La mazwi ayiveza umthetho ukunikezela

Zezomnotho shayela ukwanelisa ivolumu zokukhiqiza, okuyinto unekhono wagqoka abenzi emakethe. Injongo eyinhloko nokuqhutshwa iyunithi commercial inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, umthetho ukunikezela libonisa ubuhlobo phakathi ivolumu zokukhiqiza kanye ezingeni intengo. logic Ordinary abizele ukuthi ithunzi elehlayo. Emzamweni ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo, amafemu ezentengiselwano abe isisusa omkhulu ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa uma amanani aphakame.

Incazelo kanye etintfweni

Isiphakamiso umqondo nakwezomnotho. Lichaza isamba izimpahla namasevisi, elitholakala kuwo umthengi ngentengo ethile. Demand, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uchaza indlela leli izinhlangano ukukhiqiza bazimisele ukuthenga. Ngokwemvelo, bafuna akhokhe kancane. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angabona uthaba kangangani ubuhlobo inhlukanozigaba phakathi wokwakha intengo. On sipho lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Intengo lezimpahla uqobo. I emikhulu njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi abakhiqizi ngaphezulu zikhulisa amavolumu ukukhiqizwa.
• Amanani otholakala ezimpahleni nasezinkonzweni ezihlobene. Ngezinhloso ukuhlaziywa, sipho sihlanganisa zonke yini isetshenziswa imikhiqizo kwezinhloso zenzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, iphepha zenziwa ngokhuni. Ngakho-ke, kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha umkhiqizo ahlobene lapho ucabangela kuleli cala. Uma intengo kwandisa, it kwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ephepheni. Ngakho-ke, nesiphakamiso uzokwehla. Njengoba nemikhiqizo ehlobene nazo imikhiqizo abaye baphathwe ngayo, okuyinto ngokuqinile ongaveza ne izici ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani ekhiqiza lesikhumba amabhande. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi okuningi oholela kangcono kuyoba ukukhiqiza nesembozo amafoni. Ngakho-ke, inkampani kulesi simo kungehlisa amabhande umusho. Futhi ngevolumu udaba kuthinta intengo kwezimpahla, sigcwalisa.
• izimo zokukhiqiza. Ubuchwepheshe obusha enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukukhiqiza okuningi ngokuncane.
• Ukulindela. Uma abakhiqizi bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukufuneka emphahleni bevuka, bangase udlulele ukwandisa supply.
• phezu isici intengo. I abanye bayothambekela nakakhulu, ezincane ngokuqinile angakhiqiza.
• Inani abahlinzeki emakethe. Ukwandisa isibalo sabo kuholela ukwandisa mncintiswano futhi ukunciphisa amanani.
• inchubomgomo yahulumende kanye nomthetho. Lokhu isici kungaholela shift of supply ijika kokubili kwesokunene nezinhlanu kwesobunxele.

Ukuthuthukiswa zomlando umqondo

Ngokokuqala ngqá umthetho ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona owasungulwa Dzhon Lokk. Ukuthandwa wathola emva kokushicilelwa umsebenzi abadumile Adam Smith 1776. Iqiniso lokuthi isiphakamiso umthetho eveza, waboniswa imidwebo wokuqala ngo-1870. Nokho, kubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe Alfred Marshall e 1890. Kwaneliswe isidingo kufundvwe hhayi todvwa kodwa ithonya mutual.

Ingqikithi yalo umqondo

Lo mthetho ohlongozwayo eveza ubudlelwano phakathi kwemali kanye okukhiphayo. popularization ahlotshaniswa ne izinguquko kwezezimboni. It bavunyelwe ukuba sibone ukuthi kukhona okusobala phakathi intengo kanye nobungako zokukhiqiza. Futhi ithunzi elehlayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekunyuseni amanani, zonke ezinye izici njalo, njalo kuholela ekwandeni eziphelayo. Futhi lokhu Kuyaqondakala, ngoba amafemu bavame ukwakha inzuzo yayo. Ngakho, ngo-Kafushane, isiphakamiso umthetho eveza ngobuhlobo oqondile phakathi okukhipha futhi intengo. Lokhu kuyimbangela emthambekeni ekuphumeni ijika. Lapho amanani fall, amavolumu ukukhiqizwa wehlise.

Inchazelo zezibalo

Lo mthetho ohlongozwayo eveza ubudlelwano phakathi amanani kanye ivolumu okukhipha. Ngakho-ke, lezi nemingcele kufanele kube nokwenza nenchazelo zezibalo. Ake p p '- amavolumu lokhu zokukhiqiza, kanye y futhi y' - amanani abo ofanayo. Khona-ke iyini isiphakamiso umthetho eveza zihlobene ngokuqondile lezi nemingcele ezimbili kungenziwa ebhaliwe izibalo kanje: (p - k) * (y - y ') => 0. Uma p> p', bese y> y '.

practice

Kodwa kuthiwani yokuthi isiphakamiso umthetho siveza ubuhlobo phakathi okukhipha namanani, buthinta ukuphila kwethu? Ngokwesibonelo, onjiniyela wezwe ikhompyutha uthole kuka othisha English kolimi. Njengoba isiphakamiso umthetho eveza okusobala phakathi ezingeni intengo, ngokushesha abafundi abaningi ziyokuza ubuhlakani, onikeza okhethekile wokuqala ngaphandle yesibili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwandisa isibalo onjiniyela ukuthi kuyoholela zokulinganiswa inkokhelo.

Cabangela esinye isibonelo. Ake sithi abathengi waqala ukuthenga amakhekhe ezingaphezu kuka donuts. Kuphi uzokwethula kwaholelaphi? Futhi lapha singabona umthetho ukunikezela in action. amabhikawozi maduzane elizobe esikhiqiza amakhekhe ezingaphezu kuka donuts. Sisebenzisa umthetho ukunikezela etimakethe. Uma abaqashi bakhokhele isikhathi esengeziwe, inombolo ezincane zabantu abasebenza uyofuna ninikele isikhathi sokungcebeleka ngaphezulu.