Kungani ukuguga futhi befa abantu

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ngekhulu XVIII, isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphila wayeneminyaka engu-24 kuphela ubudala. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-100, kule nombolo liye landa ngamaphesenti isigamu - iminyaka engu-48. Manje umntwana angaphila ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka 76 ubudala. Nezinto eziningi eziye zatholwa emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sibalo kuyoba eside isikhathi njalo.

isingeniso

Namuhla, ukufuna "apula ekuvuseleleni" futhi impendulo yombuzo othi kungani ukuguga kwabantu, bagxila ekutadisheni isakhiwo zofuzo kumaseli, kuyilapho amehlo kangako ikhokhelwa indima ukucindezeleka nokudla ezimpilweni zabantu. Ubani sifinyelele ukungafi baphendukela imitholampilo anti-ukuguga, ukukhokha unyaka ngamunye ukuze 20 000 zamadola yokwelapha i-hormone, ukuhlaziywa DNA, futhi ukuhlinzwa cosmic. Nokho, lezi zindlela zokuhlola aziqinisekisi ukungafi - nje ochwepheshe athembisa baphile isikhathi eside.

Ndawonye, usazise uma futhi kungani abantu bayaguga, yiziphi izimpawu nezimbangela yokuguga nokuthi ukubambezela yonke inqubo yokuguga.

Umqondo "ukuguga"

Igama elithi "ukuguga" manje elihlobene ne izimonyo anti-ukuguga nokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yisayensi yanamuhla begxile kakhulu ekutadisheni emkhathini kokusungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha. Mayelana ukungafi nje selikhohliwe.

Kodwa Doktor Dzhon Langmore, uprofesa wase-University of Michigan, nethimba lakhe "wabheka" ku amaseli, uqobo yokuphila komuntu. Ikakhulukazi, uye wafunda futhi wathola molecule ye-DNA emikhawulweni yaso uchungechunge ngokuphinda ngazimbili enzyme ukuthi abangu kamuva yabizwa ngokuthi "telomere". Basebenza njengendlela "ofeleba" zokuzivikela ku-ukuphela wama-chromosomes esikuvimbela molecule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlukanisa ngesigamu, okuholela ukuguga futhi umuntu ofayo.

Uyini "telomere"

Ososayensi wazi ukuthi uma umuntu uthola amadala, telomere obuphelele incipha ngamaketanga. Ekugcineni baba dlala iDemo ukuze ukufanisana cell ebangela amaphutha afe noma izingcezu alitholakali ukulandelana DNA, ekuvimbeleni amaseli ikhono esikhundleni ngokwabo. Lokhu kukhawulela iphuzu lapho iseli ilahlekelwe ikhodi DNA ukuphila futhi angeke ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokwayo, ngokuthi umkhawulo Hayflick. Kuyinto elithile kukangaki yeseli kungaba liziphindaphinde, engakafi.

Ezinye amaseli asemzimbeni wethu abe Hayflick umkhawulo eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amangqamuzana ngaphakathi ngomlomo wethu futhi amathumbu ukuthi kusulwe unomphela futhi esikhundleni. Ngempela, zivela bakwazi ukhule telomere, ngisho lapho usukhulile. Khona-ke ososayensi abanesifiso kungani amanye amaseli zivimbela ukukhula kwe-telomere ngeminyaka, futhi abanye abalungile.

amaseli "zahlelwa"

UDkt Langmore besebenzisa amasu ngokomzimba, kwamakhemikhali kanye zofuzo ukufunda isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi kwama-telomere, uhlelo cell-mahhala nokuvulwa imodeli obusebenzayo telomere usebenzisa zokwenziwa DNA. Futhi akhonjwe indlela lapho telomere aba "uhlaliseke", kanye nemibandela eziholela ukuntengantenga yabo.

Amaphrotheni izici "wemfanelo 'ukuze unganyakazi we-chromosome semikhawulweni abangu bakha futhi wafundelwa. Electron microscopy kwenza kwaba lula ukuthumela ngqo ngeso lengqondo isakhiwo kwe-telomere imodeli. Lena isifundo ezithakazelisayo kwaholela bathole okuningi ethembisa.

Ososayensi baye bathola i-enzyme ezibalulekile ezingasetshenziswa "ukucisha" le telomere ukuze molecule ye-DNA ungase ngokungenamkhawulo nezimfoloko. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-telomerase. Kodwa lapho sikhula, inani telomerase amaseli incipha. Lona impendulo yombuzo othi kungani umzimba womuntu ubudala.

eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezinkulu ezinhlanu

Ngakho, ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi ukufa kwenzeka ngokuqondene ekulahlekelweni inani elikhulu amaseli. Kunemibono eminingana ezichaza indlela umkhawulo Hayflick uboniswe emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe:

1. iphutha hypothesis. Lo mbono uchaza amaphutha okungenzeka ziphakame zamakhemikhali ekukhiqizeni i-DNA ne-RNA, njengoba indlela umzimba akuyona 100%. Cell ukufa kungaba umphumela la maphutha uncorrected.

2. Theory ka free radicals. Liphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani ukuguga kwabantu, ngendlela yabo. Engalawuliwe radicals khulula kungalimaza ulwelwesi ezisizungezile amaseli bese DNA ne-RNA yeselula molecule. ekugcineni Lokhu umonakalo kuholela yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo.

Okwamanje, lo mbono ngobuqotho wafunda. Ukuhlolwa ku amagundane luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwehla ka-40% engayitholi caloric kuholela kabili isikhathi sokuphila futhi ukunciphisa isibalo free radicals. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amavithamini E futhi C ukuncela kahle kubo.

3. crosslinking ithiyori uthi ukuguga eziphilayo ngenxa ukwakheka okungahleliwe ophilayo (by crosslinking) "amabhuloho 'phakathi amangqamuzana amaprotheni, okungase iphazamise inqubo ukukhiqizwa kwe-RNA ne-DNA. Lokhu crosslinking kungadalwa amakhemikhali abaningi, ngokuvamile kokuvela kumaseli ngenxa umzimba, kanye ezingcolisa (isib nomthofu kagwayi).

4. Brain hypothesis kuphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani abantu bayaguga ngokushesha, ngendlela ehlukile. Lokhu kungenxa "ukwehluleka" ku homeostasis imisebenzi umzimba, ikakhulukazi ukulawula le ngxenye ku indlala pituitary nakho kubangela yokubhidlika kokulawulwa nezindlala endocrine.

5. sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba theory. Kwahlongozwa nguDkt Roy Walford e-Los Angeles, okusikisela ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili amaprotheni egazi wamasosha omzimba (B ne-T) ulahlekelwe amandla abo ngenxa "kuhlasela" of amagciwane futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Futhi lapho B- ne-T-amaseli abe onesici, bona ngegciwane amaseli enempilo.

Kungani ukuguga abantu: izimbangela kanye nezimpawu

Esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo, ngokuvamile eduze iminyaka engu-30, okuphawula izimpawu zokuguga ziqala ukuba sobala. Abakwazi chithi saka: esikhumbeni imibimbi, amandla sinciphile unenkululeko amathambo namalunga, lo zenhliziyo, wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo sezinzwa iyashintsha.

Nakuba kungekho ongasho ngokuqondile ukuthi kungani ukuguga kwabantu. Kodwa nakanjani lwathola ukuthi zofuzo, ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, isifo, nezinye izinto nomthelela kule nqubo.

ukubuka ngokucophelela izimpawu nezimbangela yokuguga izinhlelo ezinkulu emzimbeni:

1. Amaseli, izicubu kanye izitho:

- telomere, okuyinto zitholakala enisemikhawulweni wama-chromosomes yengqamuzana ngalinye, ekugcineni ukuvimbela wokuqhekeka molecule ye-DNA,

- udoti buthelela amaseli;

- ezicutshini iba baqinisa;

- esiphezulu umthamo ukusebenza kwezitho eziningi ziyancipha.

2. Inhliziyo negazi izitsha:

- inhliziyo odongeni iba mkhulu;

- izicubu zenhliziyo uqale ukusebenza ngaphansi kahle uzotshala esilinganayo igazi;

- elikuyi-aorta kuba mkhulu, stiffer nokuncane nezimo;

- Umthambo kancane kokunikeza igazi enhliziyweni futhi ubuchopho, yisona sizathu esenza ukuguga Kubantu, izimpawu ezisobala.

3. izici Okubalulekile:

- umzimba iba nzima ukulawula lokushisa;

- kwenhliziyo ithatha isikhathi eside ukubuyela esimweni esivamile ngemva kokuzivivinya.

4. Amathambo, imisipha, emalungeni:

- amathambo abe mancane futhi abe ngaphansi eqinile;

- amalunga omzimba - stiffer nokuncane nezimo;

- uqwanga e amathambo namalunga ziqala ukuba buthaka;

- ijwabu imisipha futhi uya uphelelwa amandla, futhi yikho lokhu okwenza ukuguga kwabantu, izimbangela zezinkumbulo le nqubo.

5.-ukugaya uhlelo:

- isisu, isibindi, amanyikwe kanye emathunjini amancane ukukhiqiza ayo kakhulu kancane wokugaya ukudla;

- ke kubambezela ukuhanjiswa kokudla ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

6. Brain nesimiso sezinzwa:

- inani ezinzwa asebuchosheni nomgogodla intambo imiswe kwehle;

- ebuchosheni kungase zimiswe izakhiwo okungavamile ezifana "zingcwecwe" futhi "tangles", okuholela ekukhulelweni ziwohloke kokusebenza kwalo;

- inani ukuxhumana phakathi ezinzwa incipha.

7. Emehlo netindlebe:

- i-retina iba izacile, futhi abafundi - obuqinile;

- ngaphansi lens ecacile;

- ezindongeni indlebe canal abe mancane futhi abe eardrums - mkhulu.

8. I isikhumba, izinzipho kanye izinwele:

- Skin ngeminyaka kuba ohlabayo nokuncane nokunwebeka, okuyinto esenza abantu bayaguga ngokubukeka;

- nezindlala umjuluko ukukhiqiza umjuluko kancane;

- izinzipho zikhule;

- izinwele uthola grey umbala, futhi amanye aze ayeke ezikhulayo.

izimpawu ukuguga

Kukhona izimpawu ezivamile yokuguga, okuhlanganisa lezi:

- anda ezifweni izifo;

- ukwehla okuncane ekukhuleni;

- anda ingozi ukushisa unhlangothi noma hypothermia;

- amathambo kulula aphule;

- into embi njengokuphinga;

- moshini;

- Ukwehliswa amandla Imininingwane;

- Ukuqunjelwa futhi incontinence urinary;

- a okwehlisa kancane ukucabanga izinqubo kanye inkumbulo ukungakhuli;

- kwehle ukubambisana;

- Ukuwohloka acuity ezibukwayo futhi ukwehla umbono neuropathy;

- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa;

- nokuwohloka futhi imibimbi kwesikhumba;

- graying izinwele;

- kwesisindo.

Ngokulandelayo, cabanga ngalokho yisona sizathu esenza umuntu ukuguga, futhi hlobo luni izinto kusenze amadala.

kwethonya ushukela

Abantu abathanda yokusaswidi ke ngeke kuzwakale kahle ukwazi ukuthi ushukela "ukusheshisa" sokuguga. Uma yisikhonyane izinto eziningi ezinkulu, maduze azuze isisindo ngokushesha, njengoba umzimba wakho iba usengozini yokuthola izifo. Bona, yebo, wehlisa "bayoba nezimpande ngaphansi" empilweni yomuntu okwesikhathi eside. Nokho, zonke isifo esingelapheki sithinta bonke kumaseli emzimbeni. Futhi ukuthi yisona sizathu esenza umuntu ukuguga kancane.

ukubhema

Ngisho ingane uyazi ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi empilweni. Ngo-New Zealand, isibonelo, bayafa unyaka ngamunye abantu 5000 ngenxa imiphumela emibi ukubhema (kuhlanganise yokwenziwa). Lena abantu 13 ngosuku!

Njalo ugwayi ubhema izokwengeza imibimbi ebusweni bakho. Futhi lihambisana amaningi kwelanga namanje neqhaza ukubukeka amangqamuzana afile esikhumbeni.

isehlukaniso

Yebo, ufunda ukuthi kulungile! Igebe nalowo uyathandwa kakhulu, yebo, kunomthelela elibi hhayi nje isimo wakho ngokwengqondo, kodwa futhi ukubonakala kanye nezempilo.

Ngo-2009, abacwaningi benza ucwaningo of amawele afana ncamashí, ngenxa okuyinto kwaba sobala ukuthi ahlukaniswe imibhangqwana bheka emdala labo zazihlale ndawonye.

Ukuchayeka ilanga

Imisebe yelanga nethonya elihle emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa ngezinga elithile. Zingadala ukubukeka imibimbi esikhumbeni, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani abanye abantu ubudala ngokushesha kunezinye.

ilanga okweqile kungaholela elastosis (ukuncishiswa isikhumba kuyaqina) kanye nokuvela izindawo eziningi esikhunjeni ebusweni.

Ukwesaba nokucindezeleka

Ucwaningo lwamuva nje luthole ukuthi zokwesaba siqu nemizwelo ukusheshisa ukuguga bese wengeza iminyaka ukuba ukubukeka kwakho. nokucindezeleka okungapheli kuholela ukukhululwa njalo hormone yokwesatshwa, okuyinto nomphumela omubi izibilini nezicubu. Futhi nomthelela ekwakhekeni radicals khulula, okuyizinto isizathu esenza abantu asebekhulile ngokushesha.

Indlela ukubambezela yonke iwashi lomzimba

Kukhona ezinye iziqondiso eyokusiza bebodwa futhi ngaphandle imali izizumbulu ukubambezela yonke inqubo yokuguga emzimbeni:

1. Funda indlela yokuphatha ukwesaba kwakho futhi sikwazi ukubhekana nemizwa.

2. Ibeka imingcele ikhalori eyanele kubambezela ukuguga yakho. Imiphumela yokuqala izifundo ku izinkawu luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco kungaba "bese wehlisa ijubane" izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhula bokuphila.

3. Vivinya umzimba njalo. Phela, bathuthukisa ukukhishwa kwama-hormone sokukhula.

4. Zama ngokwanele nsuku zonke. Kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala esingayenza ukubuyisa ngokugcwele wonke amandla abo.

5. Khululeka. Khetha indlela okufanelekile ukuba uphumule. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyoba dancing, ukufunda izincwadi, ukulalela umculo noma amasu thini nje kushisa.

Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi sizokwenza konke aguge, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyakuthanda noma cha. Kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi ukubambezela yonke inqubo, ngisho emangqamuzaneni. Udinga nje kuphela ukuba ahole indlela yokuphila enempilo, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa zonke izici ukuthi abe nomthelela omubi nemizimba yethu.