Kuyini global positioning?

Namuhla, cishe akekho umuntu ongakaze ezwe GPS. Nokho, ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi kuyini, akuyona neze. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini kuyinto Positioning System global, okuyindawo senziwa futhi kusebenza kanjani.

indaba

I navigation system GPS iyingxenye Navstar eziyinkimbinkimbi, ithuthukiswe futhi eziqhutshwa yi US Department of Defence. iphrojekthi eziyinkimbinkimbi waqala ukusebenza ngo-1973. Futhi ngasekuqaleni kuka-1978, ngemva kokubhala isivivinyo yimpumelelo, thina wasungula. Ngo-1993, 24 iziphuphutheki, esehlanganise ngokuphelele ebusweni iplanethi yethu Sekuqaliswe emhlabeni Earth. Kwaqubuka impi yombango yase-inethiwekhi Navstar yaziwa ngokuthi i-GPS, okusho Global Positoning System ( «-Global Positioning System").

Isinqe salo siqukethe iziphuphutheki, okuyinto ukuhambisa emikhondweni isiyingi eziyisithupha orbit. Ububanzi kubo nje amamitha nengxenye, futhi ubude - kancane engaphezu kwemihlanu. Isisindo kulokhu komyalelo wokungabi amane namashumi ayisishiyagalombili amakhilogramu. Bonke ahlinzeke ukusebenza okugcwele nganoma yingasiphi iplanethi yethu.

Monitoring Kwenziwa esiteshini master nokulawula Colorado. Kukhona Schriever Air Force Base - wamashumi omahlanu uxhumano cosmic.

Emhlabeni, kukhona iziteshi ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi zenzelwe ukulandelela. Ziyakwazi phezu Ascension Island, Hawaii, Kwajalein, Diego Garcia, Colorado Springs, eCape Canaveral nakwezinye izindawo, inani okuyinto likhula minyaka yonke. Lonke ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela kubo icutshungulwe esiteshini main. Kulayishwa idatha kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo wenza njalo ngemva kwamahora amabili nane.

uhlelo satellite, nesebenzela ngaphansi kokulawula US DOD - global okunjalo ukuma. Isebenza kuzo zonke izimo zezulu bese njalo ngokudlulisa ulwazi.

Umgomo we operation

GPS Global positioning system zisekelwe zingxenye ezilandelayo:

• trilateration satellite;
• lemetry satellite;
• eqondile inkomba sikhathi;
• indawo;
• ukulungiswa.

Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngaphansi ukubala trilateration libhekisela idatha ibanga satellites ezintathu, sibonga okuyinto nokwenzeka ukubala indawo iphuzu elithile.

Njengoba buhluka kusho ibanga iziphuphutheki ezibalelwa isignali yomsakazo esiphelweni isikhathi kusuka ukuba owamukelayo ne ijubane lokukhanya. Ukuze sithole isikhathi elakhiwe ikhodi PRN lapho umamukeli uyakwazi ukukhiya yisiphi isikhathi ukubambezeleka.

Lesi sibalo okulandelayo kubonisa kwencika ngqo kwi ukunemba kwewashi. Satellites ezisebenza iwashi le-athomu, ukunemba okuyinto elilodwa nanosecond. Nokho, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme, azisetshenziswa yonke indawo.

I iziphuphutheki zitholakala endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka amabini anamahlanu amawaka kusukela Earth, kakhulu ngendlela edingekayo ukuze ukuzinza ezinyakazayo esemkhathini futhi ukusikwa emoyeni ukumelana.

Lapho-Global Positioning System emhlabeni wenza amaphutha kukhona Ezingalapheki. Lokhu kungenxa isiginali edabula iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva futhi ionosphere, lapho ijubane kuyehla, okuholela ukwehluleka izilinganiso.

Izingxenye yangokwesiko uhlelo

Kunemithi eminingi-Global Positioning System kanye GIS izicelo amamephu. Siyabonga kubo, idatha kwendawo ikhiqizwa futhi olusha ngokushesha. Izingxenye zalezi imikhiqizo GPS-abamukelayo, isofthiwe futhi isitoreji idatha.

Bona abamukelayo bayakwazi ukwenza iimbalo zibe nge imvamisa esingaphansi yesibili kanye ukunemba amashumi amasentimitha kuze kube ngamamitha amahlanu, obusayo imodi umehluko. Yehluka nomunye ngosayizi, inkumbulo umthamo kanye nenombolo iziteshi yokulandelela.

Nakuba umuntu emi endaweni eyodwa noma uhamba, owamukelayo uthola zimpawu kusuka iziphuphutheki futhi wenze ukubala indawo yayo. Ezenye ibekwa njengezinto uhlela esibukweni.

Abalawuli kukhona amakhompyutha ephathekayo usebenze ngaphansi kokulawula kwe-software adingekayo iqoqo idatha. Software ilawula umamukeli iyunithi. I ngemoto zinobukhulu obungalinganiko kanye nezinhlobo zedatha ukurekhoda.

uhlelo ngamunye ifakwe software. Ngemuva kokuthi ulayishe ulwazi kusuka idrayivu kukhompyutha, uhlelo kwandisa ukunemba idatha usebenzisa processing indlela ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukulungisa umehluko". Software Ziveza idatha. Ezinye zazo kungenziwa ukuhlelwa ngesandla, ezinye - ukuphrinta nokunye.

GPS global positioning - izinhlelo ezikhuthaza ukuqoqwa kolwazi okufakwayo ku yolwazi kanye ne-software ithumela kwamanye amazwe ukuba uhlelo GIS.

ukulungiswa umehluko

Le ndlela kakhulu ngcono ukunemba idatha kuqoqwe. Ngakho omunye abamukelayo likalwa ezingeni iphuzu izixhumanisi kanye neminye imininingwane izinombolo bakuphi engaziwa.

ukulungiswa Ukwahlukaniswa luyasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili.

• Okokuqala - real-time umehluko ukulungiswa, okuyinto kubalwa kanye ngokukhishwa iphutha esiteshini eyinhloko satellite ngamunye. idatha Refined ziqondakala odlala mobile elibonisa ngedatha elungisiwe.
• Okwesibili - umehluko ukulungiswa eposini - kwenzeka uma esiteshini main ilandisa ukulungiswa ngqo ifayela kukhompyutha yakho. Ifayela yasekuqaleni icutshungulwe elinendawo ke kujika differentially ukulungiswa.

Trimble yangokwesiko uhlelo olukwazi usebenzisa zombili izindlela. Ngakho, uma imodi real-time iphazamisekile, sisengakwazi ukuyisebenzisa okuthunyelwe.

isicelo

GPS asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Global Positioning System ku-phansi kabanzi emkhakheni ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, lapho izazi zokuma komhlaba, izazi zezinto eziphilayo, Abanakekeli bamahlathi, zokuma kwendawo nezazi ukuzisebenzisela ukuqoshwa umphako ulwazi olwengeziwe. Libuye endaweni ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuhlaliswa emnothweni zasemadolobheni, lapho kulawulwa traffic futhi izinhlelo zikamasipala.

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi-Global Positioning System-GPS-wathola kwezolimo, echaza, isibonelo, amasimu ethile. Emkhakheni wezingalo social sciences, mlando nabavubukuli ukuzisebenzisela navigation kanye nokubhaliswa Izindawo zomlando.

Ububanzi GPS yangokwesiko izinhlelo akugcini lapho. Zingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi enye izicelo ezidinga izixhumanisi eqondile, isikhathi kanye neminye imininingwane.

GPS-umamukeli

Lesi samukeli umsakazo, ukuthi inquma izixhumanisi indawo antenna esekelwe ulwazi mayelana isikhathi kubambezela amasignali omsakazo Navstar kusuka iziphuphutheki.

Izilinganiso akhiwa nge ukunemba amamitha amathathu kuya kwamahlanu, futhi uma kukhona yengeza izitshengiselo ezivela kwamanye esiteshini phansi - elilodwa milimitha. GPS-amatilosi for commerce ku amasampula ubudala une-ukunemba ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha, kodwa abasha - up ngamamitha amathathu.

