Izidakamizwa Neuroprotective - kuyini? Nootropics. Amalungiselelo isinyathelo nootropic

Nootropics - Kuyini lokhu imithi? Impendulo umbuzo oyithola sihloko ukuzithoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda umlando imvelaphi yabo, izimiso wokusebenza, izakhiwo, izinkomba kanye nemiphumela isicelo.

Uhlolojikelele

izidakamizwa Neuroprotective - kuyini? Le mithi ngcono ekusebenzeni kobuchopho, rejuvenate umzimba futhi baphile isikhathi eside. It evuselela neyrometabolicheskie ukuthi kube nomthelela Iqalisa ngomhlaka yokufunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwengqondo kanye inkumbulo. Igama elithi "nootropic" yakhiwa amagama amabili ngesiGreki νους futhi τροπή, okusho "ingqondo" futhi "ushintsho", ngokulandelana.

incazelo

isinyathelo nootropic izidakamizwa ungenalo ekilasini e ngezigaba zotshwala. Yingakho baye kuhlangene evuselela futhi babephathwa eqenjini pharmacotherapeutic nekhodi ATH ezilandelayo: N06VH.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Ngo-1963, i-pharmacologists Belgian futhi S. V Skondia Giurgea kwemiqondo izidakamizwa kuqala kusukela iqembu emelelwa - "Pyracetam". Namhlanje izidakamizwa nootropic eyaziwa iziguli kakhulu ngokuthi "Nootropil". Njengetshe psychostimulant phakathi nekhulu lama-20, sithuthukisa engqondo umthamo yomuntu , futhi ngenxa yalokho ayinayo imiphumela eseceleni.

Ngo-1972, omunye wabasunguli be-nomuthi siphakamisiwe igama elithi "nootropic" ubhekisele iqembu izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa inkumbulo bokusungula, ukufunda nokunakwa, kanye nomthelela ezingaba transcallosal ifa umsebenzi antihypoxic futhi musa kunethonya nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni.

Ngokungafani psychostimulants eyaziwa futhi nootropics sikhuthaze ezinzwa, okuyinto kuholela okwengeziwe ekwandeni umsebenzi wabo, okuyinto ambalwa kunokuba qualitative. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isenzo iningi lemithi kungukuthi wabonakaliswa emva komthamo wokuqala kanye nokwelashwa eside.

nootropics yakamuva

Okwamanje, ezingaphezu kuka-10 yokuqala nootropics kwemiqondo pyrrolidine chungechunge, okuyizinto isigaba 3 zokwelapha, noma ziye bhalisiwe kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwemithi enjalo bungabonakala "oxiracetam", "nefiracetam", "Etiratsetam", "Aniracetam", "Rolziratsetam", "Izatsetam", "pramiracetam", "Tsebratsetam", "Dupratsetam", "Detiratsetam" et al. Nemithi Kwethulwa babe Igama ovamile "racetam".

Ngaphandle bonke abanye, futhi kuhlelwe umqondo nezinye nootropics umndeni kuhlanganise GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic futhi uhlelo peptidergic. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isithako esebenzayo nootropic elikhona nezinye ukuthaka imithi okuyinto abe ehlukene umsuka zamakhemikhali.

Umgomo we operation

Nootropics - onjani izidakamizwa, futhi zona esimisiwe? Ngesisekelo isenzo oqabulayo nemithi ezinjalo sitholakala izindlela eziningana:

• isebenze izinqubo epulasitiki isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ngenxa protein ne-RNA zamagama owandiswayo;
• Ukuthuthukiswa wombuso amandla sezinzwa, olubonakaliswa ukuthuthukisa zamagama ATP kanye nemiphumela antihypoxic kanye antioxidant;
• ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa glucose;
• beqinisa izinqubo yokudlulisela izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho e isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
• ulwelwesi eliletha ukuthula imiphumela.

Izici izidakamizwa

Izinqubo eyinhloko izidakamizwa ezifana kubhekwe ukuba nemiphumela yabo ngqo ku izinqubo umzimba futhi bioenergetics e ezinzwa, kanye nokuxhumana ne izinhlelo yobuchopho (ngokuyinhloko neurotransmitter).

Sekuyisikhathi eside kungase kutholakale ukuthi nootropics bayakwazi ukwenza kusebenze adenylate cyclase futhi ukwandisa lokuhlushwa yayo kule namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga aphakeme AMP eyindilinga kuholela ngokusebenzisa ushintsho yokucucuza ka Ca2 intracellular + ion futhi K + ukukhululwa ngokushesha neurotransmitter namangqamuzana ezinzwa sezinzwa.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isebenze adenylate cyclase uyakwazi nokugcina ukuzinza ukukhiqizwa ATP kumaseli ngaphandle oksijini, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo hypoxia ukuhumusha ingqondo umzimba imodi agcinwe.

izidakamizwa Neuroprotective asebekhulile nabantwana kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amakghonwabo nabanengqondo ukuthuthukiswa ukubambezeleka yokutakula. Abakhi abagqugquzeli abanjalo abathi ukuthi imithi yabo ngcono umzimba acid nucleic, kusebenze zamagama amaprotheni of ATP futhi RNA kuthiwa zingene kahle Bbb kodwa futhi ukwandisa izinga ukusetshenziswa glucose.

izakhiwo nootoropov

Umthelela izinhlobo eziningi zezidakamizwa nootropic ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa waba umlamuleli ngokusebenzisa ubuchopho neurotransmitter uhlelo (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

Ngokusho abakhiqizi, nootropics ngayo ezinye izinhlobo imiphumela eminingi, kuhlanganise:

• antioxidant;
• ulwelwesi eliletha ukuthula;
• neuroprotection;
• anti-hypoxic.

Okunye izidakamizwa kungenzeka

Nootropics ukuncoma ukusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa ngakho kuphela ngcono umsebenzi bioelectrical nomsebenzi Integrative zobuchopho, ukuthi kuziveza ngokuthi iphethini isici izinguquko electrophysiological (ukwanda abashe ezingeni sihlale siphapheme, kanye isiqongo evelele, ndima eziyize kolwazi phakathi ama- zobuchopho, ngcono isihlobo kanye ngokuphelele Bheka spectrum amandla hippocampus futhi cortex).

Ngokwenza ngcono isilawuli cortico-subcortical, ngcono kolwazi lokushintshisana eningi ebuchosheni, i nomthelela omuhle ukwenza amakhophi kanye nokukhokhela ukwakheka trace inkumbulo, singakwazi ngokuphepha bathi le mithi kuholele anda ukufunda ikhono, inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ukunakwa, bezibona, futhi ukusebenza kwawo imisebenzi bokusungula .

Eqinisweni, abakhiqizi abaningi bathi le amathuluzi kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono futhi ukusheshisa kwengcondvo (noma engqondweni yethu) umsebenzi. Nokho, lezi zinsolo ziye alikaqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi.

imiphumela

Ngokwe-abakhiqizi, izidakamizwa nootropic sigqoke okubangelwa abantu kokulandelayo:

1. Mnemotropnoe (kuthinte ukufunda inkumbulo).
2. Nootropic (kuthinte izinga lamathuba ezibucayi nezahlulelo, kanye ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi cortical, ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa cortical womsebenzi subcortical, ukunakwa, ukucabanga kanye nenkulumo).
3. Adaptogenic (kuthinte ukubekezelelana kuya ezicini eziningana, kuhlanganise imithi, ukwandisa ukumelana jikelele umzimba izici kakhulu).
4. Khulisa ukucaciseleka ezingeni ukwazi, uphapheme (umthelela wesimo ukwazi kwabacindezelwe futhi mnyama).
5. Psychostimulant (kuthinte inertia engqondo, izisusa hypobulia ubumpofu, ukunganakwa, aspontannost futhi lengqondo retardation).
6. Antiasthenic (nomthelela ukukhathala, ukucobeka, ubuthakathaka, izenzakalo yokukhathala ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo).
7. Sedation (encishisiwe ukucasuka futhi excitability ngokomzwelo).
8. Antidepressant.
9. Antikineticheskoe.
10. Vegetative (kuthinte isiyezi, ubuhlungu bekhanda futhi tserebrastenicheskom syndrome).
11. Antiepileptic (paroxysmal ithonya kokuquleka umsebenzi).
12. Antiparkinsonian.
13. Amandla.
14. Somatotropinostimuliruyuschee (ama-hormone okukhula ukukhululwa kwenzeka).
15. Hypoglycemic (ukunciphisa okuhlushwa glucose in plasma).
16. Lipolytic (ngaphansi glucose komkhawulo amandla avunyelwe ngesimo ama-fatty acid).
17. Antitoxic (unekhemikhali udoti kanye iwukudambisa ahlukahlukene izinto eziyingozi).
18. Steroid.
19. Immunostimulant.

Kuyinto eliphumelelayo unhlangothi lokuvikela nootropic izidakamizwa?

Hlobo luni izidakamizwa, siye waqonda. Kodwa lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo omusha mayelana banjani ekwelapheni kanye nokuvimbela unhlangothi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mkhuba ubuzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa nootropics ngokumelene kwezinso anjalo ayengasetshenziswa waqinisekisa imithi okuncike ebufakazini.

isicelo emitholampilo

Ngaphambi sichaza ukuthi yini asetshenziswa izimali kwezokwelapha esemthethweni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izidakamizwa nootropic ngaphandle nemiyalelo odokotela abasebenza ngaphakathi esibhedlela babekhipha Pharmacy. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi basonta iqembu elifanayo ezithaka imithi njengoba evuselela amandla amasha.

Ekuqaleni eyethulwe Eminye yemithi esetshenziswayo ukwelapha izifo umsebenzi zobuchopho kubantu abadala ne organic ubuchopho syndrome. Nakuba kule minyaka embalwa edlule (ngokuvamile emazweni yezwe yesithathu) Baye baba asetshenziswa kabanzi ngempela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene imithi, kuhlanganise nokuhlinzwa, Pediatrics, wezifo zengqondo, Neurology, Umlutha, kanye umkhuba azoya futhi izintothololo.

Ngakho, nootropics ezisetshenziswa odokotela ku:

• nesifo esingamahlalakhona cerebrovascular;
• ukudakwa;
• neurosis futhi Neurotic iziyaluyalu;
• Dementia Lokudabuka ezahlukene (senile, imithambo yegazi kanye Alzheimer);
• psihorganicheskom syndrome;
• Kwenhlekelele okulimala ebuchosheni;
• dystonia vegetative-semithambo;
• iziyaluyalu cerebral kwegazi;
• bokusungula-engqondo iziyaluyalu (kahle okuhlushwa, inkumbulo futhi ukucabanga);
• ukuluthwa utshwala okungamahlalakhona (psychoorganic syndrome, encephalopathy, ukuhoxiswa);
• futhi bacindezeleke, asthenic-bacindezeleke futhi asthenic syndrome;
• CNS;
• ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi ngokwengqondo.

Izinkomba izingane

Emazweni asathuthuka, izimali anikeziwe ezivamile ikakhulukazi Pediatrics. Ngakho, izidakamizwa izingane nootropic engabelwe kona:

• retardation sengqondo;
• imisiwe inkulumo nentuthuko ngokwengqondo;
• cerebral palsy;
• imithelela perinatal CNS izilonda;
• ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo.

Okunye izinkomba ukusetshenziswa

Kuhle izidakamizwa neuroprotective - lena kwezidakamizwa kunomphumela evelele zokwelapha futhi akuphazamisi omubi emzimbeni womuntu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amakhambi enjalo ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa:

• Namalimi ( "Pantogam", "Phenibutum");
• ukulungiswa syndrome neuroleptic ( "hopantenic acid", "Pyritinol", "deanol atseglumat", "Pantogam");
• hyperkinesis ( "hopantenic acid", "Phenibutum", "Memantine");
• dysuria ( "Pantogam", "nicotinoyl-Gaba");
• iziyaluyalu ubuthongo ( "Phenibut", "calcium-gamma-hydroxybutyrate," "Glycine");
• migraine ( "Pyritinol", "nicotinoyl-Gaba", "Semaks");
• isiyezi ( "ginkgo biloba", "Phenibutum", "Pyracetam");
• nokuvimbela isicanucanu ( "Gaba", "Phenibut").

By endleleni, ngo umkhuba amehlo, lezo zimali zisetshenziselwa njengengxenye ukwelashwa ovulelekile-engela ukufiphala izifo semithambo retina kanye macula ( "nicotinoyl-Gaba"), kanye ezihlobene nokukhula ukonakala macular futhi retinopathy sikashukela ( "ginkgo biloba").

nootropics yemvelo

Ngaphezu imithi, ngoba umphumela zokwelapha ngokuvamile baqashwe izidakamizwa yemvelo ne izakhiwo efanayo. Yiqiniso, nootropics zemvelo akuzona njengoba ngempumelelo njengoba ejenti kwemithi, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa ukusetshenziswa, iziguli ziqala ukuqaphela ngcono umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, njalo njalo.