Likuphi Athos (intaba)? INtaba Engcwele: incazelo, ukuphakama. Kanjani ukuze baye khona? zezindela kweNtaba Athos

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa yezindawo emangalisayo kakhulu futhi enhle yembulunga. Uyazazi lizwe Mount Athos? Yini eyenza kube adumile? nezakhamuzi ezathinteka ngayo? Kuwona futhi abaningi mibuzo neminye silinga ukuphendula manje.

indawo

Manje ake sibone, khona-Mount Athos kumephu. On ogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi Aegean Sea, eGrisi, inhlonhlo eme kuyinto ukuma okungavamile sifana isandla ngeminwe amathathu. Lokhu Halkidiki. empumalanga "umunwe" Its kakhulu, okuyinto welula isikhathi esingaphezu ayisithupha amakhilomitha - ke Athos. Kusukela empumalanga it is wageza yi deepwater Gulf Ierisu. Entshonalanga, it has amanzi awo luhlaza kwe-Gulf of Singitikos. Ngasenyakatho Isthmus of uXerxes, kodwa eduze - edolobheni elidume Ouranoupolis. Ngalo kudlule pilgrim, abanentshisekelo Mount Athos (Greece). Its ukuphakama - 2033 m.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

It ikhona ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela kuphela ngokuthi ngasolwandle, bathenga ithikithi umkhumbi, eduze ethekwini uDaphne, lapho port. Kusuka lapha emgwaqeni omkhulu kufanele sifinyelele Carey (sokuqondisa weRiphabhulikhi Izigodlo). Njengoba izivunguvungu uza lapha kaningi impela, izihambeli, abazi lapho Athos (intaba), maningi amathuba ukukhetha ngendlela erhunyeziweko lapha - e Ouranoupoli. Manje ngenxa fun okuyingxenye - umlando kule ndawo.

Umlando kweNtaba Athos

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, inhlonhlo eme Athos lalakhiwe ngezizwe ngesiGreki. Ngalo lidlule bonke yezindlela zasolwandle esikhulu, okuyinto uxhuma Greece ne-East.

Ukulondolozwa ubufakazi obubhalwe bokuba khona madolobhana enhlonhlweni (yavela eminyakeni 1000 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu). Esikhathini imisebenzi endala mlando ezinkulu (kaThucydides uHerodotus) ukusho amagama abanye babo, ezifana Olofiksos, Fissos, Kleone, Dion, u-Apollo, Akroafos. Indawo ngqo kulezi nemizana ingakamiswa setha.

Lapho Athos azinikele efika okokuqala, umuzi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ibambene (esinabantu abangaba 10 000), babe eyihlane.

Mount Athos - iNtaba Engcwele

C kwasungulwa monasticism ngokuvamile abazalwane bakha ezintabeni, sibonga umsebenzi ongenabugovu ngokuthi lezi zindawo ongcwele. Bebangemkhunjini eGibhithe, ePalestine, Asia Minor, eSiriya. Iningi kubo babe yizinkulungwane noma izindlu ezimbalwa, ekhaya ukuze izindela ezimbalwa, noma emanxiweni izakhiwo efakazela ubukhulu yangaphambili lezi zindawo.

Monasticism eNtabeni Athos

I lasendulo isiko ISonto lithi kuyintando eNtabeni Athos nenkolo yobuKristu uqobo waqala ukushumayeza UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, owathatha kule ndawo ngaphansi ukusekelwa yakhe.

Manje kunzima ukusho lapho izindela lokuqala eNtabeni Athos. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi emahlathini, inhlonhlo ye-ku noshushiso samaKristu okuqala baphephela. I Ukuhlasela ngowezizwe sezitha, ushushiso njalo wabhubhisa cishe wonke amadokhumenti ezingase ezisikhanyisela esigabeni sokuqala impilo ye-republic Izigodlo. Ngokwengxenye ugcwalise leli cleaner ezinganekwaneni eziningi. Ngokwemvelo, abakwazi ukukhonza ubufakazi kuqine ngoba ososayensi. Nokho, abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izindela lokuqala iNtaba Engcwele (Mount Athos kwaba nje indawo enjalo) bafika ezinsukwini St uConstantine.

