Non-kwelashwa futhi kwelashwa analgesics: mshini wezenzo futhi isicelo

Analgesics - lokhu kusho ukuthi buthaka noma ususe lokujabulela ubuhlungu ngenkathi sigcina ukwazi kanye nezinye izinhlobo ebucayi. ubuhlungu Physiologically kwenzeka ngenxa excitation kangaka okuthiwa nociceptors, okuyinto yenziwe yaba yasendaweni esikhumbeni, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila nemisipha serous, futhi ukushuba kwezitho ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo. Zobuhlungu kuthiwa ezazivuswa amakhemikhali ngokomzimba (mechanical, ezishisayo, ugesi, njll) kanye exogenous (acid, lezisekelo zalo, esindayo zensimbi, phenol, njll) kanye izici endogenous amaprotheni nemvelo (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin).

Ngakho, ubuhlungu indlela bokuphila ukubonakaliswa subjective of Ukungadli emzimbeni, ngakho-ke, kuyinto zokuzivikela. Kodwa ubuhlungu obungachazeki ababhekana sinamandla kakhulu futhi oluhlala isikhathi eside sokugembula, njengoba depletes umzimba, ukugxambukela umsebenzi izitho ezibalulekile futhi kungaholela kube ngisho nasekufeni ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi. Kule ndlela yokubuka izinto, analgesics iqembu ongowenani elikhulu esisebenzayo, futhi ngokomlando kuyimpumelelo ebalulekile lesintu.

Nciphisa noma ukumisa ubuhlungu kungaba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi olukhulu - ukususa imbangela, okuyinto, ngeshwa, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba kukhona abakwazi ngokushesha ukukhomba ke njalo. Ngakho ngokuvamile it has ukuba ngidambise okwesikhashana ubuhlungu usebenzisa imithi amaqembu ahlukahlukene kwemithi. Ngenxa yale njongo ongasisebenzisa izidakamizwa, imithi ebulala izinzwa wendawo, cholinolytic, spasmolytics, anticonvulsants, astringents, izindlela esigubuzele.

Ubunjalo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, umsuka namakhemikhali ubunjalo analgesics zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: kwelashwa futhi okungezona kwezidakamizwa.

analgesics iNarcotic - kuyinto opium nezidakamizwa ukuthi nomphumela ofanayo. Basuke izimpawu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umphumela eyinqaba ku isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Abonise umphumela analgesic, ikakhulukazi amacala non ukuvuvukala (lapho ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu, izimila abulalayo). Opioids imbangela okuphindaphindiwe ekuphathweni in iziguli kwencika ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu anda ubuhlungu embundwini ukuzwela. odokotela okunjalo linqume analgesics ukubhekana nobuhlungu obukhulu khona ukusha, ukulimala, njll Futhi, le mithi kuyabekwa iziguli unresectable neoplasms ebulalayo. analgesics iNarcotic lula isimo ngokwengqondo isiguli. Le mithi akufanele isetshenziswe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu noma amane, kungenjalo kukhona umlutha, futhi abantu babe imilutha.

analgesics iNarcotic (opium) iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-30 alkaloids kanye nezinye izinto, okuhlanganisa ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, lipids, isikhwehlela, nosawoti wamaminerali, njll I-opium nayo kuqukethe morphine (u-12%), narcotine (10%), Codeine (3-5%) kanye papeverina (1%).

analgesics iNarcotic: izidakamizwa ethandwa kakhulu

Phakathi umphumela kwezidakamizwa kusho ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi hydrochloride morphine, Codeine phosphate, opium akhiphe ezomile, hydrochloride ethylmorphine (dionin), tincture opium elula, promedol, omnopon et al.

analgesics Non-kwezidakamizwa - kukhona izimali abonise analgesic, futhi antipyretic umphumela antivovospalitelnoe. Ngokungafani izidakamizwa, banciphisa noma udambise izinhlungu ezihambisana izinqubo ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, amathambo, imisipha nezinye izicubu (neuralgia, kwemisipha ne articular BLI, rheumatism, izilonda zamazinyo, njll). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngesisekelo analgesia kumphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, analgesics non-kwezidakamizwa musa abangele umphumela okuyiluthayo nesasasa, musa ukucindezela ukukhwehlela, kanye nezikhungo zokuphefumula.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu esisebenzayo yisona umphumela antipyretic ka analgesics non-kwezidakamizwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwanda izinga lokushisa lomzimba yezifo ngenxa isenzo izidakamizwa pyrogenic (imikhiqizo ka amaprotheni hydrolysates, amino acid, acid nucleic, ubuthi microbial, njll) ku interoreceptors adlulisa excitation enkabeni thermoregulatory. Ejabule thermoregulation isikhungo, ukushintsha ukushuba ukukhiqizwa ukushisa nokudlulisa ukushisa izinqubo, ikhuthaza umzimba komzimba ine ebalulekile zokuzivikela. Nokho, kwezinye izimo komzimba kungase bafinyelele ezingeni esiyingozi ngenxa yokuphila umzimba futhi evikela uhlamvu wakhe liphenduka sokugembula. Ezimweni ezinjalo kuhle ukusebenzisa antipyretics.

analgesics Non-kwezidakamizwa: ngezigaba

Uma ucabangela isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali izidakamizwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana: amagama ahlobene of salicylic acid (methyl salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid noma aspirin), pyrazolone (analgin, Phenylbutazone, phenazone), para-aminophenol (acetaminophen), indole acid acetic (indomethacin), propionic acid (naproxen, ketoprofen), acid anthranilic (mefenamic acid flufenamic) pirrolizinkarboksilovoy acid (ketorolac).

Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye ukuhlinzeka elinye iqembu amaphilisi ezinhlungu - analgesics non-steroidal. Izindlela ethandwa kakhulu kuleli qembu: piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin. indlela izenzo zaso kuhilela ekuvimbeni synthesis enzyme - cyclooxygenase. Lokhu enzyme Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-prostaglandins - balamuli enkulu ubuhlungu futhi ukusabela ukuvuvukala. Lesi sabelomali, siphinde zalezi zimali ukuvimba bradykinin, okuyinto ohilelekile nesenzakalo nokusatshalaliswa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.