Kuyini ukushisa ukushaqeka amaprotheni

Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, eziphilayo iphendula le yokukhiqizela uhlobo compounds, eyaziwa ngokuthi "amaprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka". Ngakho abantu abasabela ngayo, ngakho cat bazothini, ngakho noma isiphi isidalwa iyaphendula, kusukela yakhiwa izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana aphilayo. Nokho, akubona kuphela ukwanda lokushisa icuphe synthesis ukushisa ukushaqeka amaprotheni of chlamydia kanye nezinye izilwane. Ngokuvamile avuse isimo ezinzima ukucindezeleka.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Njengoba amaprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka akhiqizwa umzimba kuphela ezimweni ezithile, oFakazi baye banyathelisa eziningi umehluko kusuka uxhumano evamile. Phakathi ukwakheka ngayo ihlukile Inkulumo okusithiyayo eziyisisekelo amaprotheni ichibi elithiwa linendima ebalulekile umzimba.

HSP-70 eukaryotes, prokaryotes DnaK - kuba olunjalo lomkhaya, lapho ososayensi kuhlangene ukushisa ukushaqeka amaprotheni ukuthi zibalulekile ukuze siphile emangqamuzaneni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sibonga compounds ezinjalo iseli kungaba uqhubeke nokusebenza ngisho nasezimweni lapho ukucindezeleka, ukushisa, abezindaba nolaka kuyaphikisana nalokhu. Nokho, lo mkhaya amaprotheni kungenzeka esibandakanyeka uqhubeke e izinqubo evamile.

ngesikhathi ezincane ezingeni Biology

Uma izizinda ncamashí 100%, kanti eukaryotes, prokaryotes ezingaphezu kuka-50% homologous. Ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi uhlobo wonke amaqembu amaprotheni 70 kDa HSP - omunye olandelanayo kakhulu. Abazinikezele kuleli cwaningo enziwa 1988 no-1993. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ungakwazi ukuchaza lomkhuba ngokusebenzisa nombheki ukusebenza esingokwemvelo ukushisa ukushaqeka namaprotheni izindlela intracellular.

Isebenza kanjani?

Uma sicabanga eukaryotes, ngaphansi kwethonya ukushisa ukushaqeka lokungeniswa kwenzeka HSP zofuzo. Uma abanye iseli kugwenywe izimo ezicindezelayo, lapho ke yizici nucleus, cytoplasm njengoba monomers. kwakwakhe okunjalo akuyona esivela DNA umsebenzi esibophezelayo.

Ukuphumelela izimo ukucindezeleka, iseli liziphatha ngale ndlela: Hsp70 is wajinge wanamatsela, okuyinto kubangela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amaprotheni denatured. HSP yakha trimmers, umsebenzi eshintsha uhlamvu yayo kanye kuthintwa DNA, okuholela ekugcineni ekuqongeleleni izingxenyana kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana. Inqubo kuhambisana ukukhula amaningi umbhalo chaperones. Yiqiniso, lesi simo cuphuluza kwesikhathi, futhi ngesikhathi kwenzeka, ka Hsp70 angase ahlangane HSP. Umsebenzi elihlobene ne-DNA, kuza, idilike iseli Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza sengathi akwenzekanga lutho. Lokhu ukulandelana wakwazi ukubonisa kwenzekani ngo-1993 ukwenza izifundo HSP olwenziwa Morimoto. Uma umzimba ufakwa usindwa gciwane ke ukugxila HSP synovium.

Futhi kungani?

Ososayensi ukwazile ukwambula ukuthi HSPs akhiwa ngenxa yethonya ezihlukahlukene negative, kuyingozi ukuphila ezimweni amaseli. Ezicindezelayo amathonya elimazayo evela ngaphandle kungaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa okuholela samuntu efanayo. Ngenxa HSP iseli uyasinda ngaphansi kwethonya izici nolaka.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi HSPs kuthiwa selihlukene laba nemikhaya emithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi batholé ukuthi kukhona amasosha amaprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka. Lesi sigaba ngemacembu HSP wenza kucatshangelwa isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. izigaba ezintathu: 25, 70, 90 kDa. Uma endaweni eziphilayo has a cell ngokuvamile isebenze ke ngaphakathi kuwo bekulokhu kukhona ngokuqinisekile amaprotheni ezahlukene yayihlangana, kunalokho efanayo. HSP Ngenxa denatured amaprotheni curled kahle, angase futhi abe isixazululo. Nokho, ngaphezu lo msebenzi, kukhona abanye kwabanye.

