Oranienbaum - mbukwane. Kanjani ukuze uthole Oranienbaum

Phakathi zokuhlala ezweni elise Iphandle Petersburg, Oranienbaum esabiwe. Izikhangibavakashi ke Wangena eziyinkimbinkimbi wobuciko wadala umsebenzi eliphefumulelwe abaklami abadumile, izingcweti abanamakhono, abadwebi-master kwezobuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla kwekhulu XVIII futhi linendawo ekhethekile emlandweni isiko Russian futhi izwe.

Oranienbaum

Ngo 1707, ezweni eduze confluence eGulf of Finland Karasta River unikwe ngu-Peter mina (Emperor) umngane wakhe u-Alexander Menshikov, ngaleso sikhathi owayese Governor Ingermanland, yanika uMbuso Russian ekupheleni Elikhulu Northern neMpi. Ngu oda ozithandayo zombusi ku endaweni engasogwini okuphambene esiqhingini Kotlin abaklami Schedel G. no D. Fontana Yakhiwa Grand Palace, cishe kwafana ezozibonela ubuhle bayo esigodlweni soMbusi at ePeterhof. Iphinde lwenzelwe Nizhny engadini njalo - ngomunye wabokuqala eRussia. Emhlabeni yokuhlala ezweni Aleksandra Menshikova, igama Oranienbaum, kwavela okufanayo negama isiphetho Pridvortsovy.

Umsuka igama elingavamile bezama ukuchaza izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene. Omunye legend uthi lapha phakathi intandokazi kaPetru mina elise Wild orange orangery (Oranienbaum ngesiJalimane - lomuthi orange). On masimu futhi ezitebhisini ongaphandle Grand Palace ehlobo embukisweni thini engajwayelekile North - izitshalo siluhlaza bohlobo lwe-citrus.

indaba yokuhlala

Kuwo wonke umlando walo, kwakukhona kakade eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-300, sokuhlala isishintshe kakhulu abanikazi, futhi isiphetho yanikezwa i-status yedolobha.

Ngo-1743 isakhiwo wayiswa samanje uPetru III, ngubani esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1761. Ngemva umbuso esigodlweni e 1762 ngoba uCatherine II wakha isigodlo Oranienbaum, okuyinto langena e "Dacha Okwami". Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo zawo zazilotshiwe kuphela izibonelo isitayela ezakhiwo Rococo okwethulwa Russia.

Kusukela 1796 kwaba yokuhlala ezweni asebukhosini kanye nempahla wadlulela isizukulwane esilandelayo. Ngaphambi inguquko, abanikazi bayo zokugcina yabalwa Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Ngemva kwezenzakalo kuka-1917, izakhiwo esikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha zidluliselwe esekelwe insimu ka Oranienbaum Ihlathi College. Kwezinye izigodlo, ikakhulukazi e-China, iminyuziyamu ivulekile. Ngo-1948 edolobheni iqanjwe kabusha Lomonosov. "Oranienbaum" (njengoba isihloko) wagcinelwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando. Isabelo komuzi yaqanjwa usosayensi omkhulu Russian akwenzekanga ngengozi. Eduze lapha, edolobhaneni Ust-Ruditsa, kwaba kaZuma yakhe, futhi laboratory ukulungiswa ingilazi enombala.

Ngo ngemva kwempi Oranienbaum yasala dengwane, ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo sina waqala kuphela 90 sekwephuzile.

Ngo-2007, isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele iye yethulwa kuleli State Museum "ePeterhof". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi edolobheni Petersburg hhayi kuphela sezibekwe ekubhujisweni phakathi neMpi Yezwe II futhi kwalondolozwa ukunemba kwalo ngokomlando kuyinto Ensemble emlandweni futhi yokwakha "Oranienbaum" ezikhangayo ubani uchungechunge ephelele zokuhlala omele Petergofskaya komgwaqo.

Architectural futhi landscape eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izigodlo nezingadi amapaki ka Oranienbaum lakhiwe ngemalunga lamatsatfu Ensemble kwezobuciko, wadala phakathi nekhulu XVIII. Ekwakheni indima wazo ongavamile ukudlalwa ngu Antonio Rinaldi. Isitayela wezakhiwo Italy lihlukile rationalism, conservatism esikukhompiyutha. Ngo imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani Oranienbaum Chinese Palace, Opera House, Dvorets Petra III futhi "esishelelayo Hill."

Zonke izikhungo epaki bakha uhlobo Ukwakheka, okuyinto ihlukaniswe Lower Garden nge Menshikov Isigodlo kanye Upper Park, ne izikhumbuzo zalo eziningi zomlando.

Ukwakhiwa eyingqayizivele Petrine inkathi

Ukwakhiwa Grand Palace kanye ukudalwa emhlabeni Lower Park, okuyinto isici esasenza ubunye yezakhiwo kanye nobuciko, kwaba ukuqala kokudaliweyo eziyinkimbinkimbi "Oranienbaum". Izikhangibavakashi lokhu ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi lathumela, ngaphezu Menshikov Palace zihlanganisa umzimba Catherine, Monplaisir Palace, Marly Palace, oLwandle Canal kanye avenue enhle kakhulu nemithombo.