Ngesisekelo GPS-abamukelayo ekhiqizwa abagawuli, GPS-zomsebenzi ne-GPS-amatilosi.

Imishini kungaba umsebenzisi nezobuchwepheshe. Eyesibili ezahlukene izinga izindlela, amaza, izinhlelo navigation futhi intengo.

Custom abamukelayo bayakwazi ukutshela ngqo indawo, isikhathi, engamamitha, isiqondiso, esabekwa umsebenzisi, ijubane samanje ulwazi komgwaqo. Ulwazi ukuboniswa efonini noma kwikhompyutha lapho idivayisi enamathiselwe.

GPS-amatilosi: amabalazwe

Amamephu Itilosi ukwanda izinga. Ziyakwazi Vector kanye raster izinhlobo.

idatha izinto zigcinwa inguqulo Vector, indawo kanye neminye imininingwane. Abakwazi wabeka izici sezwe futhi izinhlobo eziningi izinto zemvelo, ezifana namahhotela, amagalaji, izindawo zokudla, njalo njalo. E., Njengoba zingenalo izithombe isikhala kancane futhi ukusebenza ngokushesha.

Raster izinhlobo - elula kakhulu. Zimelela umfanekiso indawo kwendawo. It zingenziwa ngesethelayithi isithombe noma ibalazwe uhlobo ephepheni - isikeni.

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo navigation systems, umsebenzisi ukuqedela izinto zabo.

GPS-zomsebenzi

ama-apharathasi okunjalo umsakazo ethola ithola futhi adlulisele idatha ukuqapha ethungatha ukunyakaza lezinto ezihlukahlukene, lapho kuxhunywe. Kuhlanganisa umamukeli, izixhumanisi sokunquma, futhi Transmitter ukuthi uzithumela umsebenzisi ngesikhathi akude.

GPS-zomsebenzi yilezi:

• siqu, wasebenzisa ngamunye;
• komgwaqo, exhunywe kwi-autonet ugibelile.

Zisetshenziswa ukucacisa indawo lezinto ezihlukahlukene (abantu, izimoto, izilwane, izimpahla nokunye).

Against kungenzeka lezi amadivaysi esetshenziswa isignali ezivimbela izindlela obumba ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi labo amaza lapho Tracker usebenza.

GPS-logger

Lezi imisakazo ungasebenza izindlela ezimbili:

• Ezivamile GPS-umamukeli;
• logger, ukuqopha kwimemori indlela ulwazi, eye sekudlule.

Zingaba:

• ephathekayo, ifakwe obujwayelekile battery elincane elishajekayo;
• imoto, inikwa amandla yi-inethiwekhi ugibelile.

Ngo onobuhle yesimanje idatha abagawuli ukuqoshwa kungenzeka kuze kube amaphuzu ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili. Liphinde ezihlongozwayo ukumaka noma yimuphi iphuzu endleleni yayo.

Amadivayisi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezokuvakasha, ezemidlalo, yokulandelela, imephu, ohlola nokunye.

global positioning namuhla

Ngokolwazi ngenhla singaphetha ngokuthi izinhlelo ezifana kakade ukusetshenziswa yonke indawo, futhi kwenkululeko isicelo ivame ukuba zisabalele.

global positioning ihlanganisa emkhakheni ukusetshenziswa. Ukusebenzisa emisha zakamuva zobuchwepheshe kwenza uhlelo omunye ethandwa kakhulu kulesi sigaba emakethe.

Kanye GPS GLONASS Russian isakhiwa eYurophu - uGalileo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo global positioning akuyona ngaphandle nemiphumela ethile engathandeki. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-efulethini kwagcizelela izakhiwo eziphakeme zikakhonkolo, emhubheni noma engaphansi ukucacisa indawo eqondile akunakwenzeka. I reception evamile kungaphazamisa iziphepho magnetic nemithombo umsakazo, okuyizinto emhlabathini. navigation amabalazwe zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi ngokushesha.

I ethile enkulu wukuthi uhlelo bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni US Department of Defence, okungase nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, vumela noma vimbela thuthuva yomphakathi jikelele. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphezu global positioning system GPS kanye GLONASS, uGalileo nayo isakhiwa.