomkakhe, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo kangako. Banezinhliziyo indodakazi, owakhonza iminyaka eminingi ehlala noyise wakhe eBatavia (manje Jakarta), bese oshadile futhi wathuthela eYurophu.

Treasure Hunt

Phakathi wabahloli-Spanish futhi Dutch kudala Legends mayelana othile ongaqondakali, ecebile izinsimbi eziyigugu Islands Rico de Plata de Oro futhi Puerto Rico, okusho ukuthi "esiliva ocebile" futhi "igolide-ocebile", okuthiwa ise empumalanga ocean of Japan. Anthony van Diemen, le ke Governor-Jikelele East India, okuhloswe ukuthola kulezi ziqhingi. Ekufuneni kwabo imikhumbi emibili, inani eliphelele crew okwakukhona 90 Abantu babe ahlomile. Lo mkhumbi "Graft" eyayiholwa Abela Tasman.

Juni 2, 1639 imikhumbi aphume itheku at kweBatavia balibangisa Japan. Ngaphezu umsebenzi oyinhloko bomkhankaso nenkinga ezincane. Ngokwesibonelo, ePhilippines Kuye kwenziwa ukuze ulungise ibalazwe esifundeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho Mariners kwadingeka inhlanhla ukuvula eziningana iziqhingi entsha Bonin Islands. Babephinde babizwe ngaphambilini ukuba ngenanise nabantu bomdabu izindawo bazovakashela. Baqhubeka ukuya ohlangothini ehlosiwe, kodwa ngokushesha imikhumbi ubhubhane Kwagqashuka, okuholela bomkhankaso waphoqeleka ukuba ngibuyele emuva ngingahambi. Nokho, u-Abela Tasman, iminyaka yakho yokuphila lapho, ngokuvamile, ophasiswe uhambo lomkhumbi engapheli, futhi kulesi sikhathi akazange achithe isikhathi ziyabuya, ngalesikhatsi kuchutjekwa nekwenta afeze ucwaningo ku expanses zasolwandle.

navigation okusha - izingozi entsha

Lolu hambo wabuyela eBatavia Februwari 19, 1640. Abela Tasman uhambo akuphumelelanga ngokuphelele, ngoba izisebenzi akhe basinda abantu abayisikhombisa kuphela ayesele, cargo yezimpahla ezithengwa unganelisekile kakhulu Land the Van Diemen, ngoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola ingcebo yalesi siqhingi engaqondakali. Noma kunjalo, lo mbusi-jikelele ayikwazanga ukuhlola ikhono Abela Tasman, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye wathumela ngokuphindelela in the ukubhukuda ahlukahlukene.

Phakathi Umsebenzi eduze Taiwan imikhumbi wabanjwa isishingishane esasihamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha eqinile yacwila cishe yonke imikhumbi. Tasmania ngokuyisimangaliso wakwazi ukubaleka phezu iwuhlelo, onguyena kuphela osaphila, kodwa amathemba wayengazange kamnandi, ngoba umkhumbi ngokulambisa igcinwe ntanta: Kwaphulwa insika kanye isigwedlo, futhi hold wawudla izindwali ngamanzi. Kodwa isiphetho wasindisa itilosi njengoba ovele aphinde abhukude abuyele umkhumbi Dutch.

Ilungiselela uhambo entsha enkulu

I Dutch East India Company ukwandisa ithonya lawo njalo ukuhlela uhambo entsha. Kule ndaba, uhulumeni-Jikelele van Diemen e 1642, ofakelwe olunye uhambo, ogama njongo kwaba ukutadisha eningizimu e-Indian Ocean, kanye ukuthola izindlela ezintsha ulwandle. Kwakuthinta wajuba ukuthola eSolomon Islands, kulandele useyili ngasempumalanga ziyofuna umzila kahle eChile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukuthola lamatshwayo ezweni eningizimu, esatholakala wamazwe Willem Yanszon ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII.

Ngaleso sikhathi, itilosi Dutch kubhekwe cishe itilosi okunekhono kakhulu East India, akumangalisi ukuthi umholi esibaluleke kangaka waqokwa inkampani Abela Tasman uhambo. Akuthola Phakathi nohambo? Lokhu Tasman wabhala ngokuningiliziwe encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku.

