Okuqukethwe kwemfundo: umqondo, izimiso, imigomo kanye nezindlela

Okuqukethwe imfundo - iqoqo Izinjongo, izinhlobo imisebenzi, izindlela, izinkomba kanye nemingcele ukuthi zikhona negalelo ku ubuntu bengane. Lokhu ucabangela umthelela izici zangaphandle, kanye izici ngazinye uhlamvu wengane.

Inchazelo

okuqukethwe imfundo kuyinto uhlelo oluthile, okuhlanganisa iqoqo izinkolelo, izici siqu, izici zokuziphatha kanye nezinye izimfanelo zakhe lowo umntwana kufanele balukhulume ngokuhamba sokukhomba. Kwesisekelo elandelayo imibono:

• ngokoqobo target (ukukhula komuntu ngokuhambisana amakhono akhe nokubaluleka kwakhe ukuthambekela);
• umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela (zokuqeqesha cwaningo, othisha, kanye nezindlela search ngokubambisana ne abafundi);
• lokuzibusa (ingane ezinye nenkululeko isenzo emkhakheni izithakazelo ucwaningo kufanele inikwe, kanye ukusungulwa kwesiGungu isikhundla esibalulekile);
• umumo siqu (maphakathi inqubo yemfundo kumele kube nje ingane, imizwa yakhe futhi izithakazelo);
• yokuzithandela (umsebenzi nezingane kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi base bafisa ukuba bathole ulwazi oluthile kanye namakghono);
• collectivity (e inqubo wokufundisa izingane kufanele uzilungiselele ukuphila emphakathini).

Izinhlobo ezinkulu imfundo

Okuqukethwe imfundo ungaboniswa ngezigaba zawo. Singasho bachazwa futhi ngalendlela:

• Ngokuhambisana into:
  • kwezomnotho (Amelelani ngemithetho eyisisekelo yakulelo ubudlelwane zezimali);
  • civil (ukufunda imithetho eziyisisekelo zokuphila emphakathini);
  • bokusungula (imithetho yokucabanga okunengqondo);
  • i international (ulwazi izici of isiko kanye nokuphila yezizwe ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlonipho nokubekezelana kibo);
  • zomthetho (izici eziyisisekelo umthetho);
  • ngokomoya nangokuziphatha (ukufunda nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, isimilo);
  • tebuciko (imfundo kuhilela ukugxilisa uthando lobuhle);
  • yokushisekela izwe (ukuthuthukiswa umuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo ukuba lokhokho).
• Ngokuhambisana okuqukethwe:
  • zabasebenzi (ukufunda amasu eziyisisekelo umsebenzi nokubika ulwazi mayelana ubuchwepheshe ezivamile);
  • ukuqeqeshwa engqondo (ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ukucabanga, ukunabisa HORIZONS zabo);
  • ngokomzimba (ukuthuthukiswa ukukhuthazela ukufunda izisekelo enempilo).
• Ngokuhambisana ifomu:
  • esikoleni;
  • umndeni;
  • confessional (yenkolo).
• umnakekeli Isihlobo:
  • yeningi (uthisha ihlonipha umbono abafundi);
  • khulula (akupheleli izenzo abafundi);
  • kobushiqela (kanzima imfundiso isitayela, bawuhloniphe ngohlelo).

Okuqukethwe kumigomo yemfundvo

Kumiswa ubuntu bengane kuthonywa othisha, abazali kanye nezinye izihloko. Okuqukethwe imfundo ungaboniswa izimiso zalo eziyisisekelo, afundeka kanje:

