Kolka yeqhwa, Karmadon umhosha, Republic of North Ossetia. Incazelo yeqhwa. Nenhlekelele ngo-2002

Beautiful imvelo, nasezintabeni eziphakeme, oluluhlaza emfuleni, umoya ohlanzekile futhi elinamanzi bantu abanomusa nabathanda - konke lokhu North eCaucasus. Izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ziza kulezi zindawo ubunyoninco imvelo elimangalisayo. Uma enye yezindawo olunothile abaningi abanengxenye babeneminyaka Karmadon Gorge (Republic of North Ossetia). Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi Genaldon. Eyesibili isihloko, it is okuthiwa ngemva komfula Genaldon yiwo ogelezela lapha. Konke ukushintshwa ngemva inhlekelele edabukisayo ezenzeka ngo-2002.

canyon

Karmadon Gorge, izithombe zazo iminyaka eyishumi nantathu edlule, uvele kwi nesembozo zezihloko eziningi zomhlaba, abaningi waziwa emva Uzalo we yeqhwa. Kuyinto ingxenye Greater eCaucasus. It has ezimbili zezitokisi ezingu-amawa brown ngokubabazekayo. Ngaphambili, phakathi kwawo nathi esasingenamandla Cottages kuhle, ikamu sites sebetholakele, abantu ekhululekile. Manje kukhona omnyama, efana yokulahla okwami, mass sithambile. It wehla yeqhwa, ngokungazelelwe wangcwatshwa umuntu ayikhulu namashumi amathathu nane.

Ubuhle ensungubezini ngosuku olulodwa ngo-September 2002 okungavamile labhujiswa inhlekelele engokwemvelo.

Kolka yeqhwa

Cirque - esigodini yeqhwa, esemgwaqweni sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni Genaldon (Pool Terek River). He is ingxenye eCaucasus entabeni uhlelo ohlangothini lwasenyakatho lwe-Kazbek-Dzhimarayskogo afanayo libizwa Colca.

Glacier Ubukhulu kukhona pretty umxhwele: obuphelele - 8.4 km, indawo 7.2 amakhilomitha square. ivelaphi, ethatha a top entabeni (ukuphakama 4780 m), yeqhwa itholakala endaweni engamamitha 1980 amamitha. Ukuphakama umkhawulo iqhwa (emgqeni firn) - 3000 metres.

Kolka yeqhwa kungokwalabo okuthiwa hlobo ejabhile. Basuke izimpawu i nezikhathi asebenzayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingalindelekile ethile yomzimba phambili. ice okunjalo amashifu (Sergi) zaziye ehlala ice kumiswa doti notshwala. Sergi ngokuvamile nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.

Glacier obandulela le nhlekelele

Kuyaziwa ukuthi yeqhwa Kolka ethuthuka kathathu ekhulwini lamashumi amabili - ngo-1902, 1969 no-2002. Nakuba glaciologists, izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezingafani futhi ice kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Ngokwesibonelo, "zakudala" noma "kancane" Serge Kolka, lugujwe ngo-1834. Kodwa-ke akazange asilethe enkingeni enkulu.

Ngekhulu XX, ukuqothulwa kakhulu ukukhuthazwa yeqhwa sabhalwa ngo-July 1902. Ngalesi Uzalo bashonile kwathi abanye abantu abangamashumi amathathu nesithupha, ngaphezu kwekhanda ayizinkulungwane wezinkomo. Wembelwa ngaphansi ice Karmadon resort abadumile, sacekela phansi izakhiwo eziningi.

intuthuko Okulimazayo ubephelezelwa ice-rock mudflow. Ngesivinini kwaba ku Genaldon Valley, amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye kude. Ngalowo nyaka kwenziwa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu ayisikhombisa nanhlanu cubic metres leqhwa idwala ukuthi ingafaniswa cube ne izinhlangothi amamitha amane neshumi nanhlanu. Onikezwe ice elicibilikile iminyaka eyishumi nambili, ngo-1914 isigodi esingezansi yeqhwa Miley ngiyilahle kuye. Ukuqhathanisa kanjani baziphathe Kolka yeqhwa ngo-1902, nokuthathe kwenza izinga ice-sisindvo doti ukugeleza safinyelela 150 km / h, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi intuthuko ngo-1902 sifana kakhulu kwenhlekelele 2002.

