Martin Seligman, umsunguli we Psychology omuhle

Martin Seligman - umsunguli Psychology injabulo. Lokhu nososayensi waseMelika kudale umqondo esiyingqayizivele ukucabanga ngezinto ezinhle, okuyinto nakanjani buthinta ingqondo. Ezincwadini zakhe, kusobala evezwe isethi imizwa, uthi amalungelo, ekusizeni bazakhele ikhono eliyingqayizivele ukuba sikujabulele ukuphila. Martin Seligman bahlakulele okubizwa ngokuthi "indlela abheka ngayo ngokwesayensi enjabulweni." Lokhu ndlela yenza ukwakheka ubuntu, ukukhula kwawo phambili kanye self-ngcono. Baye Uzame achazele izwe ukuthi kungaba bangaphezi befuna injabulo futhi ungalokothi uthole ngaphandle kokuthi ukwazi ngokuqinisekile lapho isiqondiso okufanele uhambe ngayo. Lapho siyazi ohlangothini ukunyakaza, kunoma isiphi isimo ungathola ngendlela ehloniphekile aphume ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

University of Pennsylvania Yena odlale emphilweni usosayensi indima ekhethekile. Ekuqaleni, wafundiswa khona, bese ahlelwe maphakathi Psychology ayo omuhle. I-University of Pennsylvania kwaba endaweni engcwele lapho kufike izizindlo akhethekile ngifuna ukuhlala phansi izincwadi zabo.

"Singenamandla Wafunda" syndrome

Ngakho ososayensi baye okuthiwa isimo lapho phakathi isinyathelo i umfutho kwangaphandle kwadingeka passivity ngokuphelele futhi ukungafuni ukuthatha isinyathelo ngendlela ezifana ukushintsha isimo sibe ngcono. Bona isayensi experiment lwenziwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kuba sobala ukuthi abanye abantu nezilwane lapho ebhekene nezithiyo kusengaphambili awusayikubakho umzamo wokuthuthukisa isimo sabo. Martin Seligman sifundwa ngokucophelela isimo salaba bantu futhi ukucacisa kahle ukuthi kwenziwa ngabo ejwayele sikhuthazele ngokungalungile, njalo ibe yisisulu. Lapho abe nokuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo umuntu anakho, nzima ukukholelwa kwakhe ukuthi izwe ngokumelene naye. Njengomthetho, abantu abanezinkinga ezifanayo neze efuna usizo lwabanye, izimisele ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho. He akakholelwa ngombono zabo, ukuthi akafuni ukuthuthukisa ngokwabo, ukwakha izinhlelo big.

Lesi sifo yokudangala wafunda ngenye ubizwe yisigqila ngokuzithandela noma ukuhlonishwa ngokweqile. Abantu abanjalo kungenzeka ukuthi uphile kahle yini izidingo zabanye, akhohlwe izintandokazi zabo. Isizungu - sici yabo ekhethekile, ngoba umhlatshelo kuyadingeka alulona olwawo wonke umuntu.

Lo mkhuba nethemba bayazi

Phakathi ucwaningo kwatholakala ukuthi, naphezu ngokuphazamiseka okukhulu, ngemva kwesikhathi abanye abantu uthanda ngalolo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulahlekelwa yini ukulondoloza isimo sengqondo esiqondile. Bona zafuna ukulondoloza isimo esihle, futhi, ngenhlanhla, ngisho izikhathi ezinzima kakhulu ngabo sangisita kakhulu. Lo mkhuba nethemba bayazi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umuntu isenzo ayoyikhetha injabulo, futhi ngamabomu igxile abampofu. Likhuluma ngamaphathi lomkhuba Martin Seligman. Kanjani ukuze ufunde nombono okhanyayo?

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ube nencwadi yamafa eqinile futhi bakwazi ikusasa. Yiqiniso, isidingo sokuhlakulela ngesikhathi umkhuba ezifanele. Uma kungenjalo, uyohlale uzizwe sengathi iziphethe ezingezona ezemvelo kakhulu. Labo asetshenziselwa ngubani ukugxila izinkinga empeleni umelana ukugeleza jikelele nenhlalakahle. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba abantu bakholelwe yokuthi ukuphila kungaba nabajabulayo, hhayi nje esindayo umthwalo.

