Mkhathi "Orion": incazelo, umlando

Ngokuzayo ufikile. Ukuya emkhathini kanye nemikhumbi interplanetary, iziteshi abantu Moon ne-Mars kanye isikhathi eside ukuhlala abantu ezimweni isikhala ayisekho kubonakale kuyiphupho. Izimpumelelo Astronautics, ukuhlola umkhathi futhi yakamuva okutholakele izazi zesayensi ziye wenza ekuqaleni kwekhulu yethu, ngomfanekiso ekupheleni zokugcina ku-intanethi. Isikhathi ukungaqiniseki, ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga futhi empeleni zezimali. Kwamenywa izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe abasebenza emkhakheni isikhala wethekhnoloji ziyafika zidlule, akunika ukudla sokuthuthukiswa emcabangweni zokudala. Ihlanganisa ngokoqobo lucky kuyo yonke into. American isikhala project isikhala umkhumbi "Orion" usuyafezeka. On ke, amanye amaphrojekthi, amathemba ukuhlola umkhathi, futhi wabhekisela kulesi sihloko.

Jikelele ukuvulwa

"Orion" - umkhumbi isikhala isizukulwane yakamuva, ogama mission - ukuletha abantu ngale nomjikelezo woMhlaba. Ziphethe ubuchwepheshe besimanje capsule esebenza ibekwe phezu imoto kwethulwa Delta IV Heavy, uyothwala amatilosi zezinkanyezi eziyisithupha futhi nga-2030 kuzothatha indoda ukuba Mars. Lawa izinhlelo ezashiwo National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Ngo-December 2014, i-Orion mkhathi ' "amahora 4.5 wasala Umhlaba orbit lawela oLwandle iPacific, okufakazela ukuthi kungenzeka ukugcwaliseka izinhlelo. Heat isihlangu capsule futhi parachute uhlelo zahlolwa ngempumelelo. Phahlaza test abiza mayelana $ 350 million, kodwa zawa esifushane amathemba komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba emkhunjini isikhala "Orion". Izithombe namavidiyo isikhathi eside ebhekwa ngezindlela isikhala abezindaba kanye ukunakwa komphakathi womhlaba wonke. Inkomba lenyukele ku namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili kulirekhodi 18.300 izicelo candidates for the osomkhathi emkhunjini isikhala "Orion". umkhumbi kokuqala ifilimu eqoqwe kuvidiyo ibamba ashaqisayo ukubukwa.

Kuze kube manje, kakhulu-kakhulu

Yakhelwe e ngomfanekiso we "Apollo", lo mkhumbi yisizukulwane yakamuva mkhathi multi-bavimba imigwaqo (Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle). Kusukela maphakathi nawo-kowezi-2000, ngokwengxenye esebenza bavimba mkhathi yakhelwe ngaphansi kohlelo isikhala wokuvelela US 'Constellation'.

Orion mkhathi ' "siqukethe capsule esebenza futhi bavimba imigwaqo kanye module inkonzo. I capsule wenziwe Aerospace corporation Lockheed Martin for NASA isicelo. Module kuyalelwe -European Space Agency (ESA), futhi ekhiqizwa kuye kulo iviyo Airbus Defense and Space. Kuyinto enkulu ngamazwe iphrojekthi ngokubambisana emkhakheni isikhala shipbuilding.

Ngo ezikhethekile imithombo ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo kanye izici lobuchwepheshe indiza. Ukuze umfundi elula ulwazi nzima futhi usithe echaza mkhathi 'Orion. Design kanye nokusebenzisa "Orion" enezinto eziningi izici ezithile futhi lapho sihlala.

"Orion", "Apollo", shuttles nezinye

Ukubukeka futhi balolonge efana amaphilisi "Apollo" futhi Russian "Soyuz". Kuyinto leli fomu kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango uma wena uphume umkhathi ukunyakaza kuwo. Ukumuncwa ukushisa okudlulele kwenzeka esebenzisa ablative ukushisa isihlangu, okuyinto wokushiswa cishe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi kokwehla futhi kalula indawo indiza entsha.

Uhlelo lokulawula kusekelwe olulodwa-core PowerPC 750FX izilimi, okwaholela abezindaba ukuba bagomela ngokuthi "i-Orion" akuyona ngobuchule kuka Smartphones lanamuhla. Kodwa Onjiniyela wachaza abazikhethayo izinhlelo ephezulu idatha nokwethenjelwa ngaphansi vibration kakhulu, lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni nemisebe cosmic.

Mkhathi 'Orion' unesinye izinga ezintsha. Ngokusho isimiso modules kungenziwa exhunywe lutho umkhumbi. Ngu izinjini ezengeziwe ukuthutha linezingxenye. Abezindaba ngokushesha walibiza ngokuthi "isikhala iloli".

Ngokungafani okomkhathi, zakhiwa njengendawo mkhathi, umkhumbi isikhala "Orion" ifakwe ingxenye, njengoba uhlelo enamandla Ukuvikelwa nokutakula zezinkanyezi ekuqaleni. Uhlelo ngokuzenzakalelayo sekuqalile kwi izinjini rocket, bazokhiphela amatilosi kusukela zone ukuqhuma futhi ahlinzeke kokwehla evamile.

