Lapho umfula uthululela phakathi Don: isikimu. Lapho kuvela emfuleni Don?

Don has njalo indoda umxhwele - ezibanzi futhi enamandla, nge nemingenela eminingi. Wayinikela ekubhujisweni isibalo esikhulu ngala mavesi abese izinkondlo, kanye Yenisei. Nakuba kungekho umbuzo yini emfuleni mude - Don noma Yenisei, kodwa akunakwenzeka eziqhathanisa - ngamunye siqu enhle yayo futhi ngamunye sinendawo yaso ezincwadini Russian.

Ngezinye Don kwalokho, kukhona amanye amagama. Ezinsukwini ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, yayibizwa ngokuthi Tanais noma Girgis. kypchaki sidilizwa ngokuthi Don - Ten. Igama elithi "dong" kusho "eziningi iziteshi" noma "umfula nesiteshi obuhlukahlukene."

Uvela futhi lapho umfula Don ageleza

Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi Don avela echibini, u-Ivan, kodwa njengoba ifika lapho, yathola emfantwini kusukela kule kwesigubhu emfuleni ayenzeki. Lona umthombo Don Novomoskovsk, kukhona ngisho usethe Ukwakheka yezakhiwo "Umthombo Don." Kodwa ngenxa budebuduze naleli umfula ukuze kwesigubhu Shatskikh, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ungumthombo, kodwa akuyona.

River wawungaphansi abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo kuphela iVolga, iDanube, Kama futhi Dnieper, kodwa Don akuyona eside kakhulu - 1870 km. Amandla nobuhle Don nalapho imisebenzi ebhaliwe abaningi, kanye Yenisei. Umbuzo uwukuthi: Yikuphi emfuleni mude - Don noma Yenisei? Iyiphi impendulo enembile - the Yenisei. Kodwa ukuqhathanisa le mifula emibili akunakwenzeka, ngamunye uhlukile futhi eshiya kwakuhlala isikhathi eside.

Olwandle River agelezela Don? OLwandle Azov. Emlanjeni e Rostov-on-Don yakha delta ububanzi, indawo 540 amakhilomitha square. Kusukela kukushiya eziningi imbobo: Kuterma elikhulu, Dead eDonets, Omkhulu Tower nabanye.

Ngezansi sibheka kabanzi, lapho umfula uthululela phakathi Don. Isifanekiso atjengisa umfula ugeleza khona kuwo.

Uhlamvu nesigodi emfuleni

Don - elisezansi emfuleni ebanzi uzamcolo ethafeni, ayinayo kuzinga eliphezulu futhi ageleza kancane. UMdwebo bushelelezi iphrofayela longitudinal, ukuphambuka silinganiselwa 0.1 ppm. Don ububanzi kule aphansi ifinyelela ku-15 km.

Ibhange kwesokudla mfula eyehlelayo emaweni. Ibhange kwesokunxele ephansi futhi flat. Ezansi emfuleni ungathola ekuqongeleleni alluvium. Landelela kunothile engajulile Shoals anesihlabathi.

Umbuso amanzi omfula Don

Ngesikhathi indawo umfula okulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi libanzi, kodwa nokuqukethwe kwalo amanzi kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Don kugeleza asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni zone. Iqhaza esiyinhloko emfuleni kudlala ukudla iqhwa, okuyinto ebangela cishe 70%, imvula komhlaba - amancane. Njengabantu abaningi imifula kulendawo, Don has a high entwasahlobo tide, phakathi nawo wonke unyaka - kwesikhathi amanzi aphansi.

Kuyo yonke ezingeni amanzi emfuleni zokhahlamba kusuka 8 m 13 m.

ukusetshenziswa yonyaka, Don 2 l / umzuzwana / km square (900m³ / c).

Ngo-November no-December Don eqina ngenxa yamakhaza. Freeze Uthatha kwezinsuku 30 esezansi kanye kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-140 phezulu.

Isici nobuntu emfuleni ukuthi amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu sihamba ngamaza ezimbili. Igagasi lokuqala - the "abandayo". Emlanjeni uthole amanzi ncibilikisa kusukela sifinyelela aphansi. Eyesibili wave - "kulungele" futhi iletha amanzi kusukela engenhla ingxenye emfuleni.

Ukusebenzisa emfuleni yezenzo zesintu

Don River udlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini ephawuleka kangaka lo mfula ngokwanele ukukhumbula lapho umfula uthululela phakathi Don. Kwacishe 1600 km emlonyeni umfula imikhumbi. Liski dolobha lisendaweni 1355 km usendaweni confluence Don kuya oLwandle Azov, endleleni ungakwazi njalo ukuhlangabezana inkantolo.

Ngo-1952 yayakhiwe the iVolga-Don Canal. Wayelethwa amba eduze nedolobha Kalach, kusukela kuleli qophelo bend umfula we Don osondela iVolga ibanga ubuncane - 80 km. Umsele wayekulungele ingakapheli iminyaka 4 ngemva isakhiwo sesiqaliwe, kungekho into enjalo emhlabeni ayizange ngokushesha ngakho ukusebenza. Ubude iVolga-Don canal kwaba 101 km okwakwenza ukuba ukukhulula kwezilwandle eziningana: aseBaltic, Black, Azov, White futhi iCaspian.

Eduze Voronezh is busuka ekusebenzeni Novovoronezh NPP 1967 Rostov NPP lakhiwa ngo-2001 futhi itholakala ngasedolobheni eponymous.

On Don Yakhiwa ichibi - Tsimlyanskoe. Kukhona Tsimlyansk amandla kagesi esiteshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la manzi into kwamanzi asetshenziswa ukuze nginisele umhlaba wokulima futhi Volgograd e Rostov izifunda.

Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene emfuleni Don

amaxhaphozi kwimfunda, izimfunda, amahlathi emvula aminyene okuxubile elise egudle uMfula Don. Lapho kuvela, lapho ugeleza nokuthi kungabonwa eduze lomfula? Yaphelela, ungabhekana ezihlukahlukene flora: sedge, bulrush, cinquefoil, willow, willow, birch, krushinnik, Alder kanye nabanye abameleli nezilwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu e yohlobo lwazo Ukwakheka .. Amphibians: Amaxoxo futhi zintulo. Awezinyoka: kanye ufudu Red-eared, utshani inyoka, lenyoka. Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle: uchakide, i-beaver, mink, Otter, amalulwane, muskrat. Izinyoni: Indwandwe, warbler, storks, iqhude, snipe, nedada.

Kuwo wonke River Don itholakala mayelana 70 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Abanye yokuqothulwa ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu. I bream ezivamile, Rudd, carp crucian, ongenathemba, Pike, burbot. Ezingavamile: eyikati, Sturgeon, beluga Sturgeon.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi muva efakwe control esiqinile phezu ezisengozini yokuqothulwa zezinhlanzi. Ukuze ekubambeni izinhlawulo zezinyoni ezingavamile onikezwe mthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyo kuthiwa inhlanzi, okuyinto Udedelwe endle likhule.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo of eMfuleni Don

Umbuzo yenkinga kwezemvelo emfuleni kuba nakakhulu njalo ngonyaka. Inkinga acute iningi ukuhlanzwa amanzi kusukela ethwala imfucuza, uwoyela ekuchitheni, okuyinto akhiwa ngenxa ngamaloli izingozi. Ukusabalala ulwelwe oluluhlaza futhi sibe nomthelela ongemuhle isimo emvelweni of emfuleni, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kuthiwa zisengozini yokuqothulwa, abanye zezinhlanzi kanye izitshalo.

Izinga amanzi omfula kuyehla ngenxa ukusetshenziswa engenangqondo.

Eminyakeni yamuva, amaphrojekthi ukubhekana nezindaba ezibucayi ezihlobene amanzi emfuleni ziye zadalwa, kuhlanganise Don. Azov Sea (yiwo ogelezela eMfuleni Don) Ubuye eziningi zezinkinga: Amanzi avimbekile, ukunyamalala ezinye zezinhlanzi kanye ukwehla izinga lamanzi - shallowing.