Uma ukholwa ukuthi le nganekwane, uKonstantin Veliky banquma ukwakha inhloko-dolobha entsha yoMbuso WaseRoma phezu Athos nhlonhlo. Kakade ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele abasebenza ukudweba amapulani ezisemadolobheni, uma uMbusi weza uphawu - Bishop of ndawo. Watshela uConstantine ukuthi le ndawo uzikhethile Virgin yena. umbusi abangcwele wenqaba isiphakamiso sakhe, ngaphezu, wakha entabeni Athos ezintathu ithempeli elihle e wokudumisa iNcasakazi eduze zokuhlala, ngaso leso sikhathi lapho namuhla zitholakala Vatopedi futhi Iviron Isigodlo, uCarey. Bakhandwa kamuva wabhubhisa Julian hlubuki.

UConstantine wathumela izakhamuzi Mount Athos e yePeloponnese nhlonhlo. Kukhona enye inguqulo ukuthi ukuthutha kwadingeka kamuva uMbusi Pogonate.

"Abesifazane kungekho entry!"

Lona umsebenzi uvinjelwe main, esebenza republic Izigodlo iminyaka 422. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi indodakazi uMbusi uTheodosius wafuna ukungena esigodlweni sezindela Vatopedi, kodwa yena wamiswa omunye izwi eyaphuma UnguNina KaNkulunkulu. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, akekho umuntu wesifazane wayengekho entabeni.

Ekhulwini VII, ngemva kokunqotshwa ePalestina, eSyria nase-Egypt, Arab AmaSulumane, izindela kwadingeka balishiye leli zwe. Iningi lazo kuhanjiswe ku Mount Athos. Lapho wathola indawo yokufihla ikhanda nezindela ababeshushiswa iconoclasts sababusi.

Njengoba IX ngekhulu, le ndawo isibe omunye amasentha amakhulu wezindela eMpumalanga. Izindela kweNtaba Athos wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo ku XVII WamaSonto Council. Ngalesi sikhathi Athos indela lwaluba yizinhlobo ezintathu khona - Skete, kinoviynuyu (coenobitic), unkom 'idlayodwa.

Ekuqaleni izindela wahlala eduze emakholweni avamile, kodwa ngekhulu IX, inhlonhlo eme babeshiye abalimi zokugcina futhi abelusi. Ngo 883, uMbusi Basil mina washaya umthetho ivume yokuhlala Peninsula kuphela izindela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Athos (iNtaba Engcwele) iyophila imithetho ukuthi akazange aguquke kulokho, kuze kuzofika manje.

Athanasia

Lo muntu wabeka izisekelo monasticism ku Athos. St Augustine zihlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ehlonipha, nobuhle eziningi, kodwa futhi amakhono umhleli oluvelele. Lavra Omkhulu ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe isibe sezindela imodeli, samfuza ngemva inqwaba zezindela ayehlelwe.

Izinsizwa kusuka emhlabeni wonke, ukwazi lapho Athos (intaba), waya e-St Augustine, ngilangazelela ukufika isiqondiso esingokomoya. Sahamba lapha nabantu abavamile, futhi abameleli imikhaya zasebukhosini. Emngcwabeni Saint Augustine kweNtaba Athos izindela wangena 2500.

Inkathi Yokuchuma Athos

Le nkathi iphathelene XIV leminyaka. INtaba Engcwele yaqala ukuthela izithelo ezingokomoya, udumo lwakhe ukusabalala ubuKristu emhlabeni wonke.

Athos baba imvuselelo isikhungo hesychast. Lokhu kuthambekela isungule ngezindlela ezimbili: unkom 'idlayodwa futhi monasticism cenobitic.

Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona zezindela Ioanna Predtechi noSt Anne.

Le ntaba ongcwele ekhulwini XX

Kusukela ngo-1910 kuya ku-1971, inani izindela eNtabeni Athos kwehle kakhulu - kusuka izinkulungwane eziyishumi abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili, ubudala isilinganiso ifinyelele eminyakeni 55. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphela Mount Athos, uhlongoza iphrojekthi ezinguquko lendawo engcwele ibe omkhulu izivakashi isikhungo ne eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum. Abadala zizincishe injabulo ayikwazanga ukuthola abalandeli abasha, kwakunengozi usongo ehushule isiko eyinkulungwane, eyadluliselwa isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. zezindela Huge futhi convents babe eyihlane bese waqala ubole.

Kodwa kungazelelwe ngisho okuhle okungalindelekile kwenzekile - Mount Athos waqala ukuvuseleleka. Namuhla, inani izindela abantu abangaphezu kuka-1,800.

Impilo ye-republic Izigodlo

Kanye nhlonhlo, lapho Athos (intaba), zezindela amabili lasendulo eyakhelwe amawa, okuyizinto kakhulu okusikhumbuza izinqaba yangenkathi ephakathi. pilgrim ngalinye ehlaselwa ubuhle babo futhi ubukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni Mount Athos kukhona zezindela nambili, inani elikhulu amaseli, maqhugwane kanye Kalyvia Hermits.

