Kanjani CSS unxantathu: izindlela elula kunazo

Isikhathi esining impela Amakhasi enhle yesimanje web aqukethe ihluzo eziningi ezikhangayo. Phakathi kwabo elula esebenzisa ukuma okunjalo yokubala njengesisekelo unxantathu, esisetshenziselwa ukuklama sebuningini izakhi. Ngokwesibonelo, asetshenziswa njengoba pointer ukuba into ekhasini isivakashi wamnaka kuye. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi oyinhloko unxantathu - zokuhlobisa, namabhlogo eziqukethe kubo, beba yesimanje futhi kukhanga.

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ungadala kanjani onethonya ngokusebenzisa Cascading Style Sheets, futhi uyazibuza kanjani ukwenza unxantathu ku-CSS.

Isicelo ekuklanyweni amasayithi

Ngo web design onxantathu yonke indawo. Zenziwa amathiphu, amamenyu, izakhi ezihlukahlukene-UI. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukwenza kube inkomba yokuthi inqubo ebhuthini. Futhi uma ngaphambili kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo, kodwa manje akwenzeki, futhi onjiniyela aphoqelelwe ukuba ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo anjalo. Phela, namuhla wadala CSS unxantathu - kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekwakhiweni interconnection phakathi izingxene zokusetshenziswa uphinde uhlangane ku yomkhakha owodwa.

Abaklami amaningi ewebhu badidekile lapho kuziwa kusakhiwo, ukuklanywa okuyinto evame kakhulu bocalantsatfu. Kakade, akekho izakhiwo ukuthi ngabe ngokuqondile udale le sibalo Jomethri. Eqinisweni, kukhona izindlela eziningi ukuze wenze lokhu.

Indlela yokudala Uhlaka usebenzisa

Indlela yokuqala ivumela ukudala calantsatfu CSS - komngcele. Usebenzisa ozimele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imingcele zidalwe usebenzisa impahla umngcele akuyona kuhlobane ngokuqondile unxantathu, ke elisetshenziswe kaningi le njongo.

Uma kusethwa iqanda ukuphakama nobubanzi into, kanye ukufakwa umngcele obukhulu, ungabona square, okuyinto ihlukaniswe onxantathu ezine ezilinganayo. Okubalulekile wukuthi usebenzise i ukuthi udinga ukugcina kuphela umngcele kunesidingo, kanye nabanye ukwenza ngale. Futhi manje, kuvela unxantathu letidvwetjwe CSS efanele futhi umbala.

Dala engeli usebenzisa izakhiwo "Uhlaka" kuyinto elula ngoba asikho isidingo ukudweba izithombe usebenzisa noma iyiphi kwemaphutsa. unxantathu imingcele kungaguqulwa ikhodi. Futhi yonga isikhathi unjiniyela. Ngokuhlanganisa ububanzi ezehlukene uzimele kulula ngokwanele ukuze uthole sibalo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi isebenza kanjani, wena umane ukudala i-elementi elingenalutho zero ububanzi, ubude, kanye Uhlaka obukhulu kakhulu lowehlukile ohlangothini ngalunye. Ngakho, okwenza izinhlangothi ezintathu aboncantathu amane ezethembekile yizona zezinhlobo ezahlukene:

• unxantathu, ngifuna kwesobunxele, izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana;
• unxantathu, looking kwesokunxele futhi isicaba;
• unxantathu side, ubhekene kwesokunxele;
• unxantathu yomumo, ogama kwesokunxele kuya engela kwesokudla;
• unxantathu ngifuna phansi;
• unxantathu ebheka phezulu;
• unxantathu, ngifuna ukuya kwesokudla, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi.

Ukusebenzisa psevdoedementov

Ngalezi amasu, ungakha engeli e imiyalelo pop-up kanye namathiphu. Ukuze unamathisele nge CSS unxantathu unit, ikakhulukazi program zisebenzisa ezifana mbumbulu ngemva futhi phambi. Uma usebenzisa ndawonye, kungenzeka ukudweba unxantathu CSS kokuba unhlangothi.

Ngokuhlanganisa kubo, onjiniyela ukudala ezihlukahlukene Bhalobhasha enhle, ukusebenzisa impahla isikhundla: isihlobo kungxenye umzali. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze Pseudo-hhayi bethuthile besezihlalweni zabo.

Plus ukusetshenziswa kohlaka CSS ngokudala onxantathu yilezi:

• ukuhlela okusheshayo nokulula ezinobukhulu kanye nemibala ngosizo izakhiwo;
• ukusekela zonke iziphequluli.

nebubi:

• ngoba usebenzisa uhlaka, akukho kungenzeka ukusebenzisa gradients, izithunzi;
• Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umsebenzisi ubheka ikhasi Firefox isiphequluli, ukubaluleka-alpha zingase zingasebenzi, futhi lokhu kuyoyithinta phendulela isithombe.

Ukusebenzisa izithombe ngomumo eyenziwe

Indlela elandelayo ukudala aboncantathu - ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe anekhodi. Unxantathu idwetshwa kusengaphambili e umhleli isithombe futhi iguqulwe ibe ikhodi ekhethekile namasevisi ezikhethekile.

Inzuzo le ndlela wukuthi ungenza idizayini enhle kakhulu izithunzi, gradients, futhi Uhlaka bese nje encode konke. Kodwa sinazo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu ngamakhala ihluzo izinhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isithombe esikhulu kakhulu, ulayini wekhodi is etholwe nje omkhulu. Lokhu kuzokuhlupha unjiniyela.

Into ehlukile kuwufanele ukusetshenziswa iziphequluli Internert Explorer izinguqulo ezindala. Kuzo, indlela nje akusebenzi.

Indlela square nabokhulumile

Enye indlela esiyishisekela ngayo ukwakha esebenzisa CSS nabokhulumile sikwele. Kukhona iyunithi ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Kodwa abanye abantu basebenzisa mbumbulu.

Okokuqala, ukudala isikwele. Kuzoba okuqukethwe ilungu ligijima. Khona-ke akusebenzise ngokuhlela 45 degrees, ukuze yayibukeka njengesikhonyane idayimane. Ngokulandelayo, shift-up kanye iyunithi sangaphandle efihlwe zichichima impahla: kufihlwe. Le isixazululo futhi akuyona cross-browser, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isithombe kungaveli njengoba oyifunayo.

Imiphumela

Ngakho, zikhona izindlela eziningi ukwakha unxantathu. Kuphela awusebenzi ulahleke zonke lezi izakhiwo CSS? Izikhombo kulokhu kuyohlale ukukusiza. Lichaza zonke izici Cascading Style Sheets.

Kulabo ungafuni ukuya izinhlelo nibuke CSS-Umhlahlandlela, kukhona nabahleli inthanethi ukuthi ukhiqize onxantathu osayizi kwesokudla kanye nemibala. Esikhathini umhleli ezibukwayo, umsebenzisi ukhetha futhi ilungiselela zonke sibalo izilungiselelo. Iguqulwe ukuze ikhodi CSS generator unxantathu ibekwe ewindini elihlukile on the fly. Khona-ke, ikhodi eyakhiwe omane usufakwa Olwandisekayo nokufana ukuklanywa ikhasi.