Ngo-1969, yeqhwa Kolka liziphathe esivaliwe okuningi - Kuye kwafinyelelwa intuthuko eshelelayo futhi akuzange kuholele imiphumela eyinhlekelele. Ice ukunyakaza waqala Septhemba 28, 1969, futhi ngemva kwesonto yeqhwa Kolka wakunqoba zonke engamakhulu nantathu amamitha ukufinyelela ekupheleni Maili yeqhwa ulimi. Ngakho, ijubane layo uma igijima kwabikwa 10 m / ihora. Khona-ke osedonsa - up 1 m / h no-10 zencwadi Januwari (1970) yeqhwa kumisiwe. Ngokuhamba yonke inkathi yeqhwa uye wathuthela amakhilomitha amane. Walahla phansi esigodini kuze kube ngamamitha ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili.

Ngo-1970, glaciologists ziye uqiniseke ukuthi ukuncibilika yeqhwa ukuthuthela eduze kuzothatha emashumini mayelana emibili nengxenye.

Lutho boded enkingeni

Abantu bendawo abelokhu ebheka ukuhlanganyela yeqhwa Kolka kuyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu mass omkhulu ice ukuthi hung ngaphezu umhosha, ukugxilisa abantu ukwesaba lapho esongelwa inhlekelele, kodwa glaciologists (ochwepheshe, ukubukela izinguzunga zeqhwa) zazikhona pretty okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bendawo Upper Karmadon ngomlando wabo eside wayengakwazi ukukhumbula ezinye izimpawu ukukhathazeka phezu ingxenye umakhelwane wakhe omkhulukazi. Lutho wawufanekisela inhlekelele eseduze isuke.

Tragedy e Karmadon Kwangimangaza lokho okuphelele kubo bonke ababambiqhaza - I-Sergei Bodrov iqembu izakhamuzi zendawo, amasevisi wokutakula. Abantu buthule wahlanganyela izindaba zezwe, laselikhala eseqedile ngokudubula S. Bodrov. Basuke owawuhlelelwe ukuqala ekuseni, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene washukumiseleka ukuba ntambama. Babalelwa ku 19,00, njengoba ezintabeni ekuseni kakhulu ebumnyameni, abantu baqala ukubuthana. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, sifinyelela engenhla ensungubezini zaqala ukushintsha, okuholela izenzakalo kwakungedlule muntu Siphuphé e okwakwenzeka.

Nenhlekelele ngo-2002

ngokuvamile Abantu ukhohlwe esidlule. Kugcine Uzalo inhlekelele Kolka yeqhwa senzeka eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Ngokwemvelo, bokuzibonela lezo zenzakalo ayisekho, futhi Republic of North Ossetia kugcinwa kumemori kuphela basukile ubaba endodaneni izindaba abadala. Nokho, ngo-1902 kwakukhona izincazelo ezimbalwa imiphumela yonyaka inhlekelele. Benza ososayensi Russian abavakashele Karmadon esigodini ngemva nje kokuwa yeqhwa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sehlakalo Inhlekelele yaqala ukuphuma engqondweni, futhi emanxiweni emadolobhaneni yeqhwa abantu baye baqala ukwakha emisha.

Ngezinye amahora amabili (Septhemba 20) embhedeni yeqhwa gone Genaldon e Karmadon umhosha. ubude balo amakhilomitha amahlanu, ukujiya - kusukela kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya ku-100 futhi ububanzi amamitha angaphezu kuka-200. Leqhwa mass - abayizigidi ezingu-21 cubic metres.

Phakathi ukunyakaza ice kwakhiwa sel amakhilomitha nanye eside, kuyilapho ububanzi 50 metres, kanye ukushuba - 10 metres, ivolumu - cubic metres kwezigidi ezingu nambili. Usekuphothulile aye amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa eningizimu edolobhaneni Giselle.

