Kwakuyini igama ugogo Lermontov sika? Ikhaya owesifazane empilweni imbongi sika

Igama imbongi Russian Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ejwayelene kuwo wonke umuntu. Imisebenzi yakhe kufakwe ohlelweni lwezifundo zesikole, futhi inkumbulo umbhali temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, wemidlalo uhlala ezinhliziyweni abayithandayo eziningi ithalente lakhe, futhi manje, ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa eminyaka. Ingxenye enkulu ekwakhekeni ubuntu ka omunye evelele kunazo zonke abalobi XIX-XX eminyaka wathatha ugogo wakhe. Nokho, labo awuzwanga lutho ngakho, ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani owesifazane lo wayengumGreki. Kungani yena anakekela? Kwakuyini igama ugogo Lermontov sika? Le ndatshana izozama ukuthola izimpendulo.

Njalo lapho, njalo ohlangothini

Eminyakeni yobuntwana esakhula umbhali azayo share yayo lehla eziningi ukuhlolwa - ngisho umama esewusana washona, eshiyela indodana yakhe inakekelwa izihlobo. ubaba wazo engakathenjiswa umshado, kodwa ngoba imfundo ithathe lowo wayemthanda ngempela kuye.

Kwakuyini igama ugogo Lermontov sika? Kwaba inamandla-willed owesifazane eqinile, zazo sakhiwa legends owayazi wonke umuntu endaweni, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi endaweni ethile eceleni. Kungani yena ukukwenza? I kungenzeka angafuni waphinda sizikhumbuze, kukuphazamise umzukulu wakhe, owayehlangene indalo. Ngemva kokufa imbongi indima yakhe empilweni yakhe Sizophinda sibuyekezwe. Ngokungangabazeki, le ngxenye mkhulu, ngokuba, eqinisweni, ugogo is hhayi kuphela indawo unina, selibe umngani umsizi Mikhail Yurevich. Kwakuyini igama ugogo Lermontov sika?

Noma yimuphi ubuhle ezibizayo uhlobo inhliziyo

Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva wazalwa ngo 1773. Yena wayemude futhi kunalokho esiyinkinga. Iphinde ayikwazi ngokuthi enhle, kodwa ingqondo futhi ibhizinisi lakhe acumen kungaba umona. Lo gogo imbongi Lermontov ingeyamakhosi Stolypin umndeni abadumile, uyise waqokelwa okuthunyelwe umphathi we esifundazweni Penza. Ngaphezu zomkhaya wakhe Wayenezingane eziyishumi.

Ngo 1795, u-Elizabeth A. wabeletha indodakazi yakhe kuphela uMariya. Ngenxa yezinkinga zakhe zempilo ngoba ingxenye lensikazi umyeni - Michael V - wathandana umakhelwane wakhe, zomninindawo. Kepha owesifazane lo wayengumGreki hhayi khulula, ekugcineni okwaholela isinqumo UMikhail ukuthatha ushevu obulalayo.

Wasala yedwa nendodakazi yakhe, ikusasa ugogo Lermontov, u-Elizabeth A., elilodwa-handedly ukulawula igama okuyinto, kumelwe ngivume, ngaleso sikhathi lalibhekwa abacebile: etholakalayo, khona phose abangamakhulu ayisithupha serfs, eziphathelene nayo ngamagama ashubile. Umonakalo obangelwa futhi amandla okumelana naso kakhulu ebonakaliswa yomdlali eminyakeni eyalandela.

osizi lwasebuntwaneni

Mary M., indodakazi Elizabeth Alekseevna, nishadile nesikhombisa, bafike bazinza Tarkhany ngomzana, kamuva uqambe kabusha ngegama umlobi. Kwakungekhona enamandla kakhulu, ngakho lapho esondela usuku lokuzalwa, umyeni wamthatha eMoscow. Lapho, ebusuku-14 kuya ku-October 15, 1814 wazalwa imbongi esizayo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-October 23 umbhaphathizo uMichael. ugogo Lermontov, u-Elizabeth A., baba ummeli wesifazane yakhe.

Nokuvumelana emkhayeni akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Iqondiswe yizifo lwamakhosi zabesifazane ombangela yokungezwani ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwabazali imbongi esizayo. Bona selehlile nomunye; Yuri Petrovich waqala indaba emfushane, futhi lapho unkosikazi bemphikisa, yamshaya wakhe. Lelo lungiselelo esungulwe emzini wabo. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo isidlulile ku isifo esisha - sofuba. Ngemva kokufa Maria Mikhailovna ngo-1817 ubaba ebuyela izindlu umndeni wakhe, kusale indodana yakhe nogogo wakhe.