Bonke ezisekhona kuze kube sesikhathini sethu. Grand Palace ngokwayo, naphezu ushintsho okuphindaphindiwe, hhayi kuningi osekushintshile ukubukeka kwakhe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ziseduze naye ayekuhlelile, okuvumela ukuba aphakathi ukukhuliswa nalutho Petrine inkathi.

landscape art

Ngo landscape ubuciko sikhathi siye sazama asuke izimiso ukuwohloka njalo izingadi. Lapho edala Upper Ipaki Rinaldi wakwazi ukufeza uguquko olungenazihibe ezisuka kwenye ingxenye yayo wesitayela kwenye. umculi Talented wakucabangela izici endaweni ebabazekayo, evelela Oranienbaum. Park, ehlanganisa Cottages uQobo Petershtadskogo Ensemble Wajoyina ndawonye. Azikho imigqa esiqinile manicured isihlahla imiqhele ejwayelekile bekuhlela njalo. Kodwa kusobala ukuthi kukhona ubunye obunobunye okuyinto ahlanganisiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi amaphetheni weJiyomethri ezizungezile, zokudlala, Maze amanzi emadanyini amachibi yokufakelwa zixhunywe emiseleni, isiyaluyalu imvelo zasendle kanye izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Lesi sakamuva imelelwa nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele Rococo ngesitayela izakhi classicism nascent.

umklamo yobuciko. Synthesis ubuhle futhi iwusizo

Isici okukhethekile Upper Ipaki wukuthi isakhiwo namaphrojekthi kuzo zonke izakhiwo kuwo zalo ezenziwe umakhi ofanayo. umklamo yobuciko Rinaldi bajoyine magic lobuhle iwusizo zamagama. Ukuxuba izitayela ezahlukene decor, ukuxhumana izimiso njalo futhi landscape, izindlela iqhaza alinganayo kokubili izinkomba ihlukanisa Oranienbaum zokungcebeleka lapho ngokuvumelanayo benziwe linye ne landscape, ezithinta ubuhle bayo kanye nobuhle.

Ensemble yezakhiwo kanye bokubeka kwepaki

Ekujuleni emehlweni Upper Ipaki esigodlweni Chinese, kuyingxenye dacha uQobo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isakhiwo sokuqala wabizwa ngokuthi "i-Dutch House". Igama elisha weza kamuva futhi kubangelwa imfashini esengeziwe "kitayschinu". Interior umhlobiso lwesigodlo senziwa emoyeni yobuciko Chinese-Japanese.

Isakhiwo engadini uQobo sihlanganisa i Pergola Arbor abadumile ehlanganisa pylons 54 futhi exhaphozini izitebhisi zamatshe amanzi. It yadalwa ekhulwini XIX futhi kuyinto umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu engadini izakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi. Pergola eyakhelwe indawo ye-Coffee House, abalisebenzisa alizange lilethwe ekuphileni Rinaldi.

It kuqhakambisa "esishelelayo Hill", okuyinto enkulu epaki izindawo. Lapha, inkantolo kwadingeka fun ngezicathulo nge ice amaslayidi, uyeza omunye ngemva komunye futhi akha ubude 532 amamitha. Traditional Folk kumnandi olwalukhona ehlobo.

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli "Stone Salo" cishe ohloselwe amakhonsathi. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo cinema exhumana embukisweni ingaphakathi design namatshe aqoshiwe epaki.

The Upper Ipaki ungabona futhi Cavalry Corps, esangweni Honorary, inkundla, ngokuthi "cuisine Chinese".

Peter epaki

Petrovsky Park - enye indalo Rinaldi. iPlani lakhe kwenziwa iqhaza amakhosi Lamberti. Lapho edalwa njengendodana izakhi isiqondiso njalo iye yasetshenziswa ngesisekelo izingadi Italy. nezimpophoma eziningi, masimu eyayihambisana emadokodweni ezincanyana phakathi kwabo - the ezimbili storey Hermitage, Solovyov ifenisha, indlu Chinese.

Manje Park kaPetru ungaphakathi isitayela landscape. isisekelo sakhe compositional kuyinto Karasta eMfuleni, Upper futhi Lower yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi.

Indlela ukuya "Oranienbaum"?

zokuhlala Royal eduze Petersburg afakiwe ezihlukahlukene ukubona indawo izinkambo. Vakashela nabo unga ngokwakho, uma wazi kusengaphambili indlela yokufika khona.

Oranienbaum itholakala edolobheni Lomonosov, elise kwamakhilomitha angu-40 enhloko-dolobha enyakatho. Kungcono ukuthola lapha kusukela engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe edolobheni. Ngakho, esiteshini sesitimela "Oranienbaum" (e Lomonosov) uthatha usuka esiteshini komhlaba "Avtovo" ngeteksi K-424a, ibhasi №200; ku 'Prospect Veterans' esiteshini - ibhasi №343. Kusukela Baltic uphethiloli e Lomonosov hamba kagesi njalo.

Ngaphambili, kusukela Kronstadt Museum-reserve ababengashunyayezwa ngesikebhe, manje kalula ngebhasi №175.

Umhlahlandlela ephathekayo

Emnyango epaki imephu ezindaweni key, okuyinto idume Oranienbaum. Photo uhlelo esikhathini esizayo kuyokusiza ukuba ukuhlela uhambo lwakho. Kufanele sinake imiyalelo ukulanda umhlahlandlela ophathekayo epaki - isicelo electronic "Oranienbaum Park". It has a plan, izingalo, ulwazi ngomlando eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ividiyo emfushane.