Modal tento ngolimi isiJalimane: ukusetshenziswa umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

Engingakusho nje cabanga igama kwalesi silwane sento - "Modal" ukuze baqonde izimfanelo namagugu abo. Njengoba e eyaziwa logic esisemthethweni, zikhona izitatimende tincenye letimbili: dictum futhi munye lapho dictum - kuba okuqukethwe empeleni umlayezo, futhi mode - lena kokuhlaziywa siqu. Ngakho, simokwenta ngiwo asetjenziswako ukuveza le maqondana isenzo. Yilawa amazwi "Ngifuna", "ungakwazi", "Ngifisa."

Zonke simokwenta ngesiJalimane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu: Mina, mina, ngifuna. Esimweni ngasinye kulezi zenzo ezimbili. Ake sihlole kubo kulowo myalelo.

Modal tento German:   "I can"

Dürfen futhi können - la amagama amabili asetshenziswa ukuchaza kungenzeka kokugcwaliseka kwesibonakaliso yisiphi isenzo. Nokho, zikhona ezicashile namagugu abo.

Dürfen ukusetshenziswa emacaleni amabili:

1. Lapho kubalulekile ukuba baveze mthetho noma imvume. Elihunyushwa ngokuthi "bavunyelwe", "akunakwenzeka", "esenqatshelwe", "unga" (e "imvume" Inani).

2. Uma ufuna ukusho mayelana nezincomo (isib., "Lezi amaphilisi Kunconywa ukuthatha ekuseni").

Können unesinye emthunzini yemagama: ukukwazi, ukuze bakwazi nethuba, amandla ukuze kufezwe imigomo okuthile. Ngokwesibonelo: "Angikwazi ukunyakazisa iKhabhinethi" (akuvumelekile kimi ukukwenza, futhi lapho ngithola ithuba enjalo), 'angaba ukudlala ithenisi "(lapha, wayevunyelwa ukudlala ithenisi, futhi uyakwazi ukuthi uphathwa kanjani ibhola futhi yethenisi).

Modal tento German: "Kudingeka ngizikhandle ukuze"

Lo mbhangqwana olandelayo we simokwenta: sollen - müssen. Bobabili abasondelene linencazelo Russian "kufanele".

Sollen ukusetshenziswa emacaleni amathathu:

1. Ukuhlonipha mithetho noma imiyalo (awukwazi ukuthatha izinto zabanye abantu).

2. Ukuhlonipha komsebenzi nokuziphatha (okufanele umhloniphe umbono zabanye abantu).

3. Ngemva oda kothile, imiyalelo (ubaba athé kufanele bafunde).

Müssen ihumusha, njengoba umthetho, ngendlela efanayo - kumele. Odnoko upotreblyatesya kwezinye izimo. Leli zwi kancane eqinile ligcizelela ukuthi isikhulumi kumelwe wenze okuthile okusuka yabo kwangaphakathi, noma ikwenza ngaphansi ukucindezela yizimo zangaphandle (kuleli cala, sivamile ukuhumusha müssen ngokuthi "ophoqelelwe", "engakwesokudla"). Ngokwesibonelo: "Kumelwe sitadishe kanzima" (ngikwenza ngenxa kayise, hhayi ngoba wangicela ukuba, kodwa ngoba ngikholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka), "kumele ngiye ekhaya" (kumele ngiye ekhaya ngoba imvula) . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Sekungokwesithathu siye sasebenzisa müssen: uma kuba isimo okuyinto, ngokombono wethu, sona sasingagwemeki (futhi kwakufanele).

Modal tento German: "Ngifuna"

Amabili tento wollen futhi möchten ihloselwe ukuveza izifiso mayelana neminye imicimbi noma izenzo. Sibheka izici of namagugu abo.

Wollen - lokhu inhloso liqinile, izinhlelo, kungekho ukungaqiniseki, kuyafaneleka ukuba nje kuphela "ufuna" noma "uhlose", kodwa "uhlelo."

Möchten sisho "ukuthikamezeka isifiso." Njengomthetho, sento elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Ngithanda." By endleleni, it is a uhlobo owaziwa amazwi mögen, esetshenziselwa ukuzwelana (Ngithanda, Ngiyakuthanda).

Futhi lesi senzo singachazwa ukuveza isifiso ukuthi ugqozi lokwenza okuthile. Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi kanjani elihunyushwe ngokuthi "kufanele" (kufanele sifike kusenesikhathi), kodwa akufanele kudidaniswe sollen noma müssen, ezingasetshenziswa futhi ungaguquki. Möchten - kuba soft Nokho, kanye nokunxusa ngobuqotho. izinguqulo Ngini olunembile yilezi: "kuyinto efiselekayo ozenzile ...", "Ngingathanda ngempela ukukubona ..." "... kufanele wenze".

Ngakho:

• dürfen: Angikwazi ukubhukuda (odokotela ngivumelekile u);
• können: Angikwazi fly (engingayenza);
• sollen: Kufanele ngiya (lonke iqembu elangazelelwa kimi);
• müssen: kufanele ngibhukude (Ngifuna zifezeke phambi ukulethwa amazinga);
• wollen: Ngizofika ukubhukuda (ngizakuhamba ukufunda);
• möchten: Ngithanda ukubhukuda (ngolunye usuku, mhlawumbe uma ngithola isikhathi, noma kunjalo, ngisho noma Angazi ukuya pool, Bengingathanda ke).

Indlela Tadisha simokwenta?

IsiJalimane, umzimba okuyinto ingatholakala kalula izincwadi, impela kubonakale kunzima. Kulesi sihloko asizange wathinta amafomu ezingaba ukuthatha simokwenta, nokho ukuncika kumuntu kanye nenombolo. Labo bafundi e yefa vele okungenani Intermediate English, wedlula ngale ndaba, ungase ukuthole kakhulu okungukuthi ajwayelekile. Ngempela, i-English kuyafana ulimi German. Conjugation of simokwenta - into kuphela ukuba umehluko okukhulu. German ubonisa ezihlukahlukene enkulu izinhlobo. Ngokuphathelene nezindinganiso simokwenta, bona ngempela endaweni aphambana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho umsindo yabo kungaba eduze (unga - kann). Lokhu akusona isimanga: isiNgisi nesiJalimane basonta efanayo iqembu limi. Fundisa enye ngemva kwenye kuyoba lula kakhulu. Kulabo abafundi abafunda German kusuka ekuqaleni, kuyoba isu win win alandelayo. Okokuqala, kufanele sifunde okushiwo ngamunye isenzo eyisibonelo, sifunde ukuqonda, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo kufanele bawasebenzisele. Khona-ke, lapho ngokuqinile baqonde ukuthi wollen - ofuna ukuthi kusho-futhi möchten - ufisa-iphupho, njll, kungathatha isifundo izinhlobo simokwenta ...