Kuyini sendawo futhi "lokho akudlayo?"

Impendulo yombuzo ukuthi sekuphenduke umkhuba ngokuma kwezwe, isibonelo, thola kuyoba nzima kakhulu, kodwa kungcono ujike biology futhi ucabangele lo mqondo kuthabathela ecaleni begazi.

Incazelo, incazelo, sendawo

Ngokuthi sendawo zinhlobo - abameleli kokubili yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezihlala ezindaweni sasivumela isehlane noma ezindaweni elinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile lezi zindawo yibo yizici zemvelo noma ezindawo abahlukene lonke izwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni idatha zinezikhathi izindawo alondolozwe, okungukuthi labo lapho izimo zaba khona kwezinhlobo sendawo akukashintshi isikhathi eside.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi ebanzi womuntu eziningi zezinto eziphilayo lanamuhla zezitshalo nezilwane ezihambayo sesigabeni ezingavamile noma sendawo, okukhuthaza abantu ukuba ukusungula amapaki kazwelonke futhi alondoloza ukuze sokugcina nokwandisa labantu izilwane ezisele. Humanity kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini sekuphenduke umkhuba ukuba ikusasa lethu. Lezi zilwane ngaphezulu yethulwe esigabeni sendawo, kulapho silinganisele yazo, izilwane kanye nezitshalo ukuhlela amakoloni ukufana.

Ukwahlukaniswa endemics

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le zilwane sendawo ezihlala ensimini ka ezingwadule eyodwa kuphela (zama-welwitschia emangalisayo, okuyinto lukhula kuphela Lasogwadule LwaseNamibia Esibamba Amanzi Ugwadule), kwesinye isiqhingi noma omunye yokhalo (kukhona zenyathi umzwilili oqhubeka uphila olulodwa entabeni Chimborazo, elise-Ningizimu Melika), ngokuthi uzkoendemichnymi. Ukuze ekugcineni baqonde ukuthi sekuphenduke umkhuba, kumele ayejwayele ngezigaba eziyisisekelo, lapho zilwane ezinjalo zihlukaniswe neoendemics (okuqhubekayo sendawo) kanye paleoendemikov (relict sendawo).

Neoendemics ngokuthi taxa yemvelo efana (zinhlobo), okuyinto ithuthukiswe parallel "ekhaya" yalo, kodwa endaweni engayodwa, isibonelo e eziqhingini ezikude kusukela amazwekazi. Ngokwesibonelo, e Madagascar 65% yezimila siqukethe zilwane sendawo, eHawaii, inombolo yabo lenyuka ku-90%. Futhi, lezi zihlanganisa ezinye zezinhlanzi abahlala eCrimea, phezu kolwandle, eSeychelles, esiqhingini Saint Helena, eBritish Isles, njll Futhi-ke, ungakhuluma kanjani ngalokho sekuphenduke umkhuba, uma ingasaphathwa abameleli eyaziwa kakhulu ..: kangaroo koalas. Eza ku infraclass ukuthi uhlala kuphela e-Australia.

Paleoendemikami zohlobo olulodwa abonakala ngenxa yokuqothulwa sekuyaphela wabo ku izingxenye ezinkulu amabanga zabo zangaphambili. Izinsalela lezi abameleli lasendulo ngasinda, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani wabo obuphelele kusukela esithuthuke kabanzana. Relict zilwane sendawo ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi izinsalela zamathambo ophilayo, ngoba yizona ezimelela amaqembu amadala, ababephila eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Lezi zihlanganisa fish crossopterygian (coelacanth) klyuvogolovye ezihuquzelayo (Tuatara), izingwenya, crab ukhamba, lungfish (protopter) monotremes (enesihlungu platypus) futhi t. D.

sendawo of America

I-Nyakatfo Melika kuyinto ukwehlukana kwayo zezinto eziphilayo sendawo ufanelwe ukuqashelwa. Omunye zinhlobo liyabonakala kakhulu izitshalo okuqondene okunjalo futhi itholakala ensimini ka-United States, kuyinto Sequoia isihlahla giant, abameleli ngabanye zazo abendawo baye okuthiwa ngisho amagama abo. Ngu the zinhlobo plant sendawo sihlanganisa zikaphayini Balfour, tansy Huron, pachycormus discolor ezimibalabala, Obregon de Negri futhi t. D. Kusukela nezilwane zomhlaba sendawo eNyakatho Melika bungabonakala ihlathi inyathi, cougar, American black bear, Mississippi lwengwenya, kanye bullfrog (sifinyelela ubude 20 cm) kanye California Condor.

IBaikal - iparele eSiberia

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi sekuphenduke umkhuba iChibi iBaikal, sidinga inothi kuphela ukuthi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kuleli chibi ngo-65% siqukethe zilwane sendawo. Ngakho, kusukela 2600 iyikhaya zinhlobo futhi zenyathi kancane kuka 1,000 taxa, mayelana 95 izizukulwane, emindenini mayelana 10 bangamalungu emhlabeni sekuphenduke umkhuba. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke iChibi iBaikal endemics kungenziwa ngokuthi iBaikal uphawu (uphawu), omunye kuphela angenasawoti zinhlobo uphawu emhlabeni. Iphinde zihlanganisa echibini zilwane sendawo kanye nemindeni: golomyanka, zheltokrylye (izinhlanzi olwandle olujulile) omul Baikalian (Salmonidae umndeni) epishura Baikalian (ezinamagobolondo, ukufinyelela ubukhulu isilinganiso mayelana 1.5-2 mm) kanye, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uphawu Baikalian.