Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele: ababhishobhi, imibhoshongo, umlando

Nizhny Novgorod - umuzi ocebile cishe engamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene emlandweni. Sise confluence eVolga kanye Oka, ubelokhu ekhona omunye kwamasiko, izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho kanye zokuthutha eRussia. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, edolobheni wakhonza njengephayona inqaba isimo, sokuvikela izwe ezitheni zangaphandle. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela yokuthi manje Nizhny Novgorod egcwele izinto ezithakazelisayo kanye nezindawo emnandi. Omunye wabo enqabeni abadumile lasendulo.

indaba

Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele waqala yakhiwe ngo-1500, ekugcineni elalizokwakhiwa e isakhiwo 1515 udonga-ikhilomitha ezimbili, okuyinto sasekelwa nantathu imibhoshongo. Omunye wabo - Zachatskaya - akuzange ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele, nayo ngokuthi umuzi itshe, kwadingeka khona isikaniso samabutho unomphela, kanye umxhwele wezikhali izikhali. IVolga nesiphephelo wadala Muscovy njengoba main reference iphuzu, eklanyelwe ukumelana Kazan Khanate. Ratna inkonzo yakhe Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele samelana ukuhlasela eminingi futhi kokuvinjezelwa.

Ikhasi lokugcina amarekhodi ukulwa we iVolga inqaba ayebhalwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-inkathi kokungenela angaphandle kanye sezakhiwo esikhulu Nizhny Novgorod abezempi, eyayiholwa Kuzma Minin futhi Dmitry Pozharsky.

incazelo

Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele kuyinto izakhiwo ukuzivikela ephakathi. Itholakala ngokwengxenye esiqongweni flat we Zonke Intaba futhi amagquma ayo (enyakatho ntshonalanga).

Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele (isithombe ungabona ngezansi) itholakala ku-indawo 22,7 amahektha. Okubizwa ngokuthi idolobha itshe has a usayizi kunalokho umxhwele. ipherimitha Its 2045 amamitha. Kungafinyeleleki esikhathini esidlule ngoba isitha izindonga abe ukuphakama kwamamitha nambili nanhlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kunjalo futhi ubanzi kakhulu.

I ukushuba kwezindonga kunesitha emithathu nengxenye ukuba amamitha amane nesigamu. Along azungezwe yamadolobha itshe ezakhiwa imibhoshongo ukuzivikela. Bangaki imibhoshongo Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele? Ekuqaleni, lapho babe yishumi nantathu. Okwamanje nambili ngasinda. Amagama I-kwemibhoshongo ababekhethiwe ngokusho ukusetshenziswa yabo futhi uya khona, noma ngegama zezakhiwo eseduze.

Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele (Nizhny Novgorod) sesisekelo kwadingeka insimu yalo ababhishobhi, okuyinto umuzi omkhulu. Phakathi kwabo Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli, kanye isimo oNgcwele. Leli "dolobha itshe" kukhona amasonto amaningana esonto. Kukhona izigodlo Episcopal futhi Omkhulu, kanye zezindela eziningana.

Indawo imibhoshongo ukuzivikela

Uma uzijwayeze uhlelo yochungechunge ezivikelweni, uzobona ukuthi i-ipholigoni okungajwayelekile sise amakhona kwemibhoshongo. Sinenkosi okuthile endulo, futhi wadlala indima imibhoshongo ukuzivikela. Isikimu we Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele lisisiza ukuba sazi amagama kwemibhoshongo. Uma kubhekwa ohlangothini ngokwewashi, owokuqala babo - uDemetriyu (Dmitrov). Lona umbhoshongo main. Mina wawuqamba yokudumisa omkhulu Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich of Nizhny Novgorod, owabusa ngekhulu le-14.

Enye Isikimi umbhoshongo elinegama Storage. It wasetshenziselwa njengendawo yokugcina. umnyango Eceleni manje-ezingasasebenzi isonto Posad Nikolskaya Nikolskaya Tower lakhiwa.

umbhoshongo Landelayo - rocker - Lisinikeza idayagramu esinelebuli Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Umlando waleli isakhiwo iyalandisa mayelana kusolwa wangcwatshwa kule ndawo edume intokazi ijoka. Owesihlanu umbhoshongo - Taynitskaya. Igama umbhoshongo kwakubangelwa elise-ke vesi imfihlo okuholela Pochaye emfuleni. Umbhoshongo esisenyakatho-Eliya.