Ukutholakala Tasmania

Lolu hambo, Agasti 14, 1642 eshicilelwe eBatavia, abantu 110 iqhaza. Ithimba kwadingeka ukuba samuka ku izikebhe ezimbili: Flagship "Hemsmerke" futhi enezinsika ezintathu "Zeehane" ukufuduka amathani 60 no-100, ngokulandelana. Ngokusho kobufakazi Tasman, imikhumbi lapho amatilosi kwadingeka ukuba bathathe uhambo, kwakungafanele esimweni esihle, ngakho wayazi ukuthi le mikhumbi akunakwenzeka ukuwela yePacific ukufinyelela ogwini yeChile.

Abela Tasman unqume utadisha eningiliziwe Ocean eningizimu Indian, okuyinto waya esiqhingini Mauritius, okuyinto olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, futhi ukusuka lapho waphendukela eningizimu-mpumalanga, bese, ukufinyelela 49 ° latitude eningizimu, futhi walibangisa empumalanga. Nokho Tasmania, yena itilosi Dutch wawuqamba Van Diemen sika Land, ngemva umbusi zase-East Indies amakoloni - Waselula ogwini esiqhingini, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaqanjwa owathola yayo.

ukubhukuda okuqhubekayo nokufeza entsha

Lolu hambo baqhubeka ukubhukuda futhi ihamba isiqondiso mpumalanga, azungeza umhlaba osanda kutholakala ugu oluseningizimu ye. Ngalokho u-Abela Tasman safinyelela ugu olusentshonalanga ye-New Zealand, lapho ke wathatha phezu Earth US (manje eStaten Island, elise off ichopho eliseningizimu ye-Latin America). Abavakashi kancane wahlola ugu eNew Zealand, ngemva Ukaputeni wamthola ukuthi izwe wathola bengebona Solomon Islands, wanquma ukubuyela eBatavia.

Tasman ithumele imikhumbi eya enyakatho bomkhankaso. Endleleni ayenakho ukuvula iziqhingi eziningi ezintsha, ezihlanganisa Fiji. By endleleni, lapho abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu abafika lapha kuphela emva kweminyaka 130. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Tasman ngomkhumbi kolwesiNgisi eSolomon Islands, lapho athi kuye ukubheka, kodwa ngenxa yenkungu bomkhankaso sasingakaze siphawule.

Buyela eBatavia. Ukulungiselela bomkhankaso olandelayo

Ihamba 'Hemsmerk "futhi" Zeehan "wabuyela eBatavia Juni 15, 1643. Njengoba lo mkhankaso abalethanga yokungenisa imali, kanti ukaputeni akazange sifeze wonke umsebenzi walo, ukuphathwa-East India Company sisonke akazange asijabulele lesi imiphumela ukubhukuda, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola Abela Tasman. Ukutholakala Land the Van Diemen Nokho, yamjabulisa ne kumbusi wesifundazwe, owayebhekwa nomdlandla, wayekholelwa ukuthi konke elahlekile, futhi ukucabanga kakade ngokuthumela uhambo entsha.

Lesi sikhathi, yayinesithakazelo New Guinea, lapho, yena ukholelwa ukuthi nibaluleke kahle ukuhlola izidubedube. Umbusi wayezimisele ukusungula umzila phakathi New Guinea naseMicronesia Land the elisanda kutholakala Van Diemen, ngakho akabange esapholisa maseko waqala ukuhlela uhambo entsha, eholwa Tasman esimisiwe.

Ukutadisha asogwini olusenyakatho-Australia

Kulolu hambo oluyingqopha itilosi Dutch, omncane, eyaziwa ngokuthi imithombo kuphela ubufakazi ngawo - le ncwadi van Diemen, aqondiswa ku-East India Company, futhi, eqinisweni, amamephu edonswa Tasman. Navigator ephethwe ukuhlanganisa ibalazwe eningiliziwe ezingaphezu kuka emithathu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane. Km ka asogwini olusenyakatho-Australia, futhi lokhu kwaba ubufakazi bokuthi leli zwe kuyinto ezwekazini.

