Kungakanani abiza dollar eU.SSR? Indlela ukushintsha dollar phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet?

Kungakanani abiza dollar eU.SSR? Ukuze kungabi bikho zikhathale umfundi, kanye ukubhuka: ngokwesilinganiso, ayisithupha amasenti! Futhi manje kabanzi.

Ngokushesha ngemva ukuvela USSR wakhipha isinqumo ukuthi exchange rate azosethwa nguhulumende. Exchange Foreign ukuthengiselana ziyancipha, futhi dollar ngesikhathi lilawulwa.

Kuwo wonke nengxenye kwekhulu lamashumi amabili e-USSR dollar yesibili angizisoli engaphansi ruble, futhi kwadingeka khona khona kuphela ukhweshe lwempuphu abantu, futhi ubukhulu elilinganiselwe adingekayo uhambo phesheya noma kwezinye izimo ezingavamile.

Zonke izibalo enziwa kuphela ruble futhi athenge futhi athengise izimali zakwamanye amazwe wayengase asho ibhange kuphela.

dollar exchange rate eU.SSR engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili

Ngemva izinguquko 1924 zazilingana 2 ruble 22 kopecks.

YiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uhlelo yemali -USSR samelana ngenhlonipho, nakuba isisindo imali futhi kunyuke ngo ocishe uphindwe kane. Ukuze uqhathanise, e-Italy futhi luye lwaqinisa eziyishumi-nesibaya, futhi Japan - ku nanye.

Nokho, kanye nemali isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona kwakukhona nezinye izinkinga: isabelo commercial futhi market amanani, futhi imali imali ekhukhwini befisa.

inkomfa futhi Bretton Woods isiphetho dollar

Ngisho ekupheleni kwempi, ngo-1944, ngineminyaka Bretton Woods (USA) isingathwe International Monetary futhi lwezezimali Conference, kwaba khona abangu-amane nane uthi, kuhlanganise eSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwase kunesiqiniseko we-International Monetary Fund ne-International Bank for neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa.

Melika uye ehlongozwayo ukulungisa intengo igolide at $ 35 per troy ounce - okubizwa ngokuthi standard igolide. Dollar bamemezela emhlabeni reserve currency. Ngo Fort Knox agcina US yegolide, igolide bese uyiswa emazweni amaningana aseYurophu. Ngenxa yalokho, abangamaphesenti angu-75 igolide emhlabeni yashayeka nayo agcinwe lapho.

ISoviet Union izimo ezikhethekile wokungenela umyalo ngaphandle ukugcina US igolide yayenziwa. Kodwa ezinye izimo ezihlongozwayo engena inhlangano, ubuholi ezweni babebonakala akwamukeleki, neSoviet Union ayizange izibophezele lesi sivumelwano.

kwekuhlela kabusha kukaStalin kwempi

Stalin waqhamuka ngokuzijamela lwemali kazwelonke. Nokho, izinguquko Wemali, Kwahlelwa ukuba kube phambi nomhlangano wamazwe omhlaba, kodwa wanquma kuwo kakade ngokunembile kuze kube sekupheleni 1947.

imali Sashintshana, ukuthi iningi labantu ngasinda ngaphandle umonakalo. Ulwa azishintshile. Imali ruble kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane ezintathu abatshelana omunye komunye, ezintathu kuya eziyishumi - ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukwehla, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-lishumi lamawaka - ukunciphisa kuncike okubili kokuthathu imali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuyise uhlelo ikhadi. Kwathi ekuqaleni kuka-kwamanye amazwe-abawinile. Aconsa intengo kwezimpahla okudayisa - imikhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni. Ngakho ukuqeda imiphumela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ohlelweni yemali, izimpahla imali yawela okungenani izikhathi ezintathu.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1950, uStalin beyalwa ukuba recalculate exchange rate entsha ye-ruble. Bezimali ukubala koke ahlinzekwa ruble 14 dollar ngalinye. Kungakanani abiza dollar eU.SSR ngaphambi ukuguqulwa? ruble 53. Nokho, uStalin, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli okwengeziwe sinciphise izinga lokutholakala kwengculazi Ruble ngokumelene dollar. Okungenani, lokho omunye angase alindele - 4 ruble ngoba dollar elilodwa US.

Lwemali kazwelonke ye-USSR wayiswa substrate igolide, kanjalo ukukhansela isikhonkwane dollar. Yentengo igremu zegolide ngayinye yiBhange State yasungulwa ngo 4 ruble 45 kopecks. Ngakho, uStalin yalwela ruble liqhathaniswa ne-dollar, njengoba izinsalela imali United States uye zanqwabelana ezweni ahlose ukudlulisela kwamanye amazwe, kunqunywa ngale ndlela izinkinga zabo futhi abeke kubo kwabanye.

Moscow International Forum

Ngo-1952 eMoscow wasingatha iforamu, okuyinto ezihlongozwayo kudalwa montreal, obekungadala khulula ethonyeni US dollar kanye babeyokhonza njengabapristi counterweight US ukunwetshwa kanye Jikelele Ukuvumelana Izimali kanye Trade. Amazwe amaningi European beye baba ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kusuka US.

amazwe amane nesishiyagalolunye akuzona bazimisele ukuzithoba dollar, wathatha ingxenye kule nkundla. Sasayinwa izivumelwano eziningi enunciates isimiso exclusion izinkokhelo ngamadola wase-US, kungenzeka enana, le ukuvumelana izinqubomgomo, izinhlobo ezahlukene izinzuzo nokunye.