Lokho esikwaziyo futhi yini ukuqagela

Kuze kube manje, amaprotheni ukushisa esekwamukele chlamydia, kanye nezinye HSP, engakaze wafunda ngokuphelele. Yiqiniso, zikhona ezinye amaqembu amaprotheni, ososayensi babe lemali kahle esikhulu idatha, futhi kukhona labo Kusafanele balukhulume. Kodwa manje isayensi ifinyelele ezingeni lapho ulwazi ngeke bathi in Oncology ukushisa ukushaqeka amaprotheni kungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo ngempela, ukuvumela ukunqoba esinye sezifo wayemesaba kakhulu ekhulwini lethu - umdlavuza.

Inani elikhulu idatha ososayensi babe mayelana HSP ka Hsp70, uyakwazi angene ukuxhumana ezihlukahlukene amaprotheni, aqoqa, izakhiwo, ngisho umuntu ongaphilile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhululwa kwenzeka, kulandelwa elibona nxazonke ATP. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isixazululo kuseli iyaphindwa, namaprotheni, zinyanga inqubo efanele coagulation kungase futhi babe sesimeni lo msebenzi. Hydrolysis we ATP kwakwakhe - izindlela ezenza lokhu kwenzeke.

Anomalies namazinga

Kunzima overestimate indima eziphilayo ukufudumeza ukushaqeka amaprotheni. Noma iyiphi iseli njalo ibe namaprotheni atholakala normal kabani lokuhlushwa ongasukuma uma kukhona bangaphandle kule kwesisekelo. Indaba yoqobo - it is okweqile noma ukuthonya ukutheleleka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba liqhubeka iseli msebenzi esiphuthumayo ukukhiqiza imali enkulu HSP. Kuvulwa umbhalo indlela ukuthi omula ukukhiqizwa amaprotheni, yeseli avumelane nemibandela ekushintsheni Sizoqhubeka nokusebenza. Nokho, kanye izindlela eyaziwa kakade, kuningi okusadingeka wathola. Ikakhulukazi, insimu enjalo elikhulu umsebenzi ososayensi omzimba amaprotheni ukushisa esekwamukele chlamydia.

HSP, lapho iketango polypeptide siyakhuphuka, futhi bazithola ezimweni ukuthi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ujoyine naye ngokuqondene ugwema wokuhlanganisa nonspecific nokwehliswa. Kunalokho, ukusonga yenzeka operation evamile lapho kuhileleke chaperones ezidingekayo kule nqubo. Hsp70 kuyinto eminye edingekayo lapho ukwembuleka polypeptide ngamaketanga ne kweqhaza Apr. Ngokusebenzisa HSP bungatholakala ukuthi ezindaweni ze-non-polar nazo ehlaselwe enzyme.

HSP nemithi

Ososayensi FMBA Russia bakwazi ukwakha umuthi omusha, usebenzisa i-ke ukwakha iprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka. A ikhambi umdlavuza, okwethulwa nabasebenzi bocwaningo, sesivele sidlulile ukuqinisekisa lesekucaleni namagundane laboratory itheleleke nge sarcomas, melanoma. Lezi ucwaningo kwenza kwaba lula ukusho la mazwi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isinyathelo esibalulekile nilwa nomdlavuza.

Ososayensi baye basikisela futhi bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka - umuthi, ikakhulukazi, kungase laba isisekelo segama isidakamizwa ngempumelelo, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi la mangqamuzana akhiwa ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Njengoba ekuqaleni ezivezwa umzimba ukuqinisekisa cell okusinda, kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi uma inhlanganisela efanele neminye imithi zingalawulwa ngisho ne isimila.