Lolu hambo wabuyela eBatavia 4 Agasti 1644. Nakuba-East India Company, futhi kulesi sikhathi akazange asithole inzuzo, e, uquketheni lowo Itilosi akungabazeki, njengo-Abela Tasman wenza umnikelo omkhulu cwaningo ubeka nezwekazi eliseningizimu, ngoba ukuthi ngoMeyi 1645 yena yanikezelwa elisezingeni Commander. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola izikhundla eziphakeme futhi wajoyina uMkhandlu Wezobulungisa eBatavia.

isihambi angalungiseki

Naphezu indawo entsha, okuyinto wathatha Tasman, kanye nemisebenzi yayo nezibopho, wayesalokhu ngezikhathi waya nohambo lwasolwandle ezikude. Ngakho, ngo-1645-1646 GG. Waba khona uhambo kuya Malay Archipelago, e 1647 ngomkhumbi Siam (manje Thailand), futhi 1648-1649 - ePhilippines.

Abela Tasman, ogama biography ugcwele zonke izinhlobo uhambo, e 1653, basula. Wahlala eBatavia, lapho ashada khona okwesibili, kodwa unkosikazi wakhe wesibili nayo eyaziwa ngokuthi wokuqala. Ngemva kokuphila le ithule cwaka futhi inokuthula ukuphila kuze kube iminyaka engu-56 ubudala, Tasman wafa ngo-1659.

Isenzakalo esenzeka ngesikhathi omunye uhambo lomkhumbi eziningi

I Tasman Ukubloga kukhona eziningi amarekhodi ahlukene, usitshelani-ke ngamaphathi bomkhankaso 1642-1643 GG., Lapho-Dutch sathola ithuba iqhaza isihambi. Omunye izindaba, eqoshiwe kubo, ukhuluma lokho okwenzeka esiqhingini esithile esincane lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba uvakashele Mariners.

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi abanye bomdabu esingu umcibisholo bebheke Ukufika walimaza omunye wamadoda. Abantu bendawo bangase engesabi ulaka abantu on shumbi alethwe ibangelwa saya esikebheni futhi Anikele kulezi zifiki. Cishe bazitshela ukuthi amatilosi waqonda ne tribesman abantu bakubo abangamahlongandlebe Nokho, iningi besikhathi sakhe Tasman, cishe ngabe kwenziwa kanjalo. Kodwa u-Abela Tasman wazibonakalisa besisa, owayelwazi kuya nomuzwa wobulungisa, ngakho ukuyidlulisa, isiboshwa sayo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi amatilosi ababe ilawulwe Tasman, futhi ebazisa kuye, futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba le ndaba nge abangalaleli bomdabu, singaphetha ngokuthi wayeyindoda ayakufanelekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye Itilosi abanolwazi futhi professional ensimini yakhe, ngakho amatilosi omethembayo kuye.

isiphetho

Kusukela uhambo itilosi isiDashi esifundweni sokuqala esikhulu wamanzi wase-Australia nase-Oceania, okomnikelo Abela Tasman ngokuma kwezwe ayikwazi overestimated. imisebenzi yakhe yabangela ukuphela kokucetshiswa abalulekile amabalazwe isikhathi, ngakho Tasman ingenye amaphayona ebaluleke kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka XVII.

UMbuso Archives e-Netherlands, etholakala e-The Hague, wagcina izincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni ngedayari, okuyinto Tasman mathupha egcwele ngesikhathi omunye lokuyoshumayela. Kuyinto mass yazo zonke izinhlobo ulwazi nezithombe ezibonisa khona itilosi ezehlukile amakhono okwenza imidwebo. Umbhalo ogcwele idayari yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1860 ngu-compatriot Tasman uJakobe Schwartz. Ngeshwa, ososayensi namanje ayikwazanga ukuthola logbook yoqobo imikhumbi lapho ngomkhumbi Tasman.

Tasmania - akulona kuphela inhlangano ezindawo ukuthi iqanjwe owathola zayo ezidumile. Kusukela lokho yaqanjwa Abela Tasman, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa kolwandle, elise phakathi kwe-Australia neNew Zealand, kanye neqembu leziqhingi ezincane ezingaba elise ePacific Ocean.