Ngobani ezincelisayo nokuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izilwane?

Ngobani ezincelisayo? Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa nezilwane eziphambili kakhulu ngokuphelele izilwane ezahlukene: indlovu enkulu futhi elincane igundane vole, impisi eziphangayo newundlu abamnene. Bahlala bonke izinkondlo: emhlabathini, olwandle (amahlengethwa nemikhomo), emoyeni (amalulwane). Kodwa yini eyenza kubo kwezinye izilwane? igazi elifudumele? Isici esifanayo nokungapheleli esakuzuza izinyoni. Ikhono ukunikeza kodwa izala izinhlanzi eziphilayo? Nokho, okokuqala, yini zonke izilwane ezincelisayo viviparous. Ezinye zazo amaqanda, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, i-platypus, ngenkathi ezinye abasha ngesikhathi sokuzalwa zifana imibungu beya futhi kufanele "uvuthwe" ngendlela ekhethekile incubator-sikhwama ngesisu kamama njenge-kangaroo. Futhi okwesibili, kukhona ezihuquzelayo viviparous futhi abanye, izinhlanzi ngisho izinambuzane. On umbuzo othi obani ezincelisayo kuka ihluke izinhlanzi, impendulo ilula: khona ukukhanya. Zonke izilwane umoya. Ngakho-ke, ushaka akadingi ifike kwamanzi ukuphefumula, ngokungafani efana ukubukeka kwakhe ihlengethwa, okungase umane minza ngaphandle oksijini ophilisayo. Kodwa, futhi, emaphashini babe izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni bakudala eziningi, nezitho zonke izinyoni.

Phakathi omkhulu umehluko izilwane amapharamitha amabili kuphela bungabonakala ukuthi ichaze ukuthi ubani ezincelisayo. Kuyinto khona izinwele kanye nokuncelisa amathole ubisi. Zonke nabesifazane lokhu amaqembu izilwane kukhona emzimbeni we nezindlala mammary, zazo zigcwele uketshezi izakhi emva kokubeletha. Le mpahla futhi awunika igama lokuthi zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Phakathi kwezinye izici agcwele izilwane, ungakwazi ukwengeza khona umhlathi ongezansi, ehlanganisa nelilodwa ithambo, futhi diaphragm ehlukanisa amaphaphu inhliziyo kusukela ipheshana wokugaya ukudla.

Kodwa isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi obani ezincelisayo kuyinto ingqondo yabo ngendlela emangalisayo athuthukiswe futhi nezimo uhlelo ukuziphatha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezimbili abantu zohlobo olulodwa, kanye kwezimo ezifanayo ekuphileni zingase iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Bayakwazi ukusebenzisa isipiliyoni sabo ukuba uyigcine, ukubonisana nathi. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi isigaba ezincelisayo uvele Ngenxa Homo sapiens - Homo sapiens. Nokho, ngaphandle kwakhe Emhlabeni wonkhe, kuze mayelana 5000 zezintaka nezinye izilwane, zihlelwe systematics 1,100 izizukulwane, imikhaya 140 futhi oda 18 nemindeni 3.

Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane kukhona izitho ezincelisayo. Ukuze zonke ukwehluka okubonakala (izilwane ezidla ezinye izipikili, iminwe kanye nezinkawu womuntu, elihlukanisa inselo), bonke bagcina neseleko Horny - a uzipho. Ngo izilwane ezihlala emanzini, la izinqubo ngeke yoma. Lesi sici ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo nomthelela yokuthi ezincelisayo sebegcwele kuzo zonke phezu komhlaba futhi sebelithathile zonke niche zokuphila - emhlabathini, emoyeni, olwandle, nangaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa ikhono balondoloze lokushisa komzimba esinegazi elifudumele, baphile e-Arctic (amabhere) futhi ezishisayo (jerboa, amakamela) ezingwadule.

Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: lapho kwakukhona izilwane lokuqala? Akungabazeki ukuthi ezincelisayo endala wathola engu-izibankwakazi Kukhona. Khona-ke base ikakhulu enesiqu esincane, futhi wabonisa izimpawu of "ezihuquzelayo isilwane-like." Njengoba ososayensi ukusebenza bemivubukulo kakade unazo walo nhlobo amathambo kuphela, kunzima ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi esiteji kulezi nezilwane zavela ngokuphazima uboya ikhono ukusuthisa amathole ubisi. Uma siqala kusukela mandible umbandela edinokostnoy, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi ngisho kwezigidi ezingu-215 edlule eNingizimu Afrika, eYurophu nakwezinye izindawo China uhlalwe ezincane (15 cm), isilwane sifana Shrew yesimanje.