Imiphumela le nhlekelele

Ukuqoqwa Kolka yeqhwa wabhubhisa edolobhaneni Upper Karmadon futhi wonke umuntu ngaleso sikhathi e-umhosha. Labhujiswa ngokuphelele yokuhlala esinezitezi ezintathu ka sibhedlela "Karmadon" ukuzilibazisa okumangalisayo kwesibonakaliso Ministry of Justice futhi Ossetic University, amakhilomitha angaphezu kwelilodwa nengxenye izintambo zikagesi, imithombo amanzi eyanele yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile isitshalo.

Edolobhaneni Karmadon ngaphansi iqhwa waphenduka izindlu eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ukuqoqwa Kolka yeqhwa sokucasuka uzamcolo eziqine emfuleni Gizeldon.

abalimala womuntu

Umphumela esibi kakhulu iqhwa nokunyamalala nokufa. I ensungubezini uneqoqo S. Bodrov, ukudubula kulezi zindawo amahle we ifilimu "I-Messenger" ngesikhathi kwenzeka le nhlekelele. Kweminyango Commission baphetha ngokuthi ngemva umbuthano onjalo ngeke iphuze lapha yinoma ubani. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi eside mina ababazisa ithemba lokuthi kukhona umuntu kungaba basindiswe. izihlobo Ekhathazeke wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo umsebenzi wokutakula, nakuba izazi ayeqiniseka ukuthi wangisiza isivele ezithile.

ekugcineni ukutakulwa

unyaka futhi kubuhlungu nengxenye kwakungamadodana search and khulula ukusebenza kule umhosha. Ngokudabukisayo, imizamo yokuphepha, ososayensi, amavolontiya zehlulekile. Ngaphansi isisindo iqhwa wathola izidumbu nesikhombisa kuphela. Ngaphansi mass imitha-ayikhulu ice asitholanga efile, uyaphila kakhulu. Unyaka kanye nabatakuli professional nabacimi yabo abasizi nezihlobo izisulu wahlala. Kubo, ithemba lokugcina lahlala ngithuka ice Umhubhe lapho, ngokusho kwezinye izinguqulo, khona ukufihla abantu.

Umhubhe

Ochwepheshe bathi umbono emhubheni ezingenalo ikusasa, akekho iphuze. Noma kunjalo, akekho owayengenza ongaphika izihlobo yezisulu, ababemi kwelokuthi emhubheni yamba imithombo. Ngaphansi ungqimba yeqhwa emikhulu abatakuli isikhathi eside asikwazanga ukuthola Umhubhe wangaphambili. Nesishiyagalolunye imithombo abangu yamba. Umzamo Twentieth kuphumelele. Umhubhe at 69 metres phansi imbobo abatshuzi. Njengoba kulindelekile, lalingenalutho. Ngemva izihlobo eziningi ngubani kuze kube muva nje babekholelwa ezimangalisweni babesiqaphela kokufa kwabathandekayo.

Phakathi ukusebenza search kwatholakala izidumbu nesikhombisa. Eyikhulu nesikhombisa nabantu ababili abakatholakali. Ukuthungathwa kwabantu kumisiwe 7 Meyi 2004.

Izizathu yeqhwa nokunyamalala

Sasiyini isizathu yeqhwa nokunyamalala ngo-2002? Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana kwenzeka le nhlekelele. Kodwa izazi eziningi sithambekele bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba emkhathini igesi kusukela intabamlilo Kazbek (ukulala).

Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ngo-2007 engqungqutheleni yamazwe ngamazwe, owawusedolobheni North Ossetia. Yena izazi zokuma komhlaba asonga ukucwaninga eyathatha ezinhlanu. izimbangela yengozi ziye okuthiwa Karmadon umhosha.

Ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthi namuhla ke iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngokuya impahla yokuhamba inhlekelele yeqhwa. Massa wehla iqhwa, amatshe, amanzi isidlulile amakhilomitha nesikhombisa ngaphesheya kwesigodi futhi kwakhiwa idamu elikhulu, ubude eyeqa amakhilomitha amane.

Enye inguqulo ethandwayo, le nhlekelele zemvelo mafutha ngabe kubangelwa kwenhlabathi eziningi amatshe ice engxenyeni ezingemuva yeqhwa.

umhosha namuhla

isithombe esibi kuba Karmadon Gorge namuhla: isikhathi eside abaphundlwe "isikhumba" Imigudu abamnyama, ahlaba njengenkemba insingo, amandla ngamanzi osebeni lwemifula nomhlabathi ezintabeni.