• I social orientation imfundo izindlela ukuthi izingane kudingeka ziqonde ukubaluleka umsebenzi womuntu ngokuphila nasemphakathini. Ingane kusukela zisencane kufanele bafunde ukuhlonipha umsebenzi zabanye abantu, kanye ukwenza Inombolo yezenzo bebodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwezenhlalo emfundweni kufanele yakhiwe ngaleyo ndlela njengoba ezinganeni ukungabekezelelani maqondana ngokungacabangi, ukungenzi lutho nezinye negative imihlola.
• Ngo inqubo ukuxhumana ne umnakekeli wengane kufanele kusekelwe imizwelo eyakhayo, kanye nezibonelo ngesisekelo okuyinto izingane ziye zasungula ngezici ezithile futhi izimfanelo. Lapha kubalulekile ukubonisa isithakazelo esizayo wengane, hhayi nje esisemthethweni yemfanelo ukuqaliswa.
• Humanization yemfundo, okokuqala kunakho konke, ngokuphathelene nobuntu nesihe uthisha kubafundi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlonipha umbono yezingane, ngisho noma kuyinto ephikisana owamukelwa. Esikhathini uhlelo lokuqeqesha umntwana angakwazi yini alulazeke noma ephoqelelwe ukwenza noma yini. Ukuze inqubo yemfundo kade ulokhu usebenza, kubalulekile ukwakha wobungane nginethemba.
• Siqu ukuqeqeshwa isimiso okungukuthi ukuthi uthisha kufanele bacabangele, maqondana nokuthuthukisa ngamunye izici ngamunye umfundi. Ngenxa yalesi okungukuthi Asizisoli wokufundwayo ezingeni lemfundo, ukuphila izimiso, kanye izintandokazi okuthandwa kwezingane.
• Isimiso ubunye amathonya zemfundo ukuthi umphakathi, umndeni, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo kufanele asebenze kwelinye direction, kunokuba kungqubuzane. Ngakho ezingeni ofanele kungasisiza inoculate isiko ingane kuphela umnakekeli ukuthi ine izici ezifanele.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eyinkimbinkimbi nalezi zimiso okuqukethwe wezemfundo. Basuke ngibopha futhi kufanele usetshenziswe ngokulinganayo inqubo yemfundo. Akubalulekile ukwaba izimiso ehlukile noma disparage kubo.

Okuqukethwe kanye nezindlela imfundo

Okwamanje, kukhona umkhuba othile, okuyinto ngenkuthalo olusetshenziswa ngothisha e inqubo ukusebenza nezingane. Ngakho, okuqukethwe kanye nezindlela imfundo kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi elandelayo:

• Okuhloswe ngaso ukwakheka ukwazi:
  • inkolelo ngokunemba abafundi esimweni esithile;
  • ngokomzwelo icala indaba esisiza izingane nibe namakhono kokuhlaziywa zokuziphatha izindinganiso zokuziphatha;
  • Ukuhunyushwa osebenza ezimweni lapho kudingeka ukuthonya lokhu lapho ingane umuntu othile noma iqembu;
  • ingxoxo ephathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha ngobumnene lilolonge ubuntu;
  • isiphakamiso unika izenzo nemicabango labafundi ukufakwa esithile;
  • imfundo kuhlanganisa incazelo eningiliziwe algorithm yesenzo kunoma isiphi isimo,;
  • siphikisana mncintiswano yokubukwa mayelana nodaba oluthile aphikisanayo;
  • ukubika-isethulo kolwazi unilaterally;
  • Ngokwesibonelo kuyasiza kwezinkambiso ngokucace kakhudlwana samanje yokuziphatha.
• Okuhloswe ngaso ukwakheka indlela yokuziphatha emphakathini:
  • umsebenzi - kuba ukuphindaphindwa yezenzo ezithile ukuze udale izinkolelo esimeme namakhono;
  • Isikole kunikeza ithuba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bagxilise umfundi noma enye imfanelo ngokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa okunzulu;
  • izidingo Pedagogical umbukiso kwakuwukuthi uthisha umfundi;
  • umsebenzi osiza ekuboneni ukuthi ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo e umfundi;
  • isimo sezemfundo wadala eyayenziwe enombono ukuchaza ngokucacile iyiphi imithetho.
• Okuhloswe ngaso ezishukumisa ingqondo:
  • mncintiswano kwenza umfundi isifiso ukugqama iqembu futhi ubonise imiphumela emihle kakhulu;
  • isikhuthazo kushukumisele impumelelo okwengeziwe;
  • Ziyisijeziso kufeza komkhawulo ethize kubangela ukwesaba ukwenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni.

Izinhloso kanye nezinhloso imfundo

Izinjongo kanye okuqukethwe wezemfundo - yisimo sokugcina futhi iqoqo izici kuhlelwa ukuze bagxilise ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa ehlelekile. Zingaba kokubili jikelele kanye ngabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi ungaba isisulu ethembisa, futhi zamanje ophansi. Bazimisele ngu othisha nabazali.

imisebenzi ethile abelwe ukuze kuzuzwe iminqopho. Okuqukethwe imfundo ngokuyisisekelo ayishintshi kanjani enemininingwane bakuphi. Ngokuvamile, zinhloso iyawakha ngokuhlukile kohlobo ngalunye. Ngakho, ngokwengqondo ukuqeqeshwa ke kuyoba nokwenziwa kolwazi, ukwakheka izinkumbulo kanye ukunwetshwa njalo ezinehuha. Ngokuphathelene imfundo ngokomzimba, lokhu kungase kube ukuthuthukiswa sokukhuthazela, impilo, kanye impumelelo in oluthile lomdlalo. Ngokuphathelene Izinjongo ezivamile kuchazwa ezingeni zomthetho, kuyafaneleka okulandelayo:

