Khrunichev isitshalo: umlando, imikhiqizo, ikheli

Khrunichev isitshalo - ehamba phambili inkampani Aerospace ne leminyaka emlandweni. Lapha sibona ekhiqizwa ngowokuqala yasekhaya izimoto ezithwala, "Russo-Balt", izimoto armored, izindiza izinjongo civil nezempi. Kusukela 60s, inkampani uzihlanganisa e ukuthuthukiswa rocket isikhala ubuchwepheshe.

imoto yesibili

Ukuqala XX leminyaka kwaphawulwa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha imishini self ezinezinjini. izimoto Okokuqala ingeniswe ku uMbuso Russian kusukela kweJalimane neFrance. Kamuva, e Riga, wavula imboni kuqala ukwenziwa nezimoto yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "Russo-Balt". Ulandela ngezimoto yasekhaya laba isikhungo eMoscow. Plant yaqanjwa Khrunichev elandelela umlando layo 1916, lapho Fili waqala ukwakhiwa lesibili imoto ifektri "Russo-Balt".

Nokho, ukuvukela amacebo bamasheya. Inkampani zadliwa uhulumeni futhi waqeda ukwakha amandla amasha. Ngo-1921 lesi sitshalo saqanjwa Armored 1st wamuka e ngokugcina Broneupravleniya iRed Army. Ngemva konyaka, izimoto 5 lokuqala ezalandela zadlula ngokuphazima umbukiso phambi ubuholi Kremlin.

Okokuqala izindiza

Okuxakayo ukuthi ukwethulwa ngempumelelo yebhizinisi ombangela sokuguquka kwakhe. Kwanqunywa ukukhiqiza ngesisekelo umthamo wayo imikhiqizo kwezobuchwepheshe - zonke-metal izindiza. Njengoba yasekhaya design esikoleni kulesi siqondiso kwaba ifektri Khrunichev ngo-1923 yavuma inkampani German "Junkers". The main imodeli uchungechunge babe izindiza ukukhanya Ju-20 ezokuthutha kanye kwesimo endaweni izinguqulo.

Ngo-1925, ukuthola ukusuka nempi yombango, emnothweni isivele ivunyelwe ukukhipha izindiza zayo siqu. Isivumelwano ne "Junkers" sahoxiswa, futhi ngo-1927 inkampani kabusha simila №7 (kamuva -. E №22 wokugubha Okthoba 10). Kusukela kuleso sikhathi Khrunichev Plant eMoscow iba nomkhiqizi eziphambili kakhulu izindiza kuleli zwe. Okwesikhashana yayakhiwe workshop ezintsha, uzilungiselele ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.

uhlelo

Ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili, inkampani ekhiqiza ezahlukene izindiza. Esokuqala sasifana konke metal ukwakhiwa kwesimo endaweni indiza Tupoleva P-3 (ANT-3). Ngentwasahlobo ka-1929, lesi sitshalo kwaveza izimoto 79. Kusukela ngo-1928, ngokuhlangana eqoqwe fighter polutoraplany mina-4 (ANT-5) ahlukile kwesikhathi ekilasini webhomu esindayo TB-1 (ANT-4). Ngo-February 1932, esibhakabhakeni rose esindayo webhomu TB-3 (ANT-6).

Ngu indiza P-6 (inguqulo encane TB-1) yaqale uphenywa North Pole ngaphambi kokutshala Papanin uhambo. Ekupheleni kwe-30 yaba ezinkulu kakhulu phambi isivinini webhomu SB (ANT-40), zavezwa amayunithi 5695. Ngaphambi kwempi, umfuziselo ngempumelelo dive webhomu Pe-2 yasungulwa.

Kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, lesi sitshalo Khrunichev bashintshele ukulungisa izindiza obonakele. Kanyekanye umklami oluvelele Il'yushin izakhi IL-4 (3F-DB), elaba webhomu main kanye torpedo. Ngo-1942 Tupolev Tu-2 athuthukile, okuyinto eyaba imodeli eziyisisekelo ibhizinisi. Ngu ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-izimoto 1700 zavezwa.

Ngo-1946 lesi sitshalo waphathiswa kahle ukukhiqizwa jet ekuhlaseleni Tupolev Tu-onobuhle 12 futhi Tu-14. Kusukela ngo-1949, imikhiqizo eziyinhloko izindiza kwenjongo zamasu. Phakathi kwabo:

• "Flying inqaba" Tu-4 (1950);
• yenuzi M-4 (1953) webhomu yenethiwekhi;
• 3M (ukuguqulwa M-4 kanye motors ngcono) (1956);
• esisheshayo chetyrohdvigatelny webhomu M-50A (1959).

missilery

Zokuphaka-United States iminyaka engu-60 InterContinental ezicitshwayo ballistic (angaphezu kuka-900 iziqhumane) izinhlobo "Titan-1", "Titan-2" futhi "Minuteman-1", uyakwazi ukukhulula sezikhali zenuzi kuya endaweni ye-USSR, impendulo edingekayo. Mashi 30, 1963 yakhipha isimemezelo ku ukwakhiwa Russian ICBMs UR-100 Chelomeya ukuthuthukiswa VN ukutshala kwabo. MV Khrunichev e Fili.

Missile uhlelo UR-100 emelela lebanga elisha izisombululo yesayensi, wobuterhiniki, futhi ngo-1967 kwavunyelwana. Ngeminye iminyaka, inani eliphelele ICBM UR-100 kanye ukuhlela kabusha yayo eqenjini SMF safinyelela amayunithi 1000.

"Rokot"

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-90 sika kunesidingo ukuklama i imicibisholo ukonga engasindi. Lesi sitshalo Khrunichev abangu umsebenzi ayewabelwe lapho kuvezwa izimoto ngoba ukuqalisa ukuthengisa imikhumbi-mkhathi usebenzisa kwisevisi amasu missile ballistic RS-18, itholakale emakhemisi kusukela embonini.

Isakhiwo kwethulwa entsha yenethiwekhi rocket, ebizwa nge "Rokot", kwahlongozwa ukusungula ngaleso Plesetsk isikhala isikhungo. Ingqalasizinda osuvele ukushintshwa sakugcina ivunyelwe ukuthi isebenzise uhlelo izakhiwo eziyisisekelo futhi izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi kwethulwa.

usuku namuhla

Khrunichev isitshalo isayithi umzali FSUE "Khrunichev. Khrunichev, "kuhlanganise eziningi design bureau namabhizinisi we umkhakha isikhala. Ukulekelela rocket "Proton" ikilasi zizoba isici esiphawula leli simila. Libuye othuthukayo eziningi ethembisa amaphrojekthi, main zazo okungukuthi emkhayeni esindayo-class rocket "Angara". Lesi sitshalo futhi uqoqa mkhathi ezahlukene (SC) ehilelekile kwamanye amazwe emisebenzini. Phakathi kwabo:

• akude satellite abathola "Gada-E";
• iziphuphutheki elincane zokuxhumana "KazSat";
• esihlanganisiwe isikhala platform "Yacht";
• "Veza";
• ezokuxhumana satellite "Nimiq";
• zokuxhumana uhlelo "Iridium";
• esigabeni engenhla ngoba indian 12KRB abalingani;
• yesimiso missile KSLV-1 i-South Korea.

Phakathi iphrojekthi wamavukelambuso - ukuthuthukiswa Isizalo ephephile isikhala rocket eziyinkimbinkimbi "Baiterek". Khrunichev isitshalo has ekhelini elilandelayo: Moscow, 121087, emgwaqweni Novozavodskaya 18.