Kodwa ngo-1953, Stalin efa. Futhi izwe kancane kancane waqala asuke izimiso limenyezelwe, ukwenza ushintsho ukuze dollar. Igolide okuqukethwe kwe-ruble lancipha eziyishumi-nesibaya, futhi ngeminyaka yoma sekwephuzile futhi iqedwe ngokuphelele. ESoviet Union zaqala ukunikeza amanye amazwe nge izinto zokusetshenziswa ezishibhile, futhi zigcine igolide waqala ngokushesha ancibilike. Kodwa-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Moscow Narodny Bank eLondon

Ngo-1956, iSoviet Union, ukuze ugweme US unswinyo, enquma udlulisele imali etholakalayo kusukela US amabhange e-United Kingdom - ku Moscow Narodny Bank eLondon. Unika credit kancane Nokho, asiphambani nge ohlelweni Banking US. izimali bathunyelwa njengoba kwezinye yasebhange Soviet elise phesheya - Paris Eurobank. Kamuva zamadola zase zisatshalaliswa emakethe yezimali European, nabizelwa Eurodollars.

Usongo ngowokuqala lwemali global nokuthi zisho

Uhlelo banyukubala ngaphandle. Ngo sixties, inombolo zamadola ngaphandle United States azifinyelelanga ezingeni zonke Melika yegolide. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Sharl De Gaulle edingekayo igolide French emuva senzuzo zamadola ngiyitholile. Ngemva abaholi eFrance nakwamanye amazwe zaqala ukuthi into efanayo. Khona-ke kancane bashiya umthetho igolide exchange.

Esikhathini yoma, e-United States waba ukunciphisa okuqukethwe igolide imali yayo. Ngo-1971, ukuguqulwa dollar egolideni wanqamuka.

Ukuthi kubiza malini dollar eU.SSR

I dollar saphela ngiphephile, futhi kuzo zonke izindaba ezilandisa dollar kungenziwa ivaliwe. nokuboshwa kwabaningi eyayifunwa amadola okuqondene eSoviet Union. Nakuba dollar eU.SSR (1975) kwaba 75 cents. Wayephethe bushelelezi mkhuba phansi kopecks 60.

Eighties, imboni ezingeni baqhubeka nokwanda. Nge ruble 679 billion ngonyaka 1980, umkhakha selingaphezu ruble 819 billion 1990. umkhakha ukuthekelisa lokwaba ngemaphesenti lali-10 kuphela. Futhi kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle ka ezihlukahlukene phakathi nale minyaka ku ezahlukene plus noma lokususa ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-70.

Anobuqhawe yiwo ayesemibhoshongweni Democrats zingathanda ukusho ukuthi US dollar ngokumelene ruble eSoviet Union kuleyo minyaka ngomgunyathi kushintshiswane ngokwengeziwe ngesilinganiso esingaphezulu kakhulu, sihluke kakhulu olusemthethweni. Khona-ke wena nje okudingeka ukwenze ukuhlaziya kancane. Uma kukhona umehluko omkhulu, njengoba abanye bathi yenzeka, ngaso nakanjani ukungeniswa nokukhishelwa emazweni angaphandle zazihlukile kakhulu. Nokho, la manani cishe kulingana.

Isikhulu dollar izinga e-USSR usuka 1970 kuze kube sekupheleni Eighties zazisuka 90 amasenti kuze kube 60. Ekupheleni Eighties futhi kuze kokuwa kweSoviet Union, wabekwa nezinguquko sakugcina ngu kopecks 60.

Ukuphela khona yaseSoviet Union,

Ngo-1991, intengo dollar eU.SSR baba elilingana 1 ruble 85 kopecks. Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba Bank State waqala ukuthengisa dollar kwaba ngentengo - commercial. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi empeleni ku ngomgunyathi ukubaluleka dollar eU.SSR safinyelela engama-ruble angu-30 kuya kwezingu-43. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1992-dollar waqala emakethe. Futhi ngasekupheleni 1992, iSoviet Union kwakungasekho.

ezingokoqobo lanamuhla

Kungakanani abiza dollar eSoviet Union, kubalulekile sikhumbule ekukhanyeni ezingokoqobo lanamuhla. Ngo nineties kanye eminyakeni emibili senkulungwane ekhukhwini izakhamuzi Russian ixazululwe amadola ukuze inombolo enkulu afundwa kuphela e-United States of America uqobo.

Okwamanje, isimo waphinda waqala ukuzimela ruble. Nokho, akukho ubuKhomanisi manje khona, wonke umuntu e-Russia zingakhokhelwa ngokukhululekile baveze imibono yabo, futhi akudingeki isimo sengqondo nabangenasihawu ngabantu, elalisendlini isikhathi kaStalin. Ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba nizifeze zonke kwekuhlela kabusha ezidingekayo, njengoba wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule, akunakwenzeka. Russia kakhulu shí ukwencika dollar, futhi izigwili ovulekile aziqhubeki yini zikuqinisekisa uhulumeni ukuze uqhubeke dollar endleleni. Kuzothatha ukubekezela, isibindi nokuzimisela ukubhekana ukunwetshwa US ube geqe ngokugcwele.