EVladikavkaz, yebo, esizeni le nhlekelele, kukhona ezikhumbuzo nge amagama bonke labo bantu abafa futhi waduka ngalolo suku kwesibhamu ngo-September 2002.

Ekupheleni kuka-October 2002, emnyango ensungubezini Karmadon yasungulwa ikhumbule zonke izisulu ipuleti yesikhumbuzo.

Ngemva konyaka (2003) yisikhumbuzo esiyisikhumbuzo wavulwa. He is a figure insizwa, simisiwe yokuhlala ebhkisini lama ice. Itshe lesikhumbuzo lamiswao ethafeni, eduze nedolobhana Giselle. It is lapha safinyelela yeqhwa.

Ngo-2004, endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona ikamu sokuzithandela abacwaningi e Karmadon efakwe inkumbulo "Usizi Umama", wadala ku ngeminikelo yokuzithandela. Lokhu amabili nanhlanu-itshe, baletha ngumuntu yeqhwa, futhi iseduze - sibalo owesifazane lusizi, elinde indodana yakhe.

Izihlobo awazi kangakanani ngeke Ncibilikisa Kolka yeqhwa, kodwa elinde ukuba kwenzeke, futhi bazokwazi ukuthola izinsalela yabathandekayo babo. Inkinga iba yokuthi njalo ngonyaka ukuncibilika kubambezela - okwandisa udaka uqweqwe phezu, okuyinto kubambezela inqubo.

Kolka yeqhwa ngaphambili ngemva kwale nhlekelele

Uma Karmadon ensungubezini izithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, kwaba yinto endaweni enhle. Bekumnandi ikakhulukazi sifinyelela layo elingenhla. close kakhulu yeqhwa kungabonwa "Glade Shelestenko" nge indlu-yokukhosela. A kancane Miley yeqhwa elise Verhnekarmadonskie ezishisayo. Captivates nge umbono walo sivale indlela engena emgedeni ngolimi Miley, icefall, le Kazbek ithafa.

Colca Glacier ngaphambi nangemva kwenhlekelele kuyinto engozini enkulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, waphinde luyakha uquqaba iqhwa. Ngokusho ososayensi, ukubuthwa elilandelayo kungalindeleka kweminyaka engaba ngu-nanhlanu. Ngakho-ke, manje igxile ukunakwa abacwaningi.

Eminyakeni yamuva, kwazeke ukuthi yeqhwa Kolka iyancibilika ngokushesha. Manje ochwepheshe waloba izikhukhula Koban Gorge - ukuthi "oba" yokungcwatshwa kwa 2002 Karmadon Gorge. On emzimbeni yeqhwa kwakhiwa echibini, amanzi okuyingozi, beya emzaneni Saniba. Amanzi engcupheni eziningana elisezansi nemizana ezinkulu, okuyinto lokhu kuvumelana Gizeldon River.

Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ukuncibilika yeqhwa Kolka ungase udonse amashumi eminyaka. Kunzima ukuthi phakathi kwayo yonke le minyaka, uyoba kuyingozi kakhulu abantu abahlala lapha.

Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Karmadon entabeni esigodini nesigodi kwadingeka ukuba kuthiwe umuntu endaweni eyingozi e sixties ngasekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule, ngemva ngentuthuko Kolka yeqhwa. Kodwa, ngeshwa, abantu azikhohlwa ngazo ngokushesha.

ucwaningo uyaqhubeka

Ososayensi namanje ukutadisha Kolka yeqhwa. Iningi muva nje, umhosha weza Karmadon ehola glaciologist ezweni lethu Nikolay Osokin. Wachitha iphrojekthi enkulu yocwaningo kusayithi bokwehla yeqhwa. Futhi ehlobo elilandelayo kulezi zindawo uhambe uhambo ososayensi ummeleli. Ngingathanda ukukholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wabo kuzosiza ukuvimbela ebuhlungu omunye Uzalo yeqhwa. Futhi ukuthi wake okuzokwenzeka, akungabazeki.