Charter unqabela Izigodlo republic isisekelo ezigodlweni entsha. insimu yalo ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda. Ngalinye lawo lingelawo omunye zezindela.

Lesi sigaba uzimisele kuphela amalungelo impahla, kodwa futhi nezibopho zomthetho. Minyaka yonke, abameleli zezindela ezine ezakha iziphathimandla komthetho we Athos. Minyaka yonke, zikhetha ummeleli, oyingxenye isitho obuphakeme uhulumeni (Holy Kinot) republic Izigodlo.

entabeni engcwele ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni walondoloza izimiso zokuphila ezivamile kude. Waya zezindela kanye hermitages bakwazi ukugcwalisa inhliziyo nokukhanya nenjabulo.

zezindela kweNtaba Athos

Namuhla, zezindela amabili enza kulo mhlaba. Nakuba isimiso akusho ukwanda kwenani labo, avunyelwe ukudala zezindela entsha bese amaseli, uma kunesidingo.

Izigodlo eNtabeni Athos ezahlukene uhlelo phezulu inquma usayizi ethempelini noma cha umcebo wakhe, kanye nezinga ithonya base isikhathi.

ISigodlo Omkhulu Lavra

Lena isakhiwo endala eNtabeni Athos. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Lavra St. Augustine. Kumila sezindela kungokwalabo ngonyaka 963. It kwakuhlelwa St Augustine. Yezivakashi ezibalulekile kakhulu Isigodlo kuyinto umbhalo wesandla wasendulo onayo lapho amagama izindela lokuqala, kanye ngesandla e Uhlaka igolide, ivangeli, esiphambanweni siqu St Augustine.

Isigodlo Vatopedi

Lokhu sezindela iseduze kolwandle. Zamagugu ayo kufanele kuphawulwe izikhathi imifanekiso the Virgin, phakathi okuyizinto Eleotochivaya ngokuyisimangaliso, ktitorskih ababulewe. Umtapo sezindela iqukethe imibhalo yesandla engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili futhi imibhalo ezingaphezu kuka-35 eziyinkulungwane.

Zograf sezindela

Enye lasendulo sezindela eNtabeni Athos. Ngokusho yetinsita Kudume ukuthi yakhiwa abazalwane abathathu Bulgarian, abomdabu asebukhosini. Ngo-1873, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo elimiswe egcekeni sezindela kuyo leyo ndawo lapho bahlangana uzinikela ekufeni okubuhlungu 26 izindela, ashiswa ephila yi Latins e 1276.

zokuxhumana ekhaya lezindela. Paul

Asikwazi ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana lezindela eSt UPawulu, lapho itholakala eningizimu-empumalanga yeNtaba Athos. Ngemva ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu Turkish ngasekuqaleni XIX leminyaka izindela kwesokunxele Isigodlo futhi wabuyela kuye ngosizo tsars Russian. Isigodlo yakhiwa kuleli X leminyaka. It yabhidlika kabana lapho kuqubuka umlilo 1902.

zokuxhumana ekhaya lezindela. Panteleimon

Abode has elinye igama - "Russika". Wabonakala eNtabeni Athos ekuqaleni kwekhulu XI, lapho lapha beza izindela wokuqala Russian. Ekhulwini XIX, ke kwakunezakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-1,000. Kule ndawo egcinwe ngokucophelela zokuxhumana amandla. Panteleimon. Umtapo ocebile Isigodlo ngasinda imibhalo yesandla ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kanye nezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 izincwadi ngesiGreki, isi-Russian futhi Slavic. Zonke zezindela kweNtaba Athos kunemicebo asabekayo iconography WaseByzantium. Izindela ukulondoloza nemidwebo ezingavamile futhi udonga imidwebo, imifanekiso eyigugu nezinto ezingcwele. Abenzi kuphela ukuvikela, kodwa futhi anandise ukujula ezingokomoya Lobu-Orthodox.

Kakhulu liyahlonishwa eNtabeni Athos imifanekiso ngesithombe Our Lady kukhona Portaitissa (Vratarnitsa) kanye Gerontissa (Staritsa). Abakwazi ukukhuleka zezindela Iviron Monastery futhi Pantocrator. Mount Athos kufana isikhathi eziphilayo. It awuzizwa izilingo zokuphila eyisono abavamile.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lapho Athos - Mount ongaqondakali futhi emuhle. Uma ithuba kuphakama, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela ndawo amazing.