Ucwaningo emhlabeni umuntu angikho ngaphakathi, izimbangela zezinkumbulo ukuphikisana kwakhe engqondweni ababehileleke kwezesayensi kwengqondo. Martin Seligman Ngakwazi ukufakazela Ucwaningo ukuthi ngamunye wethu ithwala choice yakhe ngamunye futhi unesibopho ke. Nokho, hhayi wonke umuntu ukulungele yini ukwamukela leli qiniso. Abaningi bamane elula bazicabangele njengabangcono losers.

Psychology omuhle

Martin Seligman amaningi asetshenzwa ku ekutadisheni nezimfanelo okuyizinto eziyizici abantu bajabule. Yena Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ikhono lokujabulela sikujabulele ukuphila akezi konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kufanele ukufunda, kanye nekhono ukudlala virtuoso violin.

Okokuqala, kumelwe ukuba enye kuwo silwele sokwanda siqu. Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, yi-ngamakhasimende kusiza ukuba sihlakulele isimo sengqondo esihle ekufezeni ngokoqobo ezizungezile. Kuphela kulesi simo ngeke wesabe lutho ukuhlulwa. Ukwehluleka kwenzeke nhlobo. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu bakwazi ushiya ngesibindi ngokusebenzisa kwabo bese uqhubeka ikhanda lakho waliphakamisa. Iningi labantu, ngeshwa, kuyothi, ngenkathi prime amathuba akhe okudala. Umcwaningi kwenza sizogxila kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi Ukufuna injabulo kungenye kubaluleke kangaka ukuba singakhohlwa kanjani ngabo siqu, izifiso zabo namakhono. Lokhu ephumelelisa ukuthola ukuphila okugcwele.

ukushicilelwa

Martin Seligman - master of kwengqondo. He qamba imisebenzi eminingana abanamakhono ukuthi Sinesithakazelo zesayensi kanye athandwa kakhulu. Ubuhlobo kuyoba usizo olukhulu kubo, ukuze asize labo abafuna ukuthuthukisa ngokwabo, isifuna ukufunda izinkinga ezikhona lokukhulumisana nabanye abantu.

"Helpless"

Lolu cwaningo uchaza ubunjalo sengozini womuntu yangaphakathi: Kumiswa it is ngaphansi kwethonya okuyinto likhula futhi asathuthuka. Singenamandla ekhiqizwa ngenxa ukungakwazi ukuveza umuntu ukumelela uqobo, ukuze sazise amakhono abo siqu ukuvikela isikhundla ngabanye. Ukuzenyeza, Ukuthuka njalo eduze kanye nokungazi amakhono abo Ihambe inhlekelele enkulu. Lo mlisa umane elahlekile njengomuntu ngamunye.

"Psychology sokusuka"

Lo msebenzi Sizokwenza izindaba zesimo sokuphazamiseka okuthile ebuchosheni ngenxa ukungakhuli yayo umsebenzi. ngeziphambeko Psychology uyachaza ukuthi kungani abantu benza izinto ngokombono ngandlela-thile, ngezinye izikhathi wenza alimaze ngokwabo kanye nabanye.

"Ithemba Lokuhle ezingafundwa kulokho"

Ikhono ukucabanga ngezinto ezinhle ibaluleke kakhulu. Umuntu onjalo nganoma isiphi isikhathi akwazi ukuvikela ngengqondo ngokwabo kusukela umthelela yimaphi zici ezimbi, ukubaleka okuphazamisayo umphefumulo nakho. Ukuze ufunde ukucabanga okwakhayo asikho isidingo baziqambela lutho kwemvelo. Badinga kuphela ukwazi izici zezwe kwangaphakathi nenjabulo bakwazi ukuvikela kuye ethonyeni amandla eyayisekhanda lami. Umbhali we cwaningo ligcizelela ukuthi amandla main itholakala ezandleni endoda ngokwayo, nguye yedwa enquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono ukukwenza endabeni ethile.

Ngakho, Martin Seligman kuyinto sibalo abalulekile kwengqondo. Ngenxa yokufunda emangalisayo abantu bakhe abaningi ithole ithuba nibheka umhlaba ajwayelekile ngendlela ehlukile, ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngokwabo.