Kuyini amafutha?

Emisebenzini yezomnotho abantu basebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kokuqala kokubaluleka kwamaminerali ashisa. Kunoma yimuphi umbuso, lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile kakhulu esiluhlaza okukhishwe futhi esetshenziswe isintu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Yikuphi amaminerali afuthayo? Lokhu kuhlanganisa amalahle, igesi, amafutha, i-peat kanye ne- oil shale.

Amalahle

Amakhadi ahlala esikhathini esiyizinsuku zakudala zasendulo. Esikhathini sezinga le- geochronological, esinye sezikhathi kuthiwa ngamalahle. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi iplanethi yayigcwele amahlathi ashisayo, ayenama-horsetails amakhulu kanye nama-fern. Ngenxa yalokho, bakha amafutha aselahle.

Ngaleso sikhathi, isimo sezulu sasinomswakama futhi sishisa. Imithi ewile yafakwa esikhundleni esisha. Izingxenye ezinkulu zezinkuni zanqwabelana. Emigodini engavamile yamanzi kanye namadamu, aphenduke amafutha omlilo wamalahle. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela kwakhiwa ama-30% wamalahle emhlabeni. Ama-deposit yamalahle ajwayelekile. Angatholakali kuphela emazwenikazi, kodwa nakwezinye iziqhingi. Ngisho ne-Antarctica akuyona into ehlukile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaminerali angahlambulukile alele ngaphansi kwekhilomitha yezindiza zeqhwa.

I-Stone yayisayazi okhokho basemadolobheni abanamuhla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zayo - izimo zabo zokubunjwa zazihlukile. I-qualitative yazo kakhulu i-anthracite, khona-ke ama-cooking and coal amalahle ahamba . Lezi zinsuku zingenani elibalulekile kuhlelo lokusebenza kwamandla. Amafutha asetshenzisiwe asetshenziselwa ukugcoba ingulube yensimbi.

Amafutha ase-hydrocarbon fossil

Lezi zihlanganisa amafutha negesi, okwakhiwa emithanjeni yemvelo yangaphakathi. Baqoqa indaba ephilayo, izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Izigidi zeminyaka, cishe ngaphandle kokufinyelela emoyeni, ziye zaba izinto eziwusizo ezibalulekile, okuthiwa "igolide elimnyama", kanye negesi yemvelo. Ama-deposit of mineral fuels of hydrocarbon type at kuwo wonke amazwekazi. I-Oil ine-chemical composition. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuhambisane nokukhululwa kwegesi yemvelo, okuyinto, njengombuso, iphezulu ngaphezu kokuphakama kwamafutha. Amafutha asetshenziselwa inamba enkulu yezimboni. Ngaphandle kwesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi kagesi, yiyona nto ebaluleke kunazo zonke embonini yamakhemikhali.

Izindawo eziningi zomhlaba zinezipho "zegolide elimnyama". Kodwa-ke, izindawo zokugcina ezinkulu kakhulu emazweni alandelayo: i-Saudi Arabia, i-Kuwait, iRussia, iMexico, i-Canada, i-Indonesia ne-United States. Isimo sokugcina sicebile kakhulu sibheke amadiphozi, kepha asiwaxhaphazi ngokugcwele ukuze silondoloze amafutha esikhathini esizayo. Ukukhishwa kwe "igolide elimnyama" akukona nje kuphela ensimini yomhlaba, kodwa futhi kumashalofini amaningi olwandle ngosizo lokugaya amapulatifomu athambileyo. ERussia, enye yezindleko ezicebile kakhulu yi-Samotlor. Itholakala eNtshonalanga Siberia. Esikhathini seTyumen kukhona amasimu amathathu amakhulu kunawo wonke : Urengoy, Bovanenkovo, Yamburg.