Lapho kwakukhona izincwadi Old Russian, futhi kungani?

Umbuzo ka lapho zikhona yini izincwadi Old Russian, anakekele namuhla bonke labo abanesithakazelo emlandweni futhi isiko wezwe lakithi. Sizozama ukunikeza impendulo olunzulu kuso.

Uyini izincwadi Old Russian?

izincwadi Old Russian ngokuthi izikhumbuzo ekwati Kievan Rus, eyabonakala esiteji kokudaliweyo isimo Eastern lwamaSlav, ngokuthi Kievan Rus. isikhathi Old emlandweni izincwadi Russian, ngokuvumelana ezinye zalezi zincwadi, izophela 1237 (ngesikhathi ochithayo Tatar ayehlasela), ngokuvumelana neminye imibhalo, uyaqhubeka eminye iminyaka 400 kanye kancane kancane iphela Renaissance eMoscow State emva Isikhathi Nezinkinga.

Nokho, okuningi ayethanda inguqulo yokuqala, echaza ngokwengxenye lapho futhi kungani i izincwadi Old Russian.

Kunoma yikuphi, leli qiniso kusikisela ukuthi okhokho bethu laba bafikile ukubashaya isigaba enjalo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, lapho kabasebabili wanelisekile ka temdzabu kwakudingeka izinhlobo ezintsha - izincwadi hagiographic, izintshumayelo, nhlanganisela "amazwi".

Lapho kwakukhona izincwadi Old Russian: umlando kanye izici eyinhloko

Usuku olunembile nokuloba imisebenzi yakuqala komlando wasendulo lapho, kodwa ekuqaleni kokukwazi eRussia besilokhu elihlobene ne izenzakalo ezimbili. Eyokuqala - ukuvela ezweni lethu izindela Orthodox - uCyril noMethodius owadala zamagama Glagolitic, futhi kamuva isicelo imizamo yabo ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane Cyrillic zamagama. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuhumusha imibhalo eyimidanti umKristu WaseByzantium ngolimi isiSlavonic Esidala.

Isenzakalo sesibili yokhiye yobuKristu langempela eRussia, okuyinto eye wavumela izwe lethu eduze uxhumana amaGreki - ke abathwali okuhlakanipha nowokwazi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbuzo wokuthi unyaka zikhona yini izincwadi Old Russian, ongeke uphenduleke okwamanje, futhi ngenxa lenqwaba izikhumbuzo kokukwazi lasendulo abantu abaye balahlekelwa yizo ngenxa ochithayo Tartar ijoka, iningi labo kushiswe imililo eminingi alethwe abayimizulane ezweni womele igazi lethu .

I zodumo Russia lasendulo ekukwati kufundza nekubhala

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana lapho zikhona yini izincwadi Old Russian, kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi imisebenzi le nkathi ezingeni kahle eliphezulu kobuhle etemibhalo. Omunye adumile "Igama" emkhankasweni Prince Igor ukuze Polovtsy obiza kuphela.

Naphezu kwalezo zenzakalo zomlando yinhlekelele, amatshe ezikhumbuzo elandelayo ezisekhona.

Kafushane, beka abathandekayo ukhiye:

1. Laurentian Chronicle.
2. Ostrom ivangeli.
3. amaqoqo didactic eziningi.
4. Uhlala amaqoqo (isib amaqoqo izimpilo lokuqala ongcwele Russian of Lavra).
5. "INtshumayelo Law noGrace" uHilarion.
6. The Life of Boris futhi Gleb.
7. Ukufunda Boris futhi Gleb.
8. "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka".
9. "Ukufundiswa ePrince uVladimir, wethiwa Monomakh".
10. "Beka."
11. "Legend bezwe Russian sokufa."

Kwezikhathi Old Russian ncwadi-yokufunda

Isazi isiko lasendulo ebhaliwe, Academician DS Likhachev nozakwabo zisikisela ukuthi impendulo yombuzo othi nini zikhona yini izincwadi Old Russian kungatholakala ezindaweni ezisithekileyo wokuqala Russian ncwadi-yokufunda.

Ngokusho la lwemilando, ezweni lethu ekhulwini 10, bavela okokuqala imisebenzi lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu ngesiGreki. Ngo parallel, ngesikhathi esifanayo temdzabu wadala emibhalo zamaqhawe nezigigaba eziningi Svyatoslav Igorevich futhi epics mayelana Prince uVladimir.

Esikhathini 11 sibonga eyikhulu umsebenzi Metropolitan Ilarion zalotshelwa imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba sekushiwo "INtshumayelo Law noGrace", incazelo lapho kwemukelwa ubuKristu ngokubhubhisa abantu Russian nabanye. Ngalo lelo khulu leminyaka imibhalo yokuqala nhlanganisela, kanye izimpilo imibhalo ekuqaleni we Boris futhi Gleb zadalwa, dlulisa feuds kwesikhulu kanye kamuva abagcotshwa.

Ekhulwini le-12 elalibhalwe ngazo imisebenzi yokuqala ubuqambi ezinikezwa mayelana Life of uTheodosius, wesigodlo Pechersky, ukuPhila ezinye abangcwele ezweni Russian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umbhalo ivangeli okuthiwa Galitsky, onekhono isikhulumi Russian Kirillom Turovskim mfanekiso ebhaliwe yasungulwa futhi "izwi." Yobudala efanayo sihlehlela emuva ukudalwa umbhalo "Beka". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi enyatheliswa inani elikhulu imisebenzi elihunyushwe, babevela eByzantium iphethe isisekelo kokubili ukuhlakanipha Hellenic namaKrestu.

Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba aphendule ngendlela efanele umbuzo what century izincwadi Old Russian wavela:-ke okwenzeka ekhulwini 10 kanye ukuvela Slavic Literature ukudalwa Kievan Rus 'njengoba isimo enobunye.