Kungani do abaculi yokuthola elithakazelisayo indaba iphupho?

Sandro Botticelli, uHenri Rousseau, Vincent Van Gogh, Francisco de Goya, Giorgione. Akuzona zodwa abanye abaculi abadumile futhi umxhwele kakhulu emlandweni isiko, nabo ukwabelana isithakazelo olulodwa: umfanekiso isimo phupho. Meir Krieger - uprofesa wase-Yale School of Medicine uchwepheshe emkhakheni ubuthongo. Ukulala eyamdonsela njengoba yena uzokhumbula uqobo. "Sengifunde ubuthongo, unendawo enkulu lapho nenani lesikhathi - wachaza Krieger. - Bengilokhu ngiwuhlobo unesithakazelo kubo. "

isifundo ubuthongo

ucwaningo cwaningo Mechanics Krieger sika, umsebenzi pathology wobuthongo, isibonelo, ihlaziya ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala futhi ukufunda kwawo nesihloko yokumelwa yinhliziyo. Nokho, kukhona ezinye imibuzo mayelana ngezici okuyimfihlakalo ubuthongo, okungekho usosayensi uye ngisho waqala ukuphendula. Ngokwesibonelo, kungani abantu ukulala? Kungani abantu babe amaphupho? "Kimi, ubuthongo iyisici ongaqondakali kakhulu - Krieger wathi. - Lena nakanjani isimo ezahlukene. Asazi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani thina ukulala. Yiqiniso, zikhona ezihlukahlukene eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka. Futhi, kukhona imibuzo eminingi mayelana amaphupho. Izingane baye babonisa ezinye usesimweni ikhono dream ngisho nangaphambi kokuba azalwe. Kodwa-ke kukhona omunye umbuzo: yini yabo amaphupho? ".

Ukulala zobuciko

Kwelinye izahluko "I-Atlas of Clinical Wokulala" (incwadi mayelana ubuthongo, okuyinto Krieger co-wabhala nabanye ochwepheshe ezimbili kulo mkhakha) ngokuthi "Iphupho nezobuciko izincwadi," kusho abalobi olwenziwa umfundi yomlando yobuciko, okuhlanganisa isihloko elele ukutadisha ngezindlela ezahlukene lapho abaculi zaveza angenanhlonipho, kodwa namanje emangalisayo onemibuzo isimo ukuphumula. "Sikhona yini isidina ngaphezu iphupho? - jokes Krieger. - Kodwa zonke lezi abaculi cosha it into ekhangayo. Noma nini lapho ngikhumbula i gallery yobuciko noma emnyuziyamu, ngangihlale ngingekho bakhangwa ezindleleni zokulala. Ngithathe ezibuza ukuthi kukhonani ngale ingqondo umdwebi ngubani ngesineke umuntu olele. Yini, ngokombono wakhe, owenza lo muntu na? Ukuphumula? ZaseJamaica Ziyavuseleleka? Kuyinto engozini? Lokho akucabangayo umculi uma udala lezi zithombe futhi ukuthi zisithinta indoda ke ubheka lezi imisebenzi yobuciko? ".

Imidwebo ubuciko ingalali

Ngokuhlaziya Krieger uye kuchazwe izethulo eziningana thematic ubuthongo, ababeka njalo uvele kuwo wonke umlando art. "I abaculi samanje kakhulu eqinile ngokumthanda izinganekwane, amaphupho, zenkolo izingqikithi, ukufana phakathi ubuthongo futhi ukufa, imiklomelo, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula ukwazi, ukuphulukisa, isithombe ubumsulwa futsi wabaniketa kuthula kwengcondvo kanye Ukuvusela," - Wachaza. Waqala ne izinganekwane ngokuhlola ukudalwa Sandro Botticelli "Mars kanye Venus". Lesi sithombe ababethi ngekhulu nanhlanu, futhi kulokhu, kuyisibonelo esihle. Umdwebo okubonisa Venus, unkulunkulukazi wothando uhlezi eduze Mars, unkulunkulu impi, kuyilapho uyalala. Small ukubhinqa elibazungezile play izikhali Mars kanye wakhe equlekile umzimba. "Lesi sithombe empeleni uthi uthando onqobayo impi", - uthe Krieger, echaza amandla Venus phezu Mars ngesikhathi sokulala. Kulesisithombe iphupho ethile kulingana ngobuthakathaka sengozini.

ingalali owesifazane

Nokho, "Sleeping Venus" by Giorgione, abhalwe 1508, libonisa ohlukileko iphupho - lowo ehambisana amandla Ukuvusela. Venus yokuphumula ngaphandle izingubo, wambamba ngesandla ngobumnene nesembozo wakhe umthondo, kodwa yize ke okungukuthi ngokuphelele evulekile ukuze ibuyekezwe, kubonakala sengathi uye egcwele ukulawula yakho umzimba futhi ngokwakho. Kuyinto ezweni lalo, futhi cishe kubonakala kungaphezu untouchable kulesi sifundazwe liminal. Ukulala ngokuvamile kuhambisana imiqondo Ukuvusela nobumsulwa. Izinto uthole kancane more xaka lapho ziqala ukudweba ukufana okukhona phakathi ubuthongo futhi ukufa. Kuzoqalwa nge isithombe uphawu John Millais 'Ophelia' ziphethe ebaziwe "Anotomicheskaya Venus", okuyinto yake kubhekwe indinganiso yezokwelapha yokwakheka imodeli, umlando, ubuciko umlando ikakhulu eside, kwadingeka ukuthambekela idealization abesifazane amahle efile. Abaculi ngubani ukugxila abesifazane belele hlala ezifanayo endaweni: bacabanga ukuthi owesifazane efiseleka kakhulu uma umile, kuyilapho esikhundleni sokufa ubuthongo kwenza konke kancane kancane esesabekayo.

Ukuba yizinhlobonhlobo Amazing ubuthongo

"Sleeping wesifazane ungabheka njengokungathi ngifile, kodwa yena kwaba nakanjani uyaphila - uthi Krueger ku" Atlas ". - She is bengazi, kodwa abazi. Emzimbeni, kuba emhlabeni wangempela, kodwa imicabango yakhe kukhona ezweni fantasy. Dream scares ujabule, sivuselela futhi kuyakhathaza. Angaba hang phezu kwethu njengenyoka esindayo inkungu okungenakudanjiswa, noma vika kithi umuzwa elimnandi injabulo. " Emlandweni yobuciko kukhona imidwebo abaningi edumile emhlabeni wonke lapho abesifazane bavezwa, kunalawo ebonisa amadoda ilele, kodwa Krieger ukhumbula ukuthi kukhona ezidumile ngaphezulu esibonisa abesifazane njengoba imidwebo eziveza amadoda ngokomthetho. Abanye imisebenzi, ezifana "Emini: Phumula emsebenzini" by Vincent van Gogh sikhombisa indoda ilele, babonisa iphupho njengoba umvuzo kujabulise kosuku olude umsebenzi onzima odinga amandla.

Uzungu kubo bonke

Kungakhathaliseki umbuzo umculi Yenguquko noma we ome njengeqanda iphupho surrealist ayilindelekile kwezobuciko indaba ephathwayo, okungakwazi simelane futhi umdali. Ngisho Endi Uorhol wathinta ngale ndaba yakhe yokuloba ejwayelekile, uqopha ividiyo indlela umngane wakhe uJohn Giorno elele amahora amahlanu, imizuzu engamashumi amabili, ebiza ifilimu okuholela ulula: ". Ebuthongweni '