HSPs ukusiza izidakamizwa kubonakele ku amaseli umzimba onesifo utheleleke futhi ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi incorrectness DNA kuzo. Kukholakala ukuthi kungaba khona ikhambi elisha kuyoba ngokulinganayo ngempumelelo nganoma yisiphi subtype izifo ebulalayo. Kwazwakala njengomoya omkhulu inganekwane, kodwa odokotela hamba nakakhulu - Basikisela ukuthi ikhambi izotholakala kunoma yisiphi isigaba sha. Ngiyavuma, iprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka kusukela umdlavuza lapho kudlule konke ukuvivinywa bese uqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwakho, ukuba kuyoba kwempahla ngendlela ebalulekile impucuko womuntu.

Nokwelapha

Ulwazi enemininingwane kakhulu ngethemba wokuphila emkhakheni wamuva wezokwelapha wathi Dr. Simbirtsev, omunye kulabo ababesebenza ukuthuthukisa izidakamizwa. Kusukela ingxoxo yakhe kungaqondakala, ngalokho logic ososayensi baye bakha izidakamizwa futhi indlela ukuletha ukusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphetho kungenziwa shi, wayesekhona kakade iprotheni noma zokwelapha ukushisa shock kuseza.

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, uma umzimba akusho ukusinda izimo ezicindezelayo, kanti ukukhiqizwa SB kwenzeka nomqulu omncane kakhulu, kodwa kwandisa kakhulu nge ushintsho ithonya zangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umzimba abajwayelekile ayikwazi ukukhiqiza ukuthi inani ukushisa ukushaqeka amaprotheni, okwakuyosiza esingalwenza uvele umdlavuza. "Futhi kwenzekani uma HSP kusukela ngaphandle?" - ososayensi umcabango benza lo mbono njengesisekelo esifundweni.

Indlela kufanele asebenze?

Ukwakha umuthi omusha, ososayensi e-lab lokuphinda konke okudingeka baphile amangqamuzana aqala ukukhiqiza HSP. Ukuze lokhu etholwe womuntu isakhi sofuzo cloning lukhuthazelela uma usebenzisa imishini yesimanje. I-bacterium ihlolwe laboratories, ziye zashintsha kuze ungakaqali ukukhiqiza azo athandwayo siqu for amaprotheni abacwaningi.

Ososayensi ngesisekelo ulwazi etholakale kulolu cwaningo bafinyelela eziphethweni umphumela HSP emzimbeni womuntu. Ngenxa yalesi kwakudingekile ukuba ahlele ukuhlaziya-X-ray isakhiwo amaprotheni. Kwenze akulula: kwakudingekile ukuthumela amasampuli emzileni iplanethi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimo zasemhlabeni ayifanele elungile, ukuthuthukiswa umfaniswano zinhlayiya. Kodwa izimo isikhala ukuvumela ukukhiqizwa ngokunembile labo zinhlayiya, okuyinto eyayidingeka ukuze ososayensi. Ekubuyeleni ekhaya iplanethi amasampula zabo zokuhlola yahlukaniswa phakathi ososayensi Japanese futhi Russian ezathatha i ucwaningo lwabo, bethi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngomzuzwana.

Bafumana?

Nakuba umsebenzi kule ndawo lusaqhubeka. Ummeleli we iqembu lososayensi wathi kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ayothola: abukho ubudlelwano ngqo phakathi HSP-molecule nogwali noma izicubu njengesidalwa eziphilayo. Futhi elikushoyo jikelele. Ngakho, uma iprotheni ukushisa ukushaqeka uthola isicelo kwezokwelapha, iyoba panacea ngokuqondile lenqwaba izifo - noma isitho noma ihlaselwe umdlavuza, sizokwazi ukwelapha.

Ekuqaleni, ososayensi baye benza izidakamizwa ewuketshezi - Guinea iqondiswa injective. Njengoba kwanyatheliswa amakhophi okuqala ukuqinisekisa izimali athathwa khona amagundane. It wakwazi ukubonisa izimo sokuphulukiswa kokubili kokuqala ezigabeni kamuva lesi sifo. Isigaba samanje ibizwa ngokuthi uvivinyo pre-emtholampilo. Ososayensi balinganisela isikhathi ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo okungenani ngonyaka. Ngemva kwalokho ayovela zokwelapha. Ezimakethe wenkundla entsha, mhlawumbe ikhambi, izotholakala ngisho nangemva 3-4 iminyaka. Nokho, njengoba abacwaningi baphawula, kungcono ngempela kuphela esimweni lapho iphrojekthi luzo luzosiza ngezimali.

Ukulinda noma cha ukulinda?

Yiqiniso, odokotela athembisa uzwakale ezikhangayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imbangela yangempela bangabethembi. Singakanani isikhathi isintu enesifo somdlavuza, kanjani izisulu eziningi kule isifo ubelokhu emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, futhi manje athembisa hhayi kuphela umuthi ngempumelelo, kodwa panacea real - kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, noma ngasiphi isigaba. Kodwa kungenzeka kanjani ukuba na? Futhi nakakhulu - ukukukholelwa, kodwa musa ngilinde, kodwa kuvela ukuthi zonke izindlela akuyona kwafana kulindeleke, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo othenjisiwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa zomuthi - inqubo ye-genetic engineering, okungukuthi emkhakheni eziphambili kakhulu ekwelapheni njengoba isayensi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ne impumelelo ngenxa Imiphumela ngempela kufanele kube umxhwele. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo kusho ukuthi le nqubo eqolo kakhulu. Njengomthetho, abatshalizimali uzimisele ukudela ngempela kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ethembisa, kodwa lapho lodaba uba phezulu kangangokuthi, nengcindezi enkulu, kodwa Uhlaka isikhathi ngempela esilufifi, izingozi ahlolwa njengencenye omkhulu. Manje umsindo izibikezelo ukuthi ayemakhulu amathemba ababenawo 3-4 iminyaka, kodwa ochwepheshe emakethe kahle kangaki nesikhathi esishiwo ukukhasa emashumini.

Ngokumangalisayo, ngendlela emangalisayo ... noma ingabe?

I-biotechnology - endaweni ivalelwe ongelutho ukuqonda. Ngakho-ke, owukuphela kwethemba igama elithi "nokulingwa preclinical yimpumelelo." igama Operating izidakamizwa wathola "ukushisa ukushaqeka amaprotheni". Nokho, HSP - kungcono kuphela Isakhi esiyinhloko izidakamizwa, uthembisa ukuba intuthuko emakethe izidakamizwa yokulwa nomdlavuza. Ngaphandle kwakhe, ukwakheka senzelwe ukubandakanya futhi eziningi izakhi iyobalethela ukusebenza kwezimali. Futhi konke lokhu kwakunokwenzeka ngoba ucwaningo yakamuva HSP wabonisa ukuthi i-molecule ye akusho nje ukusiza ukuvikela amaseli umonakalo ophilayo, kodwa futhi uhlobo amasosha omzimba ngoba "umunwe ezikhomba" ukuze lisize lapho amaseli emangazwe isimila, futhi yiziphi akuzona. Ngamafuphi nje, nge ukubukeka komzimba lokuhlushwa ngokwanele eliphezulu HSP, ososayensi banethemba lokuthi, ukuzivikela komzimba ngokwawo ukubhubhisa izakhi onesifo.

Ithemba bese ulinda

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi entsha anti-isimila esekelwe yokuthi umzimba ngokwawo has a ithuluzi ozokugiriza isimila, nje uhlobo kuba buthaka kakhulu. Ubuningi lincane kangangokuthi mayelana nanoma yisiphi nomphumela oqabulayo futhi akudingeki ukuba dream. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye HSP kumaseli engabathinti isimila, futhi omunye-molecule ngeke 'ashiye'. Ngakho-ke, ukulethwa okwakufuneka kuma-ejenti nenzuzo evela ngaphandle - ukuthi ithonya somyalelo okwengeziwe izinto abathintekayo. Phela, ngesikhathi ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngisho imiphumela emibi izidakamizwa ngeke babe - futhi kuba ngesikhathi ukusebenza omkhulu onjalo! Futhi ukuchaza lokhu "magic" ukuthi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa - akukho ubuthi. Nokho, uzobe iziphetho yokugcina ezenziwe lapho ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi emitholampilo siphele, okuyinto kuzodinga okungenani ngonyaka.