Unamandla Elizabeth A. wazama ukwenza konke ngoba umzukulu wakhe. Michael akazange abe impilo eqinile, ahlupheka scrofula. Ekhumbula yokuthi bobabili abalandeli bohlobo lwe-, ugogo Lermontov ifuna ukukunika konke wayekweleta. Ngakho, yena wadedelwa-French Dr. Anselm Lewis, umJuda ngokuzalwa, ngakho wafuna uMichael. Kamuva ebuntwaneni nethonya umbhali Elizabeth Alekseevna kuyobonakala imisebenzi eminingi, efana "sikaKhisimusi" kanye German "Menschen und Leidenschaften". Nokho, abanolwazi Lermontoff unomphela wedwa. Wayengenaso abangane, ontanga, labo ababengaba ama yibani nomqondo ofanayo, ukuthi kungani ecabanga ukuthi ngingajabule futhi ilahleke. Zonke izinto ezamehlela, edlulisela ephepheni, eyagcina wathatha ngesimo elikhanyayo, izinkondlo amadlingozi futhi tindzaba letimfisha.

Imizamo bazithola, izinhlangothi ezimbili kanye ubunjalo Duel ebulalayo

Imbongi esizayo isingumuntu omdala. Nge uyise, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva, ugogo Lermontov sika, ongene isivumelwano lapho ke luthembisa ukwenza lokhu kufundiswe phambi lokuzalwa kwakhe nesithupha. Nokho, wayemthanda kakhulu kangangokuba ngo-umthetho wathonyelwa ukuba angathathi Michael kuye ngokwakhe, ebhekisela olusondelayo yokuguga. Mikhail bavumelana.

Umlobi uhambo. Ngineminyaka engu eCaucasus, kwangqongqoza Petersburg, futhi ukusuka lapho saya laseStavropol futhi Pyatigorsk. Elapho, watholana umhlalaphansi Major UNikolai Martynov. Njengoba avuma kakhulu yinzondo nobugovu, phakathi kwawo njalo kwadingeka ukungavumelani, Lermontov ingabe ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokwenza ihlaya kabi ukuthi uma ukhathazwa Martynov. Ngesicelo zakhe ukuba ziyeke Lermontov waphendula inselele duel.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbhali omthandayo ukudubula. I Duel libelile 27 Julayi, 1841. In the version eyisisekelo, imbongi esingu emoyeni, futhi umphikisi wakhe - esifubeni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, umngcwabo senzeka yomlobi, okuyinto eyabangela inani elikhulu labantu ababemazi. wangcwatshwa baKhe Pyatigorsk. Elizabeth A. badlulisela icala umbusi isicelo sokuhlehlisa ethuneni edolobhaneni Tarkhany, lapho imbongi wachitha eseyingane. Entwasahlobo ka-1842 kwenzeka kwi bazingcwabe kabusha of Lermontov.

Ugogo ukuze uhlale kuze kube phakade

Ngisho nangemva kokufa kwakhe, yena babesekunikeleni yena wakhe othandekayo kumuntu ethuneni uhlala edolobhaneni lakubo. Njengoba igama ugogo Lermontov sika, lona wesifazane eziphikelelayo sokuzidela nokubonisa isibonelo imizwa ukukhanya kweqiniso, elikwaziyo ukuzwa enhliziyweni enothando? Elizabeth A. wehlela emlandweni njengoba yokuqala nowesifazane sokugcina ukuphila imbongi, owachitha yena ukuphakamisa nokulinakekela.

Ukuze wakhe kwaba kuphela kuzo zonke izici. It is kuqashelwe kusuka kuye wayelinde imiyalezo emisha. Ngemuva kwekuba tindzaba sokufa kwakhe, Elizabeth A. akuvumelekile ukusho ngokuzwakalayo igama umzukulu, noma imuphi omunye umlobi sika. Impilo yakhe baye bahlupheka kakhulu, walahlekelwa ukusebenza kwezinyawo zakhe, kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe yena ahlonishwe inkumbulo Mikhail Yurevich.

Elizabeth A. ngasinda cishe wakhe wonke umndeni - indodakazi, umyeni nabazukulu. Washona ngo-1845, wembelwa egumbini umndeni. Ngokungafani izikhumbuzo kanye busts umzukulu elise Pyatigorsk, Penza, Petersburg, Taman Tarkhany, Grozny, Kislovodsk, eMoscow futhi ngisho Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), akuyona lesikhumbuzo.