• imibono mayelana amakhono abo siqu futhi isikhundla emphakathini;
• ukuthuthukiswa obunobunye futhi olunzulu ubuntu;
• inkositini lwezindinganiso eziyisisekelo yokuziphatha, kwamukelwa kabanzi emphakathini;
• kumiswa isikhundla civil, okuyokwenza esikhathini esizayo ingane ukuba yilungu avamile omphakathi;
• zentuthuko nentshisakalo ukuxazulula zabasebenzi kanye nemisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela;
• kumiswa anhlobonhlobo zokuxhumana kanye namakhono okuxoxa.

isimiso semfundo

Okuqukethwe inqubo bokukhulisa umntwana kubonakala ohlelweni, okuyinto ihlanganiswe ngesisekelo lezi izigaba eziyinhloko:

• kumiswa isimo sengqondo senhlonipho futhi ukuhlakanipha nemvelo yonke zako;
• isithombe mazombe seragelo Imibono ka nenkambiso yamasiko sisebenza kuleli umphakathi;
• bakha ukuzwisisa ukuthi ukuphila kwabantu kungokwalabo esigabeni ka aphakeme;
• eziyisisekelo ukuqonda social isakhiwo;
• kumiswa imibono mayelana nendlela yawo yokuphila, okuyinto ukuhola ilungu ehloniphekile emphakathini;
• Amalungiselelo okhethweni siqu ukuphila endleleni yabo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le migomo ziyawabopha. Kulokhu, extra amaphuzu angafakwa.

imfundo ingane ngesikhathi isencane

Okuqukethwe imfundo esikoleni kuhlanganisa amaphuzu amabili ayinhloko. Into yokuqala ingane izimfanelo ezithile kumelwe umuntu azinqumele athuthukile. Futhi, kukhona belungiselela esikoleni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo ingathatha indawo izikhungo ekhethekile zemfundo, kanye ekhaya.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-izinkulisa okuqukethwe wezemfundo zasenkulisa esokuba elawulwayo ihambisana kwezilinganiso ezivunyelwe. Uma sikhuluma isikole ekhaya, lapho abazali ungagwema amaphutha amaningi. Ngakho, kunoma yiliphi icala, musa ukukhansela 'nesikhathi sokuthula' ntambama. Ingane kumele nakanjani ukuphumula umthwalo. Akwamukeleki nalapho kufaka ukuba balingise umbuso esikoleni izingcingo, wafunda kanye nezinguquko. Akubalulekile ukubandakanya umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi ku "omdala" ukuphila, sizama ukufunda ehlelweni ke ikilasi lokuqala noma lesibili.

imfundo Oku-yesikole isekelwe yile migomo elandelayo:

• ubuntu kumiswa kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukuvivinya;
• izimfuneko ingane akufanele kudlule nokumhlonipha;
• ngokuqinile inqubo Pedagogical kufanele njalo ibe yindawo bobuchule isinyathelo zezingane;
• okuqukethwe, esebenzisa imfundo kumele ukuwugcina ngokuphelele, okuyinto hhayi kuphela ubudala wengane, kodwa futhi amakhono ayo futhi ezingeni yentuthuko.

yobudala Preschool ubhekwa kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuya ku-7. Lena inkathi kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kubalulekile, lapho ingane kufanele uzilungiselele umbuso esiqinile futhi bezibona lemiqulu emikhulu ulwazi.

Izici of Sekutivocavoca

Okuqukethwe imfundo ngokomzimba kuyinqubo nemfundiso kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono imisebenzi ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kanye kumiswa tinhlobo letehlukene amakhono. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi simo Kuvezwe nasezigabeni zokuqala yomlando, futhi njalo ngcono. Lokhu kuthambekela ayikwazi phansi, ngoba ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa zobuntu.

Phakathi nenkathi yalokho imfundo okuqukethwe wezemfundo ngokomzimba kuyehla kube amalungiselelo elandelayo:

• kumiswa motor amakhono namakhono;
• impilakahle kanye nokugcinwa nokuthuthukiswa evamile ezingokomzimba okuhambisanayo yobudala nemingcele;
• ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi abafundi ifilosofi ngendlela enempilo;
• kumiswa isithakazelo ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, kanye nentshisekelo imidlalo ethile.

Izici semfundo Zokuziphatha

Okuqukethwe imfundo zokuziphatha igxile umthelela, okuhloswe ngalo ukwakha iqoqo wengane ezithile imizwa zokuziphatha futhi ngenxa yobuhle, futhi amakhono ukuziphatha ngokuvamile bamukeleke umphakathi. It landela ezithile Izinjongo, eyisikhulu phakathi okuyizinto:

• kumiswa ukwazi, elihambisana kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha;
• imfundo ezifanele imiva;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono yokuziphatha kuhambisana imiqondo zokuziphatha futhi izimiso zokuhle.

Izindlela lolu hlobo imfundo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• ukwakha nonembeza (kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izindaba, izinkulumo, iziphakamiso, izincazelo, izibonelo, kanye nokunye);
• ukwakha experiment kokuziphatha (kungenzeka umzimba esetshenziswa, sekusetshenziswa, futhi izimfundiso othisha);
• ivuselele ukuthuthukiswa eminye (ingatholakala imivuzo kanye izijeziso, kanye ukudalwa kwezimiso mncintiswano).

Ngo inqubo imfundo zokuziphatha lekumele azuzwe izinhloso elandelayo:

• ukuqonda isidingo ukugcinwa nezimiso zokuziphatha okuhle yonke imikhakha yempilo;
• ukuzwa unembeza isizukulwane;
• zishukumisa esinye isenzakalo zokuziphatha kanye self-ngcono;
• Ukumelana nokuzabalazela imihlola zokuziphatha okubi, ukulahlwa kwabo umphakathi;
• ukubekezelelana kanye nozwelo aphatha ngayo abanye.

okutholakele

Okuqukethwe imfundo yengane luyinhlanganisela izinhlobo nezindlela zazo zihlose kumiswa ubuntu. Umgomo wayo kumelwe abe ngokoqobo, ngoba awukwazi ukwenza okungcono kunalokho Okwamanje uvumela amakhono bokuphila nangokwengqondo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi imfundo - kuyinqubo ezimbili ngendlela, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ngokubambisana ne ingane, hhayi isenzo kobushiqela. njalo kumele kube yindawo lokuzibusa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo imfundo njalo acabangele imizwa nezithakazelo ingane. Kufanele kube khona indawo ukuphoqwa. Kungcono uma inqubo imfundo umntwana kuyoba eqenjini.

Ezemfundo uhlukaniswe ngeengaba eziningana. Ngakho, ngokuhambisana into, kungaba kwezomnotho, yengqondo ebhaliwe, civil, zomthetho, international, yokushisekela izwe nokunye. Ngamagama yokuqukethwe kungaba khona umsebenzi, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Uma sikhuluma ifomu - esikoleni, zenkolo nezomkhaya. Njengoba for isitayela imisebenzi uthisha, imfundo kungaba mahhala, yeningi noma kobushiqela.

Ngo inqubo yemfundo abanamathela eziningi izimiso. Okokuqala kufanele kube isici yezenhlalakahle ukuba neminyaka yokuqala ingane ukugxilisa kuvisisa ukubaluleka zomsebenzi emphakathini. kuwufanele Njalo ukwakhela izibonelo ezinhle nemizwelo, kanye ukuxhumana ingane njengoba ubuntu agcwele, bembonisa inhlonipho ephelele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke izingane kufanele izici ngamunye kufanele nakanjani kucatshangelwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi inqubo nendlela abakhule ngayo ekhaya, umphakathi kanye nezikole kufanele ibe isiqondiso iyunifomu.

Izinhloso nezinjongo ukuqeqeshwa ilungiselelwe ngamunye, kuye ngokuthi isimo. Noma kunjalo, kukhona uhlu olwamukelwa, owawuthi izinqubo zemfundo zakhiwa. Ngakho, umntwana kufanele uthole umbono ocacile isakhiwo somphakathi kanye nendima yabo ke. Okuvumelanayo futhi wonke-round ukuthuthukiswa kumele kuqinisekiswe. Izingane kufanele abe nomqondo eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha kuhambisana nemigomo, kanye akha esicacile nezomphakathi. Kufanele ukuthuthukisa umqondo wengane isithakazelo ekuxazululeni izinkinga collective ukuthuthukisa ikhono elihle lokukhulumisana nabanye.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele inikwe imfundo pre-school, kakhulukazi uma ngabe kwenziwe ekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, abazali ngokuvamile benza iphutha ezama ukufundisa ingane umbuso esiqinile esikoleni noma uzama ukuwasebenzisa kahle kwakuhilela nge uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisafunda amabanga aphansi. Kubalulekile ukunikeza asinakekele ngokwanele ukuthuthukiswa engokomzimba, engokwengqondo zokuziphatha ngokuhambisana izici nenkathi ethile yobudala.