I "Orion": ekuqaleni

Uhlelo, ngokuthi "i-Orion" Ngazalelwa eSan Diego ngo-1958 ezindaweni ezijulileyo ngokuqinile "Jikelele Atomics» (General Atomics). Abazali bakhe - edume physics enuzi Frederick Hoffman, co-kwentiwe uTheodore Taylor. Umgomo abasibekela ngokwabo, - kancane futhi kulula ukuthuthukisa mkhathi uyakwazi ngesivinini eduze ngejubane lokukhanya. Ngesisekelo lo msebenzi waba yenuzi ishayela rocket alufakwa. Bona okuphakanyiswe esikhundleni steel ukuqhuma ekamelweni ngesihlangu, okuyinto ngokushesha uyofinyelela ngiyibona ethize kanye ukugeleza rate abafika kwabangu-10 000 km / s. amacala Nuclear ngamandla komunye kilotons iphrojekthi ukhiphe emkhunjini yamila amamitha 60 kusukela isihlangu ngesikhathi ngezikhawu ezithile.

I "Orion": kabuhlungu

Wawenziwe onobuhle ambalwa abashushumbisi enjalo, futhi kakade 1959 ekuhlolweni kokuqala kanye kwethulwa ukufakwa ezingeni ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-100. Pulse Motor waqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka indiza eyaqinisa. Isihlangu Ubuye izinguquko zabhekana, futhi phezu kobuso, kwanqunywa ukuba fafaza graphite amafutha.

Uhlelo lwenzelwe engu-12, nge izindleko $ 24 bhiliyoni. NASA akusekelwe ke iphrojekthi nge ngamandla enuzi, futhi uhlelo yavalwa. Ngemva kokungena ngemvume 1964 ka isivumelwano samazwe onke lokuvala ukuqhuma zenuzi emkhathini, umkhathi nomhlaba wephrojekthi "Orion" waphenduka Outlaw.

Kuye emuva kowezi-2000 njengengxenye yohlelo yentuthuko bavimba mkhathi "Constellation". inkampani Development nokwakhiwa wajuba Lockheed Martin. Futhi "Orion" mkhathi lokuqala wethulwa ngempumelelo lawela ngo-2014. NASA uye walungisiswa amathemba abo.

"Orion": ithemba lekusasa

Ngo-March 2017, i-US Congress yawamukela ibhajethi NASA ka $ 19.1 billion ukuze 2018 - cishe $ 200 bhiliyoni ngaphezu konyaka odlule.

Ngo Congress, umthethosivivinywa ubeka ukuthi abantu kufanele kube ku yeplanethi i-Mars ngo-2030.

Nokho, amathemba iphrojekthi "Orion" ayakhuthaza futhi uyabukeka ukutholakala nethuba lemali eningi. Iqalisa phansi mkhathi ku-orbit is waphawulelwa 2018, futhi ngemva kweminyaka eminingana Kusolwa mission bavimba imigwaqo. Le nhlangano isebenza kwi nokulungiselela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha.

Amathemba lobuchwepheshe

NASA akusho yima, cabanga amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene ikhambo interstellar. Ngisho kakhulu Futuristic: nanokorabley iphrojekthi, self-ukuphulukiswa kuphi emthaleni, noma laser oseyili.

Kusukela 1990, i-ejensi uqhuba nezinkulumo ucwaningo emkhakheni isikhala ngamandla, lapho izazi sesayensi yemvelo futhi onjiniyela engcono cabanga wonke amaphrojekthi futhi imfundiso. Uhlelo ifuna ukufohla of izimiso ngokomzimba amathemba quantum physics enhlanganweni ikhambo interstellar.

Le phrojekthi umxhwele kakhulu - ukusebenzisa antimatter njengoba umthombo energy esihamba intergalactic. Isintu kakade lithole anti-ndaba, ngisho wathola indlela ukuyigcina. Kunganjani fly kuyo ukuze izinkanyezi?

amathemba Mangalisayo: ipayipi Krasnikova

"Injini ugobile" yochungechunge-sci-fi "Star Trek" akuyona kumnandi kangaka. Amandla isitshalo "Alcubierre injini" ukugxisha isikhala-time phambi ngemva kwaso yandisa, waba kwakuthiwa. Kusukela 2012, intuthuko enjalo kukhona ososayensi naseSydney University.

Umqondo wakhe "isikhathi bubble" Mikel Alcubierre eshicilelwe ngo-1994. Ngemva konyaka physics kusukela eMoscow Sergey Krasnikov babecabanga mayelana idivayisi ezonikeza ukuya emkhathini ngejubane eliphezulu ukwedlula ngejubane lokukhanya.

Lokhu ugobile isikhala kwi "wormhole" wadala eyayenziwe. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, astronaut uzobuya ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho waqhubeka nohambo. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngenxa mkhathi ezinyakazayo ngokusebenzisa ezinye izinhlangothi futhi lwalugobile isikhala-time.