Kuyini arboretums futhi Botanical izingadi

Sivame uvakashele epakini ukuze uphumule, ukubaleka okumatasa futhi Gxila isimo esizolile futhi enokuthula. Kodwa kungadalwa hhayi kuphela ukuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa, kodwa futhi, isibonelo, ube focus ucwaningo. Amapaki ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, ezifana zomlando, etshalwe, isikhumbuzo, kodwa lesi sihloko sizoxoxa mayelana Arboretum futhi Botanical izingadi. Ake sibheke inhloso yabo kanye nomlando.

Arboretums: Definition

"Arboretum" kusho YesiGreki "isihlahla." Igama Lesi'Latin ngabe kuzwakale "Arboretum". Arboretum - indawo ye Arboretum, okuyinto senzelwe ukungcebeleka komphakathi. Le ndawo kugcinelwe kulinywe yayo evulekile izitshalo emhlabathini bok, okuyinto ezibekwe ngezizathu ezithile, njenge zokuhlobisa nokuma kwezwe. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi iningi Arboretum kukhona izingadi zezimila, kodwa kungase kube amayunithi ezimele. Arboretum yaqala ukubonakala ngokuqondene ukuthuthukiswa mkhakha wezitshalo njengoba dendrology.

Phawula Arboretum nge iqoqo ezihlukahlukene iningi lezihlahla ezikhona: Sochi, amaHlathi Engineering Academy Petersburg, kanye Main Botanical Garden RAS (eMoscow). Phesheya nezibonelo amapaki ezilandelayo: Arboretum Kornik basePoland, Arboretum at Kew (eduze neLondon), i-Arboretum ka Nikitsky Botanical Garden eCrimea. Arboretum ungase ube focus ewumngcingo, okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezithile izitshalo zingatshalwa kubo. Lokhu kungaba siringarii (ngokukhethekile okhulayo lilac) populetumy (Poplar) noma koniferetumy Pinar (coniferous) frutitsetumy (nezihlahla) vititsetumy (Creeper).

Kukhona umthetho ezivamile kubo bonke arboreta: zonke nezihlahla elise nsuku ehlelekile. Okungukuthi, labo abangabakaKristu uhlobo lwe esifanayo, ngeke itshalwe ku ukuhlukanisa isayithi. Ukuvakashela Arboretum, ungakwazi bajwayelane nezwe emangalisayo izitshalo, ezisengcupheni noma ayisekho yendalo.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Umuthi emhlabeni simila siye njalo matasa indima ebalulekile, njengoba kulo lonke emlandweni wesintu, leso esiye saletha izinzuzo ezinkulu abantu. Ngekhulu le-18 umsebenzi ku dendrology, kodwa nje libonise incazelo izimpawu zangaphandle izitshalo. Kamuva, ososayensi baqala ukwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana acclimatization zezihlahla, ukufunda zofuzo zabo, kanye ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa isingeniso - ukwethulwa izitshalo kulezo zindawo ezingesiyo eziyizici endaweni yazo.

Imisebentiluhlolo ezibhekene lezi zinkampani

Arboretums futhi izingadi zezimila zihlobene ngokuqondile amazwe ezindaweni avikelwe ngokukhethekile. Ziyakwazi wodwana ezindaweni ezivikelekile, lapho kukhona isitshalo kumaqoqo abalulekile ukuze ikhulise flora zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukufeza ukufundisa, ucwaningo kanye tinhlelo tekufinyelela ebantfwini. Kulezi ejensi kwemvelo ukuthuthukisa elisekela yesayensi landscape izakhiwo, ukulima Ornamental, ingadi, ukwethulwa izitshalo zasendle namasiko, ukuze zivikelwe izinambuzane nezifo, nokuningi.

Umbuso wezomthetho arboretums futhi Botanical izingadi

Ake sibheke ukuthi ubani elawulwa kula masimu. Land lapho kukhona izingadi zezimila kanye arboretums zidluliselwa njalonjalo izikhungo ezithile. Phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo zihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezahlukene obusebenzayo: setfulo, ezesayensi, zokuhlola kanye nezokuphatha.

izikhumbuzo Natural, arboretums, izingadi zezimila abe ekhethekile umbuso kwezomthetho. Okokuqala osungulwe isinqumo soMthetho woHulumeni Russian lezidumbu esiphezulu Russian Federation ngesiphakamiso we zikahulumeni ogunyaziwe emkhakheni lokuvikela imvelo.

Labo zinengxenye umhlaba iziza, okuyizinto izikhumbuzo imvelo ngubani, kukhona bebophekile ukuba bafeze imisebenzi ukuqinisekisa umbuso ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile. izingadi Botanical and arboretums kukhona kokubili aphoyintimenti lesifunda nokazwelonke. Ezindaweni zakhona akuvunyelwe imisebenzi ukuthi abaxhunyiwe ukusebenza imisebenzi yabo futhi kungaba kukhinyabeze ubuqotho lezinto ezimibalabala.

Isibonelo Arboretum adumile e-Russia

Dendrological, amapaki Botanical futhi izingadi zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe. Iningi labo eRussia. Isibonelo esihle epaki enjalo kungenziwa ngokuthi Sochi Arboretum, oyingxenye ye -Sochi National Park. Yena, njengezinye izinto ezifanayo, uba umgcini Green Collection. Akhiwe enhliziyweni the resort, njengoba indawo omangalisayo flora exotic nezilwane. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1,700 zama-kwemithi nezihlahla, okuyinto kuqoqwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Sochi Arboretum nge izakhiwo yalo yayenziwe, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kanye nemithombo libukeka omuhle wobuciko. Wabonakala ku resort eningizimu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi ngo-50s kwekhulu elidlule seliphinde lakhiwa. Okwamanje, epaki itshalwe ezingaphezu kuka 2 ayizinkulungwane zinhlobo abameleli flora emhlabeni. Sekuyisikhathi eside afakwe uhlelo uhambo iningi izivakashi. Kuyinto umbuso ezishisayo Kugcizelela ne ezihlukahlukene yayo izitshalo exotic eziqhakaza ngisho ebusika. Akukude, e-Adler wesifunda, futhi itholakala Arboretum "isiko Wik".

Kuyini engadini Botanical?

Ngokusho incazelo, okwakunginika engadini Botanical International Botanic Gardens, kuba inhlangano eye bodokotela amaqoqo izitshalo ophilayo, ezisetshenziswa ngenhloso yocwaningo, kanye izinqubo zemfundo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezimila imiboniso ethulwa therein. Okunye definition uthi engadini Botanical - endaweni eluhlaza, wadala ngenhloso abalwe ngenhla. Lokho kukhona umehluko ukuhunyushwa kwalesi mqondo kuphela yokuthi ibizwa ngokuthi insimu noma inhlangano.

Ngo isethulo lanamuhla yilo Leligama kwakusho ngokukhethekile evikelwe ngesakhiwo ezisemadolobheni komhlaba, esekelwe izinsiza okuyizinto izingadi landscaped, green iqoqo bodokotela. Ngesikhathi izingadi zezimila ngokuvamile usebenza zokugcina, kuyo, herbaria, indawo kanye neminyango zemfundo.

Iqoqo le-Main Botanical Garden, lapho itholakala e Moscow, kukhona izinhlobo eziningi izitshalo ezivela emazweni yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe ukuthi akuzona ngokushesha bakwazi ukujwayela isimo sezulu engavamile ngabo.

Lapho siqala Botanical Garden?

Ingadi lokuqala Botanical sidalwe ekhulwini XIV emzini Italy of Salerno, okuyinto wayedume Ephakathi, esikoleni endala yezokwelapha yaseYurophu. Omunye odokotela abadumile ke kwaba Matthaeus Silvaticus, owayekhona naye isazi sezitshalo. Ngalezo zinsuku, umthombo oyinhloko izidakamizwa babe izitshalo ezahlukene.

Lo muntu wokuqala wathola engadini Botanical: kuba abafundi esikhathini esizayo ayeyoba udokotela, azijwayeze izitshalo zokwelapha. Igama wanikwa behlonipha unkulunkulukazi wamaRoma ngokuhlakanipha - "Garden of Minerva". Useye waba endaweni lapho eqala ukukhuluphala izitshalo ngenhloso ngokwesayensi. Lezi izingadi Kamuva lasakazekela Italy, bese uvele kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ekuqaleni baqhubeka orientation wezokwelapha, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukudaleka, futhi eminye imigomo.

Umsebenzi we izingadi zezimila

Ezweni lethu, engadini lokuqala Botanical ubonakele ngaphansi uPetru mina, okungukuthi ku 1706. It yadalwa sikhule izitshalo zokwelapha kulo, futhi igama ugcizelela umnqopho wayo kuphela - "Pharmaceutical Garden". Kodwa njengoba wayeqhubeka kanye nemisebenzi zemfundo. Khona-ke inkosi watshala insimu e larch, * nomthidari, sonwele ukuze izivakashi angabona ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwabo.

izingadi zezimila avikelekile izindawo zemvelo kanye nezikhungo ngokwesayensi. endaweni yabo ihlukaniswe yaba imikhakha ehambisana esishintshashintshayo ezithile zezulu. Kulabo izitshalo ezingeke sizakhele endle, ukwakha abamba ukushisa, lapho izimo ezifanele zidalwe. Njengoba izikhungo zezemfundo, izingadi zezimila imisebenzi elandelayo: cwaningo isitshalo kanye nokulondolozwa zezinyoni ezingavamile. Lapho lezi zikhungo amaqoqo herbarium umtapo izincwadi wezitshalo, kukhona indawo neminyango.

IChina engadini ngobukhulu Botanical, ngokwezinga zensimu okuyinto emangalisayo. It ewela imifula 13, kukhona izintaba nezigodi. Esikhathini Nikita Botanical Gardens, esemgwaqweni enhlonhlweni eCrimea, ezikhulayo womuthi womnqumo, ogama yobudala eseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2000. Kodwa engadini esikhulu kunazo Botanical eYurophu iyona engadini main Botanical okuthiwa N. V Tsitsina Russian Academy of Sciences (eMoscow). Iphuzu esisenyakatho emhlabeni lapho kukhona into enjalo - kuyinto Norway. Ezweni lethu itholakala eNhlonhlweni Kola.

isiphetho

Ngokolwazi owethulwe lapha, kuba izindawo ezisobala ebalulekile ezifana arboretums futhi izingadi zezimila. Bathwala eziningi izici ezibonisa zonke ubuhle izitshalo kule planethi yethu. Kulezi izingxenye nemvelo, izinhlanganisela ezenziwa umuntu, endaweni eyodwa ungabona ezahlukene zezitshalo eqoqwe abavela emhlabeni jikelele.