Itholakala eduze Church ka-Eliya, nomProfethi,. Nokho lokhu umbhoshongo libizwa nangendawo yezwe - North. Zonke phezu kombhoshongo ngekhulu le-16. Sizibekele iwashi.

Ivanovo umbhoshongo eceleni esontweni manje zonakale Ioanna Predtechi. White owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi umbhoshongo ukuzivikela ngenxa itshe ambozwe salo esimhlophe, okuyinto uzungezwe olungaphambili lwesonto yangaphandle ngaphansi. umbhoshongo St George kwakwakhiwe eduze esontweni manje-ezingasasebenzi St George, futhi esikhathini Powder egcinwe powder kanye ezihlukahlukene nezinhlamvu.

Inhloso Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele

Ngemuva kokuwa Kazan, layo ukubaluleka lempi iVolga inqaba elahlekile. Kamuva laba isizinda sokuqondisa endaweni enkulu. insimu yalo ngesikhathi sase eqhugwaneni. Laliqhele ku vicegeral itshe idolobha kanye noHulumeni wesiFundazwe.

Namuhla Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele - isikhungo kwamasiko kanye nezokuphatha edolobheni. On insimu yalo zitholakala isakhiwo yezokuphatha yesifunda nedolobha, kanye omele uMengameli Russian ku iVolga Federal District. Izivakashi of izinqaba wangaphambili inikeza izinkambo kuya Art Museum kanye Museum of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. It esisogwini Insimu lasendulo itshe kanye Center for Contemporary Art.

uDemetrius umbhoshongo

Main ukuzivikela Nizhegorodsky ezibiyele umbhoshongo elalizokwakhiwa e central ingxenye upland. Ingaphambili layo ubhekene engxenyeni ongaphambili omise kwesikwele, ogama lakhe behlonipha Minin futhi Pozharsky.

UDemetrius embhoshongweni Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele kusukela ukwakhiwa yayo abadlale indima isango layo elikhulu enqabeni. Wayenolwazi futhi ihabhu eyinhloko yonke upland endaweni ukuzivikela. Iqhaza ehola kuqinisekiswa umbhoshongo kanye nokuhlela idolobha radially-eyindilinga. Iqiniso liwukuthi, lisuke emnyango kuya embhoshongweni ngaphandle Dmitrievskaya akhipha ezitaladini. Phakathi kwabo Ulyanov, Alekseevskaya iqaba kanye intercession Omkhulu.

Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele, umlando okuyinto equkethwe encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo, waqala ukuphila kwawo ncamashi ukwakhiwa lombhoshongo. Lokhu ukuqinisekisile ngasinda imithombo documentary.

Ekhulwini le-17. UDemetrius umbhoshongo kwadingeka yezikhali abalulekile. Ngokuya iinomboro, kunamandla ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye imibhoshongo ukuzivikela. imishini Combat yayikhona kuze 1705 kamuva ngasekupheleni 18th - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka 19. UDemetrius umbhoshongo wakhonza njengephayona indawo ye nokubekwa esikoleni Garrison. It ke kwaku zomlando yesifundazwe, futhi kusukela 1896 kuya ku-1919 - emnyuziyamu ngobuciko-zomlando ziphephile. Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet embhoshongweni isikhathi eside zokusebenza isitshalo esithela kwenkundla ukuze ballet, yaseshashalazini kanye opera.

Ngo-1965 kwaba khona isenzakalo esibalulekile. Ngezinye ukufulela Spire wamiswa eyayibhalwe idolobha isibonakaliso obonisa ukuhamba inyamazane.

ithala umbhoshongo

Ekuqaleni iCongress Zelensky lingumbhoshongo esiyindilinga Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Le ndlela bayibiza ngokuthi i-ithala. Ngaphambili, lalisetshenziswa njengendawo isikhala isitoreji. Emakhulwini eminyaka 17-18. Tower ngokuthi u-Alexis, njengokuba ibandla eliseduze.

Okwamanje, Rig isakhiwo ezine-tiered. Ngo zako komhlaba ephansi okuyingxenye elise, lapho kukhona wegumbi eliseceleni bempi embrasures. I umsebenzi wokuvuselela, eyaqala ngo-1953, wavumela bayobuyiselwa ongaphambili omise isandiso Spence umbhoshongo. Lesi sakhiwo, elalizokwakhiwa e ekhulwini le-19., Okuhloswe ukudala air kwegazi e amakamelo tier aphansi, lapho uwoyela Ukushisa agcinwe, asetshenziselwa ikhanyisa emigwaqweni yakuleli dolobha.

Esikhathini yesibili uqimba umbhoshongo zifana ohlangothini izindonga ekamelweni. Izinga lesithathu - "endlini zamatshe" ngaphandle agqagqene. Isihlanganisi wesine ezungeze chassis umbhoshongo. udonga lakhe - uthango zempi.

Nikolskaya umbhoshongo

Ngemva Spence isikimu zasemoyeni Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele Nikolskaya elise. Igama layo sathathwa avela eSontweni eziseduze St Nicholas the Wonderworker.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lokhu umbhoshongo wadlala indima ngokwesekala iyunithi ukuvikela ukubaluleka. On ukubaluleka yena udliwe uDemetriyu Tower. Okwamanje, ngosizo nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva abuyiselwe ukubukeka yokuqala izakhiwo kusuka esangweni komgwaqo.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka angu 17-19th. umbhoshongo yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo agcine, kakhulu ekushintsheni layout zayo zangaphakathi. imisebenzi yokuvuselela Kwakuseshwa eminyakeni 1959-62., Hhayi kuphela amakamelo angaphakathi zakhiwa kabusha. I olungaphambili lwesonto umbhoshongo ezivelele ezingamaGreki nazo zamukela ukubukeka yayo yasekuqaleni zomlando. Esikhathini esifanayo, umbhoshongo lavuselelwa itende ophahleni emise ne sibhekile umbhoshongo.

rocker umbhoshongo

Esikhathini uchungechunge izindonga ngokufanele ku ingxenye upland kuyinto yomumo round umbhoshongo egqoke igama eyinqaba. Umlando igama rocker umbhoshongo ehlangene zinganekwane ezimbili ezihlukene, owesifazane kuthiwa wangcwatshwa kule ndawo. Ngokusho kwenye incwadi, sabulala izindonga ukuze udlulisele amandla, njengoba kudingwa abakukholelwayo. Le nganekwane yesibili usitshela abesifazane isibindi owabulala ijoka lawo abahlaseli eziningana futhi wangcwatshwa eduze umbhoshongo.

Isici esiphawulekayo umbhoshongo rocker itshe ambozwe salo esimhlophe. Emakhulwini eminyaka 18-19. embhoshongweni behlaliswe ingobo yomlando futhi kusukela 1886 emafektri ahlukahlukene ezakhiwa kulo.

Taynitskaya umbhoshongo

Lokhu umbhoshongo round itholakala ngenhla emaweni yasebhange emthambekeni Pochainskogo udonga nge umfula eduze Pochayna phansi. igama layo, lokhu ukwakhiwa ubophekile isilondolozi - ndima ngomshoshaphansi. Le ndlela kwaholela kusukela embhoshongweni phansi emthambekeni udonga nomfula ngokwawo. Umsele kwadingeka izibuya okhuni nezindonga, futhi engxenyeni engenhla kusuka prying amehlo dogwood ezifihliwe. In the 80s kwekhulu elidlule athole izinsalela wabhubhisa isilondolozi.

. Amadokhumenti zomlando eziphathelene ngekhulu le-17, liqala ukusitshela ngo-elinye igama basembhoshongweni - Mironositskaya okusuka elise ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalowomgodi kwegama elifanayo, abakhiphe ebandleni.

North umbhoshongo

olungaphambili lwesonto Pochainsky ku udonga aphume umbhoshongo, ise-ntshonalanga ye-ingxenye sezintaba Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Lokhu North umbhoshongo, okuyinto wathola igama layo kusukela indawo. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka emva kwesikhathi. Ibonisa ngekhulu le-17. Elias walibiza ngokuthi igama elifanayo yesonto elalisemagcekeni ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalowomgodi. Kwezinye amadokhumenti, umbhoshongo abonakala njengembudane Naugolnykh (ekhoneni).

Idivayisi lokhu umbhoshongo kwaba nsé uhlela Tainitski futhi rocker. Kukhona kuphela nomehluko omncane kwezinye imininingwane. Esikhathini 19 futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. umbhoshongo esetshenziswa amasosha njengoba izimpahla.

Clock umbhoshongo

Lesi sakhiwo sise emthambekeni River iVolga phezulu egqumeni inqaba. Kuyinto kuphela embhoshongweni ezibiyele, uvalo ngaphakathi. Ezinsukwini ubudala ukulwa izindima Wayedlala. Inhloso Its main is dalo of art-tebuciko kwengoma. Ensemble North kwemibhoshongo Zonke yaxazululwa abaklami oncomekayo. Ngakho-ke izindawo ezinhle kakhulu ezibiyele izinyathelo giant okuyinto wehla emthambekeni emaweni ephezulu umbhoshongo udonga. Phezulu umbhoshongo kuyinto isakhiwo ekhethekile ngokhuni - ". Iwashi indlu" Yingakho igama lalowo isakhiwo.

Ivanovo umbhoshongo

Igama isakhiwo wathola kusukela ngaphambili elise amasonto aseduze yaqanjwa Ioanna Predtechi. Ivanovskaya embhoshongweni Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele ngaphakathi walo wawenziwe ngesitebhisi isandiso, enikezwe abavikeli we komuzi kwenyukela udonga lwamatshe. Kukhona ikhamera izigebengu nezithunjwa. Ivanovskaya umbhoshongo kwaba ifakwe esangweni futhi kwaba ezonini main submountainous Kremlin.

umbhoshongo mhlophe

Lokhu ukwakhiwa Ukujikeleza okuphambene Congress ngokuthi Kremlin. Kuyinto round umbhoshongo kuphela, okuyinto wasala foothill emboniselweni. Ohlangothini olungaphambili lwesonto ensimini umbhoshongo uphahlwe itshe elimhlophe. Ngakho kwakukhona igama. umbhoshongo asetshenzisiwe ngezikhathi zokuthula njengoba ishede lokugcina izincwadi kanye phambi komlilo, okwenzeka lapha ngo-1924, wayelokhu imibhalo yomlando emakamelweni umbhoshongo.

umbhoshongo St George sika

Ukwakhiwa umumo elingunxande, okuyinto ngaphambili eya ezinhlangothini. St George Tower of Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele itholakala ngenhla nje loMfula iVolga Krucha sisizwa. Budebuduze kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ukuze VP Chkalov. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo umsuka isakhiwo igama. On omunye wabo, etholakala eduze nesonto igama elifanayo. Ngokwe-yesibili, le ndawo yaba umbhoshongo eSt George sika - esigodlweni lakhiwa umsunguli waleli dolobha Yuri Vsevolodovich.

Ngu ukubukeka kwabo nokuma emaqaqasini umbhoshongo yesimanje unxande sihluke kakhulu izakhiwo efanayo Kremlin.

powder umbhoshongo

umbhoshongo Umjikelezo Nizhny Novgorod ezibiyele, okuthiwa i-ubunjalo ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Kwakuthinta egcinwe nezinhlamvu. Ngu imibhalo igama elifanayo 17 etholakala eduze lombhishobhi e. ushayele le umbhoshongo Spasskaya. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ngekhulu le-18. libizwa ngokuthi Musketeers, ngoba laliseduze Yesifunda Musketeers.

Okwamanje Powder umbhoshongo embozwe ophahleni futhi zibuyiselwe ngokwengxenye. Idivayisi kufana umbhoshongo Spence. Izinqaba amabili awafani kusukela ukuphumula ngesimo ukungabi kuleli eziyizitezi